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1.
研究日粮锌水平对4~6周龄肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响。360只1日龄Arbor Acres(AA)肉公雏,0~3周龄统一饲喂同种日粮(含锌86.25 mg/kg),于22日龄从中选取288只鸡按体重随机分成8个处理,每个处理分6个重复笼饲养,每个重复笼6只鸡。分别饲喂不添加锌的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮(对照组,含锌27.66 mg/kg)和在基础日粮中分别添加20、40、60、80、100、120和140 mg/kg锌(试剂级硫酸锌)日粮。试验期21 d。研究结果表明,日粮锌水平对4~6周龄肉仔鸡生长和胴体性能均无显著影响(P>0.10),但日粮中添加适宜水平的锌可显著降低肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌的滴水损失和胸肌丙二醛含量,提高胸肌L*值(P<0.10)。  相似文献   

2.
试验通过在日粮中添加不同水平的锰研究锰对4～6周龄肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体性能及肉品质的影响。480只1日龄Arbor Acres(AA)公雏饲养于60个笼中,每个笼中8只,0～3周龄统一饲喂同种日粮(含锰127.33 mg/kg)。于22日龄从中选取384只鸡按体重随机分成8个组,每组8个重复,每个重复6只鸡,分别饲喂不添加锰的玉米—豆粕型基础日粮(对照组,含锰13.69 mg/kg)和在基础日粮中分别添加20、40、60、80、100、120和140 mg/kg锰(试剂级硫酸锰)日粮。试验期21 d。结果表明,添加不同水平锰对4～6周龄肉仔鸡日采食量、日增重、料重比、全净膛率,胸肌率、腿肌率、胸肌滴水损失、剪切力、L*值、a*值和b*值、腿肌滴水损失、剪切力、L*值、a*值和b*值均无显著影响(P0.10),但随着日粮锰水平的提高,肉仔鸡腿病发生率有降低趋势、胸肌和腿肌pH有提高趋势,且添加80 mg/kg锰时日增重最高、腹脂率最低。  相似文献   

3.
为探明酸枣仁皂苷对肉仔鸡的抗热应激作用,将225只1日龄AA肉雏仔鸡公母混合随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1～4组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5,1.0,1.5和2.0 mg/kg的酸枣仁皂苷。1～3周龄采用常规饲养管理,4周龄时开始进行为期1周的(34±1)℃热应激处理。结果:0.5和1.0 mg/kg添加水平极显著提高3周龄肉仔鸡日增重(P<0.01),4个水平的酸枣仁皂苷对热应激肉仔鸡的平均日增重、采食量和饲料转化率均有改善作用,以0.5和1.0 mg/kg添加水平最佳(P<0.01)。饲粮中添加0.5 mg/kg酸枣仁皂苷显著提高热应激肉仔鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率(P<0.05),极显著降低皮下脂肪厚(P<0.01)。酸枣仁皂苷对热应激肉仔鸡的腿比例、腿肌率、胸肌率、腹脂率、腺胃率、肌胃率、脾脏率、十二指肠率、空肠率、回肠率、盲肠率、法氏囊率和胸腺率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。总之,1～3周龄肉仔鸡饲粮中添加酸枣仁皂苷,可提高采食量和日增重;34℃热应激下添加酸枣仁皂苷,可提高平均日增重、采食量和饲料转化率,改善胴体品质;酸枣仁皂苷较理想的添加水平为0.5～1.0 mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
牛至油对肉仔鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
将150只1日龄、健康的艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为5组,在其基础日粮中分别添加75、100、125、150 mg/kg的10%牛至油预混剂,饲喂6周.结果表明,牛至油可极显著提高肉仔鸡全期的增重速度(P＜0.01),改善料肉比(P＜0.01);试验组平均胸肌率和腿肌率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),分别比对照组高8.93%、9.60%,试验组平均腹脂率比对照组平均低16.30%,差异极显著(P＜0.01).以生产性能和胴体品质为指标看,牛至油在肉仔鸡日粮中的适宜添加量为100 mg/kg.  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究常规饲养条件下,饲粮添加铬源与铬水平对0~3周龄肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响。选用252只1日龄体重均一的科宝(Cobb 500)肉仔鸡,随机分为7个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。各处理组分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含铬0.32 mg/kg)和在基础饲粮分别添加0.4、2.0 mg/kg铬分别源于丙酸铬(Cr Pro)、吡啶甲酸铬(Cr Pic)和三氯化铬(Cr Cl3)的试验饲粮,试验期为21 d。结果表明:铬源、铬水平及铬源与铬水平的互作对0~3周龄肉仔鸡的平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料增重比及胴体性能均无显著影响(P0.10);不同铬源对胸肌亮度有显著影响(P0.10),Cr Pic组和Cr Cl3组分别较Cr Pro组显著提高了3.55%和3.76%(P0.05);铬源对胸肌红度也有显著影响(P0.10),与Cr Pic组相比较,Cr Pro组显著提高了32.72%(P0.10))。研究结果显示,饲粮中铬添加对0~3周龄肉仔鸡的生长性能及胴体性能无显著影响,不同铬源影响了肉仔鸡胸肌肉色,显著影响胸肌亮度和红度,其中以Cr Cl3提高亮度和Cr Pro提高红度效果较好。  相似文献   

