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1.
螺螨酯在柑橘和土壤中残留及消解动态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了评价螺螨酯在柑橘和土壤中的安全性,建立其在柑橘中的使用规范,于2010、2011年在长沙、杭州两地进行田间试验,研究螺螨酯在柑橘和土壤中的最终残留和消解动态。结果表明：螺螨酯在柑橘和土壤中的添加回收率为82.2%~110%,相对标准偏差为2.55%~9.84%;螺螨酯在柑橘和土壤中的最低检出限均为0.0035 mg/kg。螺螨酯在柑橘和土壤中的消解均符合一级动力学方程,消解半衰期分别为5.18~8.49天,5.19~7.85天。螺螨酯最终残留在橘肉、橘皮和土壤中的质量分数分别是未检出(<0.0035 mg/kg),未检出(<0.0035 mg/kg)~0.1978 mg/kg,未检出(<0.0035 mg/kg)~0.2401 mg/kg,均低于欧盟规定的在柑橘上的最大残留限量0.5 mg/kg。参考欧盟制定的柑橘中螺螨酯的最大残留限量(0.5 mg/kg),按推荐施药剂量和次数施用螺螨酯,防治柑橘红蜘蛛,施药后20天以后收获柑橘,食用是安全。 相似文献
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19种防治棉叶螨药剂室内毒力测定及安全性评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
室内毒力测定结果表明:阿维菌素对棉叶螨活性最高,唑螨酯、哒螨灵、甲氨基阿维菌素、四螨嗪次之;其它药剂对棉叶螨杀螨活性依次为多杀菌素、甲氰菊酯、浏阳霉素、联苯菊酯、倍硫磷、三氯杀螨醇、双甲脒、噻螨酮、克螨特、毒死蜱、喹硫磷、氯氟氰菊酯、对硫磷和伏杀硫磷。哒螨灵、阿维菌素、四螨嗪和唑螨酯对棉叶螨有极高选择性;浏阳霉素、多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素、噻螨酮、克螨特、三氯杀螨醇、双甲脒、倍硫磷和甲氰菊酯次之;喹硫磷、氯氟氰菊酯、对硫磷和伏杀硫磷则无选择性。阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素对中红侧沟茧蜂影响最小。 相似文献
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9种杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨不同发育阶段的室内毒力测定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
室内采用FAO推荐的玻片浸渍法和叶碟法分别测定了9种杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨雌成螨和卵的毒力。结果表明,杀螨活性最高的是阿维菌素,其次是溴虫腈,卡死克、噻螨酮、哒螨灵、三唑锡也具有较好的杀螨效果,炔螨特的杀螨效果较差,甲氰菊酯和氧化乐果的杀螨效果最差;阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨卵的毒力最高,毒力次之的是噻螨酮、哒螨灵、溴虫腈、三唑锡和卡死克,甲氰菊酯、炔螨特和氧化乐果对卵的毒力最差。另外,对朱砂叶螨雌成螨和卵毒力相差最大的是噻螨酮和哒螨灵,毒力分别相差150.27和134.28倍;其次为三唑锡,相差69.80倍;溴虫腈、卡死克、阿维菌素、氧化乐果、甲氰菊酯、炔螨特对卵和雌成螨的毒力差别相对较小。 相似文献
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<正>由于欧盟再评审进展缓慢,欧盟对42个农药有效成分的登记期限将延长1年。杀菌剂氟啶胺、氟酰胺,除草剂乙丁氟灵,植物生长调节剂甲哌鎓的登记期限将延长至2020年2月29日。杀菌剂嘧菌环胺、氟环唑、三乙膦酸铝、嘧菌胺、叶菌唑、苯菌酮、嘧霉胺、甲基立枯磷、灭菌唑、福美锌,除草剂炔草酯、二氯吡啶酸、精2,4-滴丙酸、砜嘧磺隆、三氯吡氧乙酸,杀虫剂抗蚜威、多杀霉素、噻虫啉,杀虫/杀螨剂阿维菌素,杀螨剂唑螨酯,植物生长调节剂抗倒酯的登记期限将延长至2020年4月30日。 相似文献
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11种常用药剂对蔬菜朱砂叶螨的室内毒力测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用玻片浸渍法,室内测定了11种常用药剂对北京地区蔬菜上朱砂叶螨的毒力效果。结果表明,阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨雌成螨毒力最高,其致死中浓度LC50为0.0007mg/L,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和氧苦?内酯的毒力较高,LC50分别为0.0130 mg/L和0.1461 mg/L;哒螨灵和虫螨腈的效果次之,其LC50分别为21.3122mg/L和34.8519 mg/L。其他药剂如克螨特、高效氯氟氰菊酯和多杀菌素对雌成螨毒性较低,螺螨酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻螨酮对朱砂叶螨雌成螨毒力很差。 相似文献
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<正>秋冬季是红蜘蛛暴发的季节,又是果实收获的季节。11月柑橘进入重要的物候期,秋梢老熟、冬梢萌发、花芽分化,此时离收获不远,管理显得尤为重要。特别是病虫害的防治不能大意,柑橘果实成熟期,红蜘蛛泛滥,矿物油杀螨不可滥用。用药需注意,不能使用毒性高的杀螨剂,且在温度较低的情况下,有些杀螨剂效果会打折扣,所以还要选择合适杀螨剂。可以用唑螨酯、乙螨唑、矿物 相似文献
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正腈吡螨酯对柑橘树、苹果树、梨树、葡萄、草莓、辣椒、西瓜、茶树、玫瑰等作物上的各类害螨、红蜘蛛、食心虫等均具有良好的活性,市场潜力较大。其中30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂及腈吡螨酯·哒螨灵、腈吡螨酯·乙螨唑、腈吡螨酯·虫螨腈等复配登记配方受到了国内外农化企业的广泛关注。 相似文献
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为了探究目前蔬果生产中常用杀菌剂、杀虫剂、杀螨剂在复合蔬果汁中的残留情况,本研究建立了3种复合蔬果汁中吡唑醚菌酯、啶虫脒和哒螨灵残留的LC-MS/MS分析方法。选取以不同蔬果进行调和的3种复合蔬果汁为材料,采用含1%(v%)乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,以SPE-NH2柱进行净化,以C18色谱柱分离待测物,采用电喷雾离子化,正离子扫描和多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。试验结果表明：啶虫脒在5~1000 μg/L,吡唑醚菌酯和哒螨灵在1~500 μg/L范围内均有良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)在0.9984以上。添加浓度为0.010、0.10和0.50 mg/kg时,3种复合蔬果汁中吡唑醚菌酯、啶虫脒及哒螨灵回收率为80.6%~113.4%;相对标准偏差(RSD)介于0.5%~9.3%之间;以最低添加浓度0.010 mg/kg为方法定量限(LOQ)。该方法快捷、简便、准确,满足复合蔬果汁中吡唑醚菌酯、啶虫脒及哒螨灵残留分析的要求。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献