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1.
为评估长江江苏段鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)增殖放流效果,本研究基于微卫星标记的亲子鉴定技术,选用 10对扩增效果稳定的微卫星荧光标记引物,结合毛细管电泳对江苏省内良种场 563 尾鳙亲鱼和长江江苏段 687 尾回捕鳙进行基因分型,并对位点多态性及亲子鉴定结果进行了分析。结果表明,各位点等位基因介于 19~55 之间,其观测杂合度为 0.530~0.909(平均值为 0.748),期望杂合度为 0.818~0.929 (平均值为 0.882),多态性信息含量为0.797~0.924 (平均值为 0.871);Cervus3.0 模拟结果显示,当双亲未知且置信度为 95%时, 10 个微卫星位点的累积非亲权排除率为 99.996%。亲子鉴定结果发现,所有回捕鳙中有 42 尾与亲本之间存在亲子关系,被确认来源于鳙增殖放流群体,并由此推算此次评估亲本的放流子代对长江江苏段野生群体的贡献率为 6.11%。结果显示该研究进行的鳙亲子鉴定技术可为长江鳙增殖放流效果评估工作提供可靠的数据支撑,为长江渔业资源管理提供参考资料。 相似文献
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为研究微卫星分子标记在大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)增殖放流效果评估中的适用性, 本研究利用 8 个多态性丰富的微卫星位点, 对 100 尾放流大黄鱼亲鱼以及官井洋海域回捕的 295 尾大黄鱼样本进行亲子鉴定, 并提出了一种基于微卫星分子标记的大黄鱼回捕效果评估方法。8 个微卫星位点共检测到 78 个等位基因, 其观测杂合度为 0.511~0.939 (平均值 0.764), 期望杂合度为 0.643~0.897 (平均值 0.781), 多态性信息含量为 0.587~0.883 (平均值为 0.751); 通过 Cervus 3.0.7 软件模拟分析得到, 在置信度大于 95%的情况下, 8 个微卫星位点的个体累积排除率达到 99.99%以上水平; 2019 年 7 月从官井洋海域回捕到的 190 尾大黄鱼中, 检测出 5 尾与放流亲本存在亲子关系的个体, 占回捕样本总数的 2.63%。推算本次富发放流大黄鱼在回捕样本中所占比例为 60.53%左右, 进一步推算出 7 月富发公司放流大黄鱼的回捕率为 0.0038%左右。8 月、9 月的 105 尾回捕样品中未能检出标记个体。本研究构建的大黄鱼亲子鉴定技术体系不仅可为三沙湾大黄鱼增殖放流效果评估工作提供可靠的技术支撑, 亦可为三沙湾大黄鱼保护区的科学管理提供参考, 此外本研究对于我国其他海水鱼类的增殖放流评估工作的开展也将有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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放流三疣梭子蟹遗传多样性和贡献率初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来我国沿海三疣梭子蟹自然资源明显下降,为恢复现有资源,辽宁省自2012年开始,连续实施了4年大规模人工放流工作。在目前的增殖放流中,为检测参与繁殖的三疣梭子蟹亲本和即将放流的子代间的遗传差异以及亲本对其子代的繁殖贡献率水平,利用10对具有丰富遗传多态性的微卫星分子标记,分别对9只三疣梭子蟹雌性亲本和179只即将放流的子代进行了遗传多样性分析及亲子鉴定。结果发现,子代的平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度和平均多态性信息含量数值均低于参与繁殖的雌性亲本,亲本和放流子代之间在观测杂合度、多态性信息含量参数方面并无显著差异(P0.05),但期望杂合度遗传参数存在显著差异(P0.05),子代的遗传多样性较雌性亲本呈下降的趋势。使用4个微卫星分子标记时,累积排除率≥0.998,亲子鉴定的准确率为56.98%;微卫星分子标记为6个时,累积排除率≥0.9999,准确率达到97.21%;当使用8个微卫星分子标记鉴定时,准确率达100%。同时发现,9只雌性亲本对子代均有贡献,最高为29.61%,最低为3.35%,不同亲本之间的贡献率存在显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,微卫星可以作为有效的标记手段用于三疣梭子蟹增殖放流遗传评估中。上述试验结果将为我国三疣梭子蟹增殖放流的科学发展提供基础资料。 相似文献
