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1.
灌水量对宁夏春小麦光合特性及产量构成因素的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国农学通报》2017,(34)
为揭示不同灌水量对不同年代春小麦光合特性及产量的影响,以5个不同年代宁夏春小麦品种(系)为试验材料,在宁夏灌区4种水分处理条件下,研究了灌水时期对不同年代宁夏春小麦品种光合生理指标及产量因子的影响。结果表明,不同时期灌水对春小麦叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)等生理指标均产生明显影响;T1、T2处理,‘毛火麦’和‘宁春27号’的叶绿素含量、Pn、WUE较高,在T1、T2和T3处理下其产量与其他品种(系)差异不显著。随着灌水量的增加,灌区品种(系)‘宁春4号’、‘宁春50号’和‘J63’的叶绿素含量、Pn、WUE高于‘毛火麦’和‘宁春27号’且产量正常灌水条件下显著高于其他处理。因此,宁夏灌区在保证分蘖期和拔节期灌水,增加抽穗期灌水,各品种(系)既保持较高水分利用效率,又可以获得较高的产量。 相似文献
2.
土壤水分胁迫对不同茶树品种光合作用及水分利用率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对华南茶区存在的季节性缺水问题,研究分析了不同茶树对土壤水分的适应性,为配套栽培措施提供理论依据。试验采用盆栽方法研究正常供水（土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的75%）、轻度水分胁迫(55%)、中度水分胁迫(35%)和重度水分胁迫(20%)条件下,5个茶树品种‘黄棪’、‘金萱’、‘英红九号’、‘鸿雁12号’、‘青心1号’1年生幼苗光合作用及其水分利用效率(WUE)的变化。结果表明,不同土壤水分处理对茶树净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、WUE等生理指标均产生明显影响;水分胁迫下茶树的Pn、Tr、Gs都下降,WUE均值的降幅比Pn的小。‘英红九号’在水分胁迫下Pn、WUE降低幅度均最大,T3处理时Pn的均值为1.47μmolCO2/(m2·s),比CK下降80%,WUE平均值比CK降低51.5%;生长在同一生境中的‘金萱’、‘鸿雁12号’、‘青心1号’对土壤水分的生态适应能力较强,‘英红九号’最弱,在进行品种推广时需注意相应栽培技术配套。 相似文献
3.
干旱胁迫对春小麦不同品种(系)苗期生理生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]为了比较不同小麦品种（系）的抗旱性,[方法]采用不同浓度PEG-8000溶液对7个春小麦品种（系）材料进行不同程度的水分胁迫处理,研究不同胁迫浓度（0,10%,20%,30%）和时间（第一天,第三天,第五天）对春小麦材料生理生化指标的影响。[结果]结果表明：随着干旱胁迫程度的增加和时间的延长,‘新春6号’的过氧化物酶活性较高和丙二醛含量积累速度较慢;‘4701’的脯氨酸含量积累速度较快;‘4501’在第Ⅴ天的30%浓度PEG-8000处理条件下可溶性糖含量最高。[结论]通过不同品种（系）在不同胁迫条件下4项生理生化指标的变化情况,筛选出‘新春6号’、‘4701’和‘4501’更适应干旱胁迫环境,为新疆春小麦苗期抗旱品种（系）的筛选提供理论基础。 相似文献
4.
不同小麦品种芽期耐盐性鉴定研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究不同小麦品种在芽期的耐盐性,本研究以6 种小麦品种为研究对象,用不同浓度NaCl （盐浓度分别为0%(CK)、1%、1.5%、2.0%）胁迫处理后,分别测定并分析小麦芽期的发芽率、芽长、根长、芽鲜重。试验结果表明：在盐胁迫下,不同小麦品种随着盐浓度的升高,小麦的发芽率、芽长、根长、芽鲜重都随之降低。其中,在高盐(1.5% NaCl)处理下,‘宁春4 号’、‘Drasdal’在芽期比较敏感,‘红芒麦’、‘毛火麦’在芽期表现出一定的耐盐性,‘宁春27号’、‘山融3号’表现出比较强的耐盐性。因此,在高盐胁迫下‘宁春27号’、‘山融3号’芽期具有较强的耐盐性。 相似文献
5.
冀西山区不同玉米品种苗期光合特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在冀西山区旱作玉米区选取6个品种研究玉米苗期的光合特性,分别测定了叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、光强-光合响应曲线(Pn-PAR)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和作物水分利用率(WUE)等指标,结果表明,不同品种苗期叶片叶绿素含量分为2组,叶绿素含量较高的品种为邢抗2号、承玉5号、泰玉2号、鲁单981,含量较低的品种为浚单20、郑单958。其中,组内品种叶绿素含量差异不显著,组间品种叶绿素含量差异达显著水平。在(2 526±23)μmol的自然光范围内,承玉5号的Pn分别比浚单20和郑单958高8.5%和8.4%,但不同品种间Pn差异不显著。不同品种的Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE随光量子通量密度(PPFD)的增加呈交错递增趋势,彼此间呈正相关关系。不同品种的Ci随PPFD的增加呈交错下降趋势。当PPFD为2 317μmol/(m.2s)时,各品种的Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci和WUE的排列顺序不完全一致。 相似文献
6.
