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1.
如皋鸡生长发育规律和体尺性状研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本试验对0～12周龄如皋鸡的体重生长规律及12周龄体尺性状进行了研究。结果表明：①1～12周龄公母鸡间体重存在极显著差异（P<0.01），公鸡的体重整齐度较差；②Gompertz模型能很好地描述鸡体重生长模式（R2＞0.996）,其生长拐点在6～7周龄，如皋鸡成熟体重和生长高峰体重的遗传力均为0.09，初生重估计值、平均生长速率、生长高峰周龄的遗传力分别为0.21、0.32、0.37；③用全同胞和半同胞2种遗传模型估计的体重方差组分及遗传力结果有明显差异。用全同胞遗传模型计算的公鸡体重遗传力明显高于母鸡（都是高遗传力），体重遗传力总体上随饲养周龄的增长呈下降趋势，随周龄增加母本效应越来越小，并且公鸡受母本效应的影响明显大于母鸡，用半同胞遗传模型计算的公鸡体重遗传力7周龄前小于母鸡，8～9周龄等于母鸡，10～12周龄大于母鸡；④12周龄体尺性状中除胸角性别间差异不显著（P>0.05）、公鸡胫色显著黄于母鸡（P<0.05）外，其他性状均为公鸡极显著大于（红于）母鸡（P<0.01）；⑤12周龄胸角与其它体尺性状表型相关都不显著（P>0.05），其余绝大部分性状间存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）相关。⑥活重、体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、胫围、冠长、冠高、冠色、胫色、胸角、胸宽的遗传力分别为0.53、0.11、0.64、0.92、0.42、0.16、0.15、0.52、0.25、0.16、0.40。 相似文献
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本文采用Gompertz模型对处于不同日粮代谢能水平下0～8周龄AA肉鸡的生长曲线进行分析和非线性曲线拟合研究。结果显示:1周龄前公鸡、母鸡均生长缓慢,1周龄后生长速率开始增加,5周龄左右达到增重高峰,对公鸡而言,7周龄后日粮中14.23、13.39MJ/kg和11.72MJ/kg代谢能组生长速率均较7周前变缓。母鸡与公鸡具有相似的生长趋势,但1～2周龄时母鸡比公鸡有较大的生长速率,表现在母鸡体重比公鸡体重较大(P0.05),3周龄后同一水平下母鸡的生长速率显著慢于公鸡生长速率(P0.05)。Gompertz方程能较好地拟合公鸡与母鸡的生长曲线,其中13.39MJ/kg代谢能组的极限体重最高,拟合度分别达到99.9%、99.6%,拟合效果最好。采用Gompertz模型对0～8周龄公鸡与母鸡生长曲线拟合的方程分别为:BWt=5262.19×e{-e[-0.044×(t-36.093)]}和BWt=4823.04×e{-e[-0.045×(t-34.960)]}。该模型可用于肉仔鸡潜在生长性能的预测。 相似文献
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中、后期肉鸡可消化蛋氨酸需求参数研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本试验通过研究日粮中可消化蛋氨酸水平对３周龄后肉鸡生长性能、血清尿素氮含量、氮平衡的影响来探讨中、后期肉鸡可消化蛋氨酸需求参数。基础日粮（玉米—豆粕型）中蛋氨酸的消化率采用去盲肠成熟种公鸡测定。消化试验测得基础日粮蛋氨酸的表观消化率为８２３５％（３～６周龄）、８３９３％（６～８周龄）；真消化率为９１１８％（３～６周龄）、９２１４％（６～８）周龄。本次试验的结果表明：在３～６周龄期间，公鸡日粮蛋氨酸总需求参数为０４２％，表观可消化蛋氨酸需求参数为０３６％，真可消化蛋氨酸需求参数为０３９％，母鸡则分别为０３８％、０３２％、０３５％；在６～８周龄期间，公鸡和母鸡的日粮蛋氨酸总需求参数为０３２％，表观可消化蛋氨酸需求参数为０２７％，真可消化蛋氨酸需求参数为０３０％ 相似文献
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旨在利用从山西省运城市国家级晋南牛遗传资源基因保护中心采集的2011—2021年564头晋南牛(公牛279头，母牛285头)共1 937条体重和体尺性状数据，对晋南牛初生、6、12、18、24月龄阶段体重和体尺性状进行遗传参数估计。本研究运用ASREML软件中的REML算法配合多性状动物模型，以出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应，估计晋南牛5个不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状的遗传力、遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明，出生年份对晋南牛不同生长阶段的体重和体尺性状有着极显著影响(P<0.01);出生季节和性别对晋南牛生长发育前期影响较小，对其生长发育后期有着较大影响。晋南牛初生至24月龄体重遗传力估计值范围为0.22～0.35,体高遗传力估计值范围为0.18～0.31,十字部高遗传力估计值范围为0.17～0.43,体斜长遗传力估计值范围为0.10～0.24,胸围遗传力估计值范围为0.22～0.29,腹围遗传力估计值范围为0.25～0.33,管围遗传力估计值范围为0.16～0.56。晋南牛不同生长阶段体重和体尺性状均呈现出较强的遗传正相关和表型正相关。其中遗传相关和表型相关的范围分别为0.37... 相似文献