6.
苜草素对肉仔鸡和仔猪生产性能的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
在实验室饲养条件下,日粮中添加600 mg/kg的苜草素显著促进3～6周龄肉仔鸡的生长,提高饲料转化率(P<0.05),并可降低腹脂,提高肉鸡胴体品质.在生产条件下,仔猪日粮添加600 mg/kg的苜草素,在10～40 kg体重阶段,苜草素组仔猪平均日增重比金霉素组提高5.5%,饲料转化率提高1.3%.本研究结果表明,苜草素对肉仔鸡和仔猪具有促生产和提高饲料转化率的作用,同时还有显著改善胴体品质的功效.  相似文献   

7.
日粮硒水平对22～42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为研究日粮硒水平对22～42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响,试验选用380只1日龄Arbor Acres (AA)肉公雏,1～21日龄统一饲喂同种正常添加无机硒的玉米-豆粕型日粮(含硒0.47 mg/kg),于22日龄从中选取体重接近的336只鸡,随机分成6个处理组,每组7个重复,每个重复8只鸡。分别饲喂不添加硒的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮(对照组,含硒0.015 mg/kg)和在基础日粮中分别添加0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40和0.50 mg/kg硒(以亚硒酸钠形式添加)的试验日粮,试验期21 d。结果表明,日粮中添加不同硒水平对22～42日龄肉仔鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响(P0.05);对42日龄肉仔鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P0.05);日粮中添加不同硒水平对42日龄肉仔鸡腿肌剪切力和胸肌肉色L~*值有显著影响(P0.05),其中添加0.50 mg/kg硒处理组肉鸡的腿肌剪切力最低,添加0.20和0.50 mg/kg硒处理组肉鸡的胸肌肉色L~*值最低,但其他肉质性状指标在各组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同水平硒对22～42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能与42日龄肉仔鸡胴体性状均无显著影响,但日粮中添加0.50 mg/kg硒降低了腿肌剪切力和胸肌L~*值,对肉品质有一定的改善作用。  相似文献   

8.
选择4周龄的良凤花肉鸡180只,随机分为3组。1组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加100mg/kg半胱胺及120mg/kg半胱胺。试验结果表明:屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、心重、肝重3组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但(胸肌率除外)随着半胱胺添加量的增加均呈下降趋势。2、3组的腹脂率明显下降(P<0.05)。120mg/kg半胱胺组的腹脂率低于100mg/kg半胱胺组(P<0.05)。2、3组的肉色优于对照组,pH值方面,3组间差异不显著(P>0.05),2、3组系水力高于对照组(P<0.05),120mg/kg半胱胺组系水力高于100mg/kg半胱胺组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
牛磺酸对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究旨在探讨牛磺酸对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响。选用240只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的牛磺酸,试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加0.10%牛磺酸能够显著降低42日龄肉仔鸡胸肌失水率和粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),显著提高胸肌pH和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05);(2)添加0.15%的牛磺酸显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡胸肌率和瘦肉率(P<0.05),显著降低皮脂厚(P<0.05),显著提高胸肌pH和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05),显著降低胸肌粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);(3)0.20%的牛磺酸显著提高胸肌pH、肉色和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同铬源和铬水平对1~3周龄热应激肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体性能及肉品质的影响。选用1日龄科宝白羽雌雏肉仔鸡252只,随机分为7个组,每组设6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含铬0.37 mg/kg),试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮上添加0.4和2.0 mg/kg丙酸铬(Cr Pro)、吡啶甲酸铬(Cr Pic)和三氯化铬(Cr Cl3)的试验饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了热应激肉仔鸡的平均日增重(P0.05),但铬源、铬水平及二者互作对热应激肉仔鸡平均日采食量和料重比无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了热应激肉仔鸡的屠体率(P0.05);腹脂率受铬源的显著影响(P0.05),其中Cr Pro降低腹脂效果最好,Cr Cl3其次,Cr Pic效果最差;铬源、铬水平及二者互作对热应激肉仔鸡的活体重、屠体率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了热应激肉仔鸡胸肌肉色红度值(P0.05);胸肌蒸煮损失率受铬源的显著影响(P0.05);,其中Cr Pro与Cr Cl3的蒸煮率损失低于Cr Pic铬源、铬水平以及二者的互作对热应激肉仔鸡胸肌剪切力、p H15m in、p H24h和亮度值、黄度值无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加铬可以改善热应激肉仔鸡的生长性能、胴体性能及肉品质,且Cr Pro和Cr Cl3形式的铬的效果优于Cr Pic。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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