为了在豫西地区筛选到适宜的青贮玉米品种，以‘郑青3号’、‘京科932’、‘川单99’、‘郑单958’和‘雅玉8号’（对照处理）为材料，通过分析不同品种抽雄吐丝期的光合特性指标和荧光特性指标，结合最终鲜干草产量以及籽粒产量结果进行适应性分析。结果表明：‘郑单958’和‘川单99’表现较好的光合性能，‘川单99’表现出较好的叶绿素荧光性能且具有较高的鲜草产量，‘郑单958’具有较高的籽粒产量。因此，‘川单99’是豫西地区种植较为适宜的青贮玉米品种，‘郑单958’则是豫西地区收获籽粒和青贮饲料均适宜的兼用型玉米品种。 相似文献
7.
研究春小麦‘宁春48号’早熟特点,旨在为宁夏引黄灌区早熟高产春小麦新品种选育和‘宁春48号’优良种质的利用提供理论依据。选取当地主推中晚熟品种‘宁春4号’作为对照,对‘宁春48号’的生育进程、幼穗分化及籽粒灌浆特性进行研究。结果表明,‘宁春48号’较对照‘宁春4号’提前7天成熟,主要体现在分蘖—拔节期、孕穗—抽穗期阶段持续天数较短,抽穗开花后灌浆持续天数没有缩短;幼穗分化在单棱期、二棱期、小花原基形成期持续时间缩短,造成‘宁春48号’穗长较短、小穗数和穗粒数较少;与‘宁春4号’相比,‘宁春48号’起始灌浆较早,灌浆持续时间较长,但灌浆速率整体上低于对照‘宁春4号’。试验认为,‘宁春48号’作为亲本使用时,应选择早熟、大穗、穗粒数多、高灌浆速率的种质材料进行组配;选择过程中,在保证后代材料早熟性及灌浆持续时间长的前提下,选择大穗、穗粒数多、高灌浆速率的后代材料。 相似文献
8.
水氮耦合对黍稷光合特性及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目前,水和肥已成为旱地农业发展的主要限制性因素。在干旱半干旱地区,研究水肥耦合对作物的光合特性及产量的影响,可以为旱作区农作物的高产、稳产提供一定的理论指导。以‘5283黄’和‘晋黍5号’两个黍稷品种为材料,通过盆栽试验,在黍稷全生育期设3个水分水平和3个氮素水平,研究水氮耦合对黍稷光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明：在灌水量相同的条件下,适量施氮均使黍稷叶绿素含量、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、可变荧光与最大荧光之比(Fv/Fm)、净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)升高,提高了叶片进行光合作用的能力;不同处理的Pn、气孔导度(Gs)、Fv/F0和Fv/Fm随着生育期的推进先升高后降低,表现为低—高—低的变化趋势,拔节期达最大值;叶绿素含量、Tr、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均随生育期的推进逐渐增大,抽穗期达最大值。重度水分胁迫下各处理受害程度显著高于其他水分处理,不施氮条件下的各处理受害程度大于其他施氮处理,且‘晋黍5号’对水分和氮素较为敏感。在重度水分胁迫(W1)和中度水分胁迫(W2)条件下,施用氮肥能明显缓解干旱胁迫带来的不利影响,同时在养分缺乏的地区,适量增加灌水量均可以明显改善黍稷叶片的光合能力,延缓叶片衰老,有利于作物维持较大的光合面积和较长的光合作用时间,改善籽粒特性和增加穗粒数,提高产量。 相似文献
9.
为了研究复盐胁迫对木薯幼苗光合特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响。本研究以‘华南8号’和‘桂热911’为代表试材，采用盆栽法，设置0 (CK)、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2 mol/L 5个复盐处理浓度，对不同浓度复盐处理后的木薯幼苗叶绿素含量、光合参数和抗氧化酶活性进行测定分析。结果表明，复盐胁迫下，‘华南8号’和‘桂热911’幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量呈先上升后下降的趋势，浓度为0.15 mol/L时叶绿素含量最高，分别是2.52 mg/g、2.35 mg/g；光合参数Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、WUE及Ls总体呈先上升后下降的趋势，低浓度复盐胁迫下光合速率‘华南8号’＞‘桂热911’，高浓度复盐胁迫下品种间差异不显著。相同浓度复盐胁迫下‘桂热911’的SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于‘华南8号’。综合NaCl-Na2SO4胁迫对‘华南8号’和‘桂热911’光合指标和抗氧化酶活性的影响，‘桂热911’对NaCl-Na2SO4胁迫的耐受性高于‘华南8号’。 相似文献
10.
为了解两个切花菊品种不同叶位同化能力的差异,比较不同叶位对弱光的适应能力,为设施栽培的生产管理提供理论依据,采用GFS-3000型便携式光合测定系统测定了2个切花菊品种‘神马’和‘优香’叶片的光合参数,并拟合了其光响应曲线。结果表明：除水分利用效率(WUE)外,‘神马’3个叶位叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs)平均值均高于‘优香’;但‘优香’不同叶位之间Pn值和WUE值差异较大,上位叶Pn值和WUE值达3.51μmolm-2s-1和2.47 mmolm-2s-1,为下位叶的6.26和8.23倍;说明随着叶龄的增加,‘优香’叶片的光合能力和水分利用效率明显下降。从最大光合速率(Pmax)和光饱和点(LSP)实测值和拟合值的比较看,直角双曲线修正模型对切花菊光响应曲线的拟合效果较好;且2个品种Pmax、表观量子效率(AQE)和LSP值变化趋势一致,即按叶位从上到小逐渐降低。‘优香’不同叶位之间Pmax差异较大,上位叶为下位叶的3倍,这与光合速率的变化趋势一致。‘神马’LSP值和AQE更高,因此对光照条件的适应范围更广,更适用于阳光大棚栽培。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献