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为研究雪峰乌骨鸡体重生长发育规律,选取雪峰乌骨鸡公母鸡各30只,分别在1~17周龄和上市日龄(126 d)称重,比较不同性别雪峰乌骨鸡的生长发育性能,利用Logistic曲线依次对不同性别的雪峰乌骨鸡体重进行拟合,得出公母鸡的生长拐点;分析1~13周龄公母鸡的体增重情况;分别对1~13周龄公母鸡体重与上市日龄体重进行相关分析,并对与上市日龄体重相关性显著的周龄体重进行回归分析。结果表明:雪峰乌骨鸡4周龄时公鸡体重显著高于母鸡(P0.05),5周龄及之后公鸡体重极显著高于母鸡(P0.01);1~5周龄公母鸡体重增加趋势基本一致,13周龄后公母鸡体重明显拉开差距。公母鸡Logistic曲线模型的拟合度均达到0.999,公鸡的生长拐点为10.1周龄,母鸡的生长拐点为8.9周龄。公母鸡平均日增重较高的时期分别为10~12周龄和8~12周龄,较低的时期均在2~4周龄;公母鸡绝对生长的高峰分别在9~11周龄和8~10周龄;公母鸡相对生长曲线均呈"反J形"。公鸡1~13周龄体重、上市日龄体重之间都呈极显著相关(P0.01);母鸡上市日龄体重与2~4周龄体重呈显著正相关(P0.05),与第1周龄和5~13周龄体重呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。结果显示,不同性别的雪峰乌骨鸡生长发育性能存在一定差异。Logistic曲线能较好地拟合雪峰乌骨鸡体重生长发育规律。 相似文献
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种公鸡日粮营养水平及其对繁殖性能影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用29～36周龄海赛克斯(褐色)蛋用型父母代种公鸡112只、种母鸡1024只,研究了种公鸡日粮营养水平及其对繁殖性能的影响。上述试鸡,种母鸡饲用同一蛋鸡料,种公鸡则分别给饲下列4种日粮:1.高CP(17.5％),高AA(0.86％L_(Ys),0.63％SAA),高Ca(3.7％)日粮;2.CP(12.5％),低AA(0.55％L_(YS),0.45％SAA),高Ca(3.7％)日粮; 3.低CP(12.5％), 低AA(0.55％ L_(Ys), 0.45％SAA), 低Ca(1.0％)日粮;4,同3,仅更换维生素-微量元素综合预混料。结果:1.采用低CP、低AA、高Ca或低CP、低AA、低Ca日粮时,种公鸡的精液品质、种蛋受精率、孵化率等均无异于用高CP、高AA、高Ca日粮者(P>0.05);2.采用种公鸡专用维生素-微量元素综合预流料,入孵蛋孵化率提高3.35％,日饲用低CP、低AA、低Ca日粮的种公鸡体增重(29～36周龄)大于用高CP、高AA、高Ca日粮者(P<0.05),其36周龄体重较接近于品种标准。 相似文献
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为研究种公鸡日粮对"京红1号"父母代种公鸡繁殖性能的影响,选取27周龄"京红1号"父母代种公鸡400只,随机分为2组,试验组饲喂种公鸡日粮,对照组饲喂"蛋1"种母鸡日粮,试验期9周。试验期间,监测各组"京红1号"父母代种公鸡的日耗料、周体重、采精量、精子密度、精子活力和种母鸡人工授精后各批次种蛋受精率。结果显示:试验组与对照组"京红1号"父母代种公鸡的日耗料、周体重差异不显著,但饲喂种公鸡日粮有降低"京红1号"父母代种公鸡采食量和控制体重的趋势;试验组"京红1号"父母代种公鸡的采精量、精子密度、精子活力和种蛋受精率显著或极显著高于对照组。试验表明,种公鸡日粮可显著提高"京红1号"父母代种公鸡的繁殖性能。 相似文献
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鸡种、日粮能量和日粮蛋白质对体尺性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过采用两种能量水平、三种蛋白质水平组成的6种日粮饲喂7周龄至12周龄的7个鸡种(含4个组合),研究有关因素对82日龄鸡体尺性状的影响。结果表明:①三个纯种鸡间的体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、胫围、胸宽、头宽差异显著,表现为隐性白羽鸡高于固始鸡,并都优于仙居鸡。②公、母鸡的体尺各性状间差异极显著,除胸角外,均表现为公鸡高于母鸡。③日粮能量对体尺各性状的影响不显著。④18.0％日粮蛋白质组的体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽均显著高于21.0％或15.1％日粮组。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献