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牙鲆家系亲权鉴定的微卫星DNA标记分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为准确进行不同家系的亲权鉴定,筛选具有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记,从牙鲆选育基础群体中挑选性腺发育良好的雌雄亲本各10尾建立全同胞家系10个,从独立饲养的每个家系中随机选取30尾个体组成系谱结构已知的家系群体,从混合培育的子代群体中随机选取200尾个体组成系谱结构未知的混合群体。48个微卫星DNA标记选自牙鲆第二代遗传连锁图谱,且均匀分布于24个连锁群上,每个连锁群2个标记。家系群体的遗传分析结果发现,10个拥有丰富遗传多态性的微卫星DNA标记表现出高的亲本排除概率,其Excl1和Excl2的范围分别为0.655~0.719和0.792~0.837。随鉴定所用微卫星DNA标记数目的增加,累计排除概率逐步升高。当使用8个微卫星DNA标记鉴定时,累计排除概率达到100%。利用这些标记开展混合群体的亲权鉴定,显示共有13个雌雄个体参与繁殖过程,不同亲本配组产生的后代数量存在差异,亲本与后代群体之间的各项遗传学统计指标不存在明显差异。研究表明,筛选出具有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记能够有效进行牙鲆家系的亲权鉴定,可以作为今后开展家系选育与DNA分子标记联合育种的候选标记。 相似文献
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本研究利用12对微卫星标记对秦皇岛近海增殖放流区内的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)回捕群体的遗传多样性进行分析,并与放流用牙鲆亲本群体和放流前群体的遗传多样性进行对比。结果显示,在3个群体中,等位基因数(Na)为11.917–22.167个,平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.800–0.836,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.814–0.845,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.775–0.818。其中,回捕群体的平均Na最多,为22.167,放流前群体的平均Na最少,为11.917。平均Ho最大的是回捕群体(0.836),最小的是放流前群体(0.800)。平均He最大的是亲本群体(0.845),最小的是放流前群体(0.814)。在36个群体–位点组合中,有23个群体–位点组合显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡状态(P<0.05)。3个群体的基因分化系数Gst值为0.005–0.043,遗传分化均为较弱。研究表明,3个群体均保持较高的遗传多样性,放流人工培育苗种对回捕群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构未产生明显的影响。 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2017,(6)
本研究利用12对微卫星标记对秦皇岛近海增殖放流区内的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)回捕群体的遗传多样性进行分析,并与放流用牙鲆亲本群体和放流前群体的遗传多样性进行对比。结果显示,在3个群体中,等位基因数(N_a)为11.917–22.167个,平均观测杂合度(H_o)为0.800–0.836,平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.814–0.845,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.775–0.818。其中,回捕群体的平均N_a最多,为22.167,放流前群体的平均N_a最少,为11.917。平均H_o最大的是回捕群体(0.836),最小的是放流前群体(0.800)。平均H_e最大的是亲本群体(0.845),最小的是放流前群体(0.814)。在36个群体–位点组合中,有23个群体–位点组合显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡状态(P0.05)。3个群体的基因分化系数G_(st)值为0.005–0.043,遗传分化均为较弱。研究表明,3个群体均保持较高的遗传多样性,放流人工培育苗种对回捕群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构未产生明显的影响。 相似文献
