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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2021,(8)
近年来禽流感、口蹄疫、高致病性猪蓝耳病猪瘟、鸡瘟等流行性传染病的肆虐,使政府对动物疫苗的研发技术给予了高度关注。出台了一系列法规,制度和规范,使动物疫苗的研发和生产开始由杂乱无序向高效规范转变,动物疫苗的生产技术快速提高,动物疫苗生产呈现标准化规范化和产业化特点。畜牧养殖业的规模化发展,对疫苗需求的在增加,促进了疫苗研发和疫苗生产工艺的不断创新及疫苗安全性和有效性的提高。 相似文献
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副结核病是世界范围流行的以危害反刍动物为主的动物疫病,严重威胁畜牧业发展和人类公共卫生安全,我国将其列为二类动物疫病。由于该病病原感染机体的免疫反应复杂,需要根据不同感染时期施以不同的诊断方法;目前对于该病没有理想的疫苗可用,现有疫苗对预防感染无效;需要根据不同目标采取不同防控策略,国际通用策略为"大缸奶质量保证措施"(BMPAQ)和"密集副结核程序"(IPP)。未来需要研究更加方便、高效、快捷的诊断方法,加快新型疫苗研发、减少疫苗副作用及检测干扰,进一步强化多部门联动及防控宣传。 相似文献
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结核分支杆菌(MTB)引起的结核病 是一种人兽共患的慢性传染病,短程督导化 疗是治疗该病的主要措施,卡介苗是预防该 病的惟一疫苗,但其免疫效果极不稳定。分 子生物学技术的发展为研制新型MTB疫苗 提供了理想方法,人们利用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 (Salmonellatyphimurium,St)减毒株作为 载体,将编码MTB保护性抗原的基因导入其 中,可构建重组St疫苗,如rSt Ag85B疫苗 和rSt ESAT 6疫苗;将编码MTB保护性抗 原的基因导入小鼠巨噬细胞或骨髓细胞可构 建MTB活细胞疫苗,如J774 HSP65疫苗和 BMC HSP65疫苗;利用基因诱变可构建 MTB减毒活疫苗,如MTB嘌呤营养缺陷株, ICL基因剔除株,VitB5营养缺陷株和十一萜 醇激酶基因变异株。文章介绍了结核分支杆 菌重组鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗,活细胞疫苗和 减毒活疫苗的构建及其免疫机制等方面的研 究进展。 相似文献
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为获得新的鉴别诊断结核杆菌感染的候选抗原,根据Gene Bank中登录的结核杆菌H37Rv的TB 9.7基因序列设计1对引物,以结核杆菌H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到TB 9.7基因DNA片段。将该扩增片段克隆于PMD18-T载体中,得到载体PMD18-T-TB9.7。分别将pET32a质粒和PMD18-T-TB 9.7质粒用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切,并将纯化的TB 9.7基因亚克隆至pET32a中,获得重组表达质粒pET32a-TB 9.7。将其转化E.coli BL21 IPTG诱导后,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot分析鉴定,可见约30ku的外源蛋白带。表明TB9.7基因在大肠杆菌中得到了表达。用Ni-NTA Agarose试剂盒进行蛋白纯化,获得纯化的TB9.7融合蛋白,建立间接ELISA诊断方法,检测了30份结核病人的痰检阳性血清,120份健康人的血清,敏感性为56.6%,特异性为97%,与痰检结果的符合率为84%。 相似文献
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Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a versatile and multi-cell derived cytokine, which has attracted the great attention of researchers because of its strong anti-inflammation and immunosuppression activities. It can not only inhibit the innate but also adaptive immunity. Generally, it is believed that IL-10 is closely related to immune evasion and latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In view of its unique role in MTB infection, progress of role of IL-10 on immune evasion, latent infection, clinical chemotherapies and self-regulation of its expression during MTB infection were reviewed. 相似文献
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白细胞介素10（interleukin 10,IL-10）是一种多功能、多细胞源性的细胞因子,因其具有强抗炎和免疫抑制活性而成为研究热点。在结核病的发生发展中,IL-10的免疫抑制作用受到了研究者的关注,其既能抑制天然免疫,也能影响获得性免疫。研究者普遍认为IL-10与结核分枝杆菌的免疫逃避及潜伏性感染有关。鉴于其在结核分枝杆菌感染中独特的作用,作者对近几年IL-10在结核分枝杆菌免疫逃避、潜伏感染、临床辅助治疗及自身表达调控等方面的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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Begley DA Krupke DM Neuhauser SB Richardson JE Bult CJ Eppig JT Sundberg JP 《Veterinary pathology》2012,49(1):218-223
The Mouse Tumor Biology Database (MTB) is designed to provide an electronic data storage, search, and analysis system for information on mouse models of human cancer. The MTB includes data on tumor frequency and latency, strain, germ line, and somatic genetics, pathologic notations, and photomicrographs. The MTB collects data from the primary literature, other public databases, and direct submissions from the scientific community. The MTB is a community resource that provides integrated access to mouse tumor data from different scientific research areas and facilitates integration of molecular, genetic, and pathologic data. Current status of MTB, search capabilities, data types, and future enhancements are described in this article. 相似文献
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双组分信号转导系统广泛存在于各种原核生物中,其基本结构为1个组氨酸激酶（HK）和1个反应调节剂（RR）,该系统能够感知外界刺激并作出反应,使细菌能适应各种不利环境且能增强细菌在宿主体内的生存能力,对细菌的毒力和生长至关重要。文章概述了结核分枝杆菌DosS/DosT-DosR、MprA-MprB、PrrA-PrrB、PhoP-PhoR等12个双组分系统,重点介绍了PhoP-PhoR双组分系统的结构与功能。PhoP-PhoR是结核分枝杆菌最基本、最重要的双组分系统之一,由感受器PhoR和效应器PhoP组成,其中PhoR可以接受Mg2＋、Cl－或H＋等外界刺激,进而驱动PhoP对靶基因的转录表达进行调控。PhoP作为一种效应蛋白,经过晶体结构解析发现,其可通过与DNA结合来实现对靶基因的调控,具体包括对细胞壁组成的控制、对脂类代谢和pH的调节、对结核分枝杆菌毒力网络的调控。此外,文章还介绍了PhoP突变株作为疫苗候选株所具有的优势,包括PhoP突变株在小鼠模型中毒力减弱,并且免疫恒河猴及豚鼠后均有一定的免疫保护性等,表明PhoP突变株具有较好的疫苗开发潜力。作者通过对PhoP-PhoR双组分系统的结构与功能,以及PhoP突变株作为疫苗候选株的研究进行综述,旨在为结核分枝杆菌的毒力机制和人类结核病疫苗的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Aznar I McGrath G Murphy D Corner LA Gormley E Frankena K More SJ Martin W O'Keeffe J De Jong MC 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,151(1-2):104-111