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基于微卫星标记的图们江大麻哈鱼亲子鉴定技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)是重要的洄游性经济鱼类,在中国分布于黑龙江、乌苏里江、绥芬河和图们江水域。为保护大麻哈鱼种质资源,恢复图们江流域野外种群数量,该研究基于微卫星标记技术,利用10对微卫星标记,对355尾回捕子代和91尾繁殖亲本开展了亲子关系鉴定研究。结果表明,检测等位基因数(N_a)201个,观测杂合度(H_o)为0.617～0.895,平均0.744;期望杂合度(H_e)为0.676～0.909,平均0.824;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.628～0.900,平均0.805。利用Cervus 3.0软件计算10个微卫星座位的累积非亲排除率(CEP)达99.95%。5个回捕样本与繁殖亲本存在亲子关系,确定为增殖放流的大麻哈鱼。该研究成功利用微卫星标记技术明确回捕大麻哈鱼归属地,为巩固中国鱼源国地位提供有力证据,同时为评估大麻哈鱼的增殖放流效果提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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基于线粒体DNA控制区高变区部分序列和4对微卫星标记,对大泷六线鱼放流群体及自然海域群体的遗传多样性与遗传差异进行了比较分析。线粒体DNA控制区序列分析的结果显示,413尾个体共检测到单倍型117种,其中仅Hap_3、Hap_7和Hap_17为共享单倍型,占总单倍型数目的2.5%;放流、野生群体特有单倍型分别为20种和66种,分别占总单倍型数的17.09%和56.41%,放流群体特有单倍型数明显低于野生群体;放流群体和野生群体核苷酸多样性分别为0.005 1~0.006 7和0.005 8~0.007 5,单倍型多样性分别为0.856 7~0.949 9和0.883 1~0.954 9,遗传多样性均较高。微卫星标记分析结果显示,放流、野生群体平均等位基因数(Na)分别为13~44和13~27,平均多态信息含量为0.885 6和0.874 0,均具较高的遗传多态性;群体遗传结构分析结果表明,放流、野生群体间遗传分化水平较低。研究表明,山东近海大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体均具有较丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传结构未存在显著的群体分化。 相似文献
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为评估钱塘江上游黄尾鲴的增殖放流效果和潜在遗传风险,本实验利用已开发的11对微卫星引物,基于亲子鉴定技术对钱塘江上游增殖放流黄尾鲴的资源贡献率进行估算,同时开展黄尾鲴养殖群体和野外群体的遗传多样性比较,评估其增殖放流的遗传风险。结果显示,33尾繁殖亲本群体和105尾回捕群体的平均等位基因数(Na)为8.64,平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.708,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.739,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.703,11对微卫星引物多样性较高。亲缘关系分析表明,11个座位累计非亲排除率(CEP)达到99.999 980%,在回捕的105尾黄尾鲴个体中,5尾回捕个体被确认为放流的子代,对野外群体的资源贡献率为4.76%。黄尾鲴养殖群体和野外群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,且群体内各个遗传参数相差较小,遗传多样性水平相近;分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,遗传变异主要来自于群体内(95.92%),遗传分化系数FST为0.053 59,群体间的基因流(Nm)为4.42,属于低等程度的分化... 相似文献
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为评估瓯江唇[HT5”,7]鱼[KG-*3]骨(Hemibarbus labeo)的增殖放流效果,利用已开发的10对微卫星引物,基于亲子鉴定技术,开展了瓯江增殖放流唇[HT5”,7]鱼[KG-*3]骨对野生群体的资源贡献率评估。结果显示:28尾繁殖亲本群体和103尾回捕群体中共检出等位基因数(Na)133个,单个位点等位基因数(Na)、多态信息含量(PIC)、观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)的变化范围分别为7~19个、0.501~0.883、0.328~0.787和0.523~0.897,对应的平均值分别为13.3个、0.703、0.598和0.737,10对微卫星引物均表现为高度多态性,可用于后续亲缘关系鉴定。亲缘关系分析表明,在亲本性别未知的情况下,非亲排除率(NEP)范围为0.043～0.400,10座位累计非亲排除率(CEP)达到0.999 999 62。亲子鉴定结果表明,在回捕的103尾唇[HT5”,7]鱼[KG-*3]骨个体中,3尾确认来源于增殖放流群体,由此推算出放流群体对野生群体的资源贡献率为2.91%。综合分析表明,瓯江唇[HT5”,7]鱼[KG-*3]骨增殖放流具有一定的资源恢复效果。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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