The principal wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis in Ireland is the European badger. Studies in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) have shown that badgers culled in association with cattle herd tuberculosis breakdowns (focal culling) have a higher prevalence of infection than the badger population at large. This observation is one rationale for the medium term national strategy of focal badger culling. A vaccination strategy for the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in badgers is a preferred long-term option. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been shown to decrease disease severity in captive badgers under controlled conditions. As the vaccine has been tested in a controlled environment with precise information on infection pressure, it cannot be assumed a priori that the effects of vaccination are similar in the wild, where other environmental and/or ecological factors prevail. For this reason we have designed a vaccine field trial to assess the impact of vaccination on the incidence of TB infection in a wild badger population. The selected study area for the vaccine trial (approximately 755 square kilometers) is divided into three zones each of which has similar characteristics in terms of size, number of main badger setts, cattle herds, cattle and land classification type. Three vaccination levels (100%, 50% and 0%) will be allocated to the three zones in a way that a gradient of vaccination coverage North to South is achieved. The middle zone (zone B) will be vaccinated at a 50% coverage but zone A and C will be randomly allocated with 100% or 0% vaccination coverage. Vaccination within zone B will be done randomly at individual badger level. The objective of this paper is to describe the design of a field tuberculosis vaccination trial for badgers, the epidemiological methods that were used to design the trial and the subsequent data analysis. The analysis will enable us to quantify the magnitude of the observed vaccination effect on M. bovis transmission in badgers under field conditions and to improve our knowledge of the biological effects of vaccination on susceptibility and infectiousness. 相似文献
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is one of the important diseases that endanger the healthy development of the pig industry.It has acute and highly infectious characteristics,causing severe economic losses to the pig industry.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection could destroy the animal's digestive system,cause the appetite of sick pigs to decline,vomit,and severe diarrhea.And the piglets cured by drugs will also have a serious impact on production due to factors such as poor growth and development,which will bring huge problems to the farmers.The outbreak of PEDV highly pathogenic mutant strains in China in 2010 led to a significant increase in the incidence and mortality of PED,which severely affected pig production in China.The outbreak of PED has drawn close attention from the pig industry.Scholars in related research fields have conducted more in-depth research on the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV and the new PED vaccine.Five new types of PED vaccines,including subunit vaccine,virus live vector vaccine,bacterial live vector vaccine,transgenic plant vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine,have been developed successively,and new breakthroughs and progress have been made.Compared with the traditional PED inactivated vaccine and PED attenuated vaccine,the new PED genetically engineered vaccine has the advantages of good safety,simple preparation,and good immune effect.This article focuses on the pathogenesis of PEDV and the research progress of five new PED vaccines,so as to deepen our understanding of new PEDV and PED vaccines,in order to provide references for prevention and control measures of PEDV infection. 相似文献
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猪流行性腹泻（porcine epidemic diarrhea,PED）是危害养猪业健康发展的重要疾病之一,具有急性、高度传染性的特征,给养猪业造成了严重的经济损失。猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）感染会破坏动物机体的消化系统,造成患病猪食欲下降、呕吐以及严重腹泻等,且药物治愈后的仔猪也会因为生长发育不良等因素严重影响生产,给养殖户带来巨大的困扰。2010年PEDV高致病变异毒株在中国暴发流行,导致PED的发病率和死亡率大幅升高,严重影响中国养猪生产。此次PED的暴发流行引起了养猪行业的密切关注,相关研究领域的学者对PEDV致病机制和PED新型疫苗进行了更加深入的研究,亚单位疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗、细菌活载体疫苗、转基因植物疫苗和核酸疫苗5种PED新型疫苗相继被开发,并取得全新的突破和进展。与传统的PED灭活苗和PED弱毒疫苗相比,PED新型基因工程疫苗具有安全性好、制备简单、免疫效果好等优点。文章着重对PEDV发病机理和5种PED新型疫苗的研究进展展开综述,从而加深对PEDV和PED新型疫苗的了解,以期为PEDV感染的预防和控制措施提供参考。 相似文献