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1.
芩花注射剂主要由黄芩、金银花、百部等组成。采取单因素试验筛选药物提取次数、提取时N／次、料液比,通过正交试验以绿原酸提取量为依据最后确定提取次数为2次、每次提取1h、料液比为1：10。采用HPLC法测定该注射液中黄芩苷和绿原酸含量,以峰面积（Y）对进样浓度（X）做线性回归,黄芩苷回归方程：Y=0．04X一14．78（r。=0．999）,绿原酸回归方程：Y=0．04X一10．73（r2=0．998）,精密度、回收率、重复性、稳定性等指标均符合含量测定要求。本方法准确度好且操作简便。经测定该注射液中黄芩苷和绿原酸的含量分别为3．292、0．860mg／mL。 相似文献
2.
为了考察膜分离技术对中药鱼腥草芩蓝水提液除杂效果的影响,以鱼腥草芩蓝水提液为研究对象,采用微滤、超滤和纳滤相结合的方式,对鱼腥草芩蓝水提液进行膜过滤除杂及膜浓缩工艺进行研究,并与传统水提醇沉工艺进行比较。结果显示,鱼腥草芩蓝水提液膜过滤除杂初滤、超滤和膜浓缩工艺的最佳孔径分别为:200 nm、50 kd和1.5 kd;膜过滤除杂所制备鱼腥草芩蓝口服液中绿原酸、黄芩苷平均含量分别为1.11、8.53 mg/m L,醇沉除杂工艺所制备鱼腥草芩蓝口服液中绿原酸、黄芩苷平均含量分别为0.95、5.34 mg/m L,且不同批次含量测定的RSD值均3%(n=3);膜过滤除杂工艺制备的样品进行蛋白质检测时未出现浑浊,醇沉除杂工艺制备的样品有浑浊出现;不同工艺制备的鱼腥草芩蓝口服液,稳定性均良好。综上所述,膜分离技术除杂所制备鱼腥草芩蓝口服液工艺稳定可靠、简便易行,且绿色、安全,显著降低生产成本,本文对工业化生产和推广具有指导意义。 相似文献
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4.
为了建立白虎定喘口服液的质量检测标准,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对处方中金银花、黄芩、知母、板蓝根进行鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对黄芩中有效成分黄芩苷进行含量测定。结果表明,薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离度好,特异性强;在0.103mg/mL~0.824mg/mL范围内黄芩苷浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,阴性对照无干扰,加样回收率平均为97.98%,精密度试验RSD为0.61%。说明建立的检测方法简便、准确、专属性强、重复性好,可对白虎定喘口服液的质量进行有效检测。 相似文献
5.
建立了控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量标准。采用薄层层析对颗粒中女贞子、金银花、黄芪、枸杞子进行了薄层鉴别以及双光束紫外-可见光分光光度法测定了颗粒中绿原酸的含量。结果显示,薄层鉴别方法专属性强,绿原酸在42.24～84.48μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线回归方程为：A=0.0053×C-0.0012（r=0.9999,n=5）;样品在24 h内稳定,RSD=0.733%;加样平均回收率为102.094%,RSD=0.499%;该方法精密度高,RSD=0.382%。本质量标准可有效控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量。 相似文献
6.
《中兽医医药杂志》2019,(5)
目的:建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定双黄连可溶性粉中绿原酸、黄芩苷、连翘苷3种成分的含量测定方法。方法:采用Waters XSelect CSH C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,测定绿原酸、连翘苷、黄芩苷的检测波长分别为326 nm(0～26 min)、230 nm(40～43 min)、277 nm(43～46 min)。结果:各待测组分分离度良好;绿原酸、连翘苷、黄芩苷3种成分的进样量分别在0.045 3～0.453 0μg(r=0.999 7),0.027 8～0.278 0μg(r=0.999 4),0.219 0～2.190 0μg(r=0.999 9)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;加样回收率(n=6)分别为98.0%(RSD=1.8%)、100.8%(RSD=2.0%)、99.3%(RSD=1.0%)。结论:本试验建立的含量测定方法符合方法学验证要求,可用于双黄连可溶性粉的3个指标性成分的同时测定。 相似文献
7.
《中兽医医药杂志》2019,(1)
目的:建立益肾清列口服液的质量标准。方法:采用TLC法对益肾清列口服液中白术、白芍、菟丝子定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对其中菟丝子中主要有效成分金丝桃苷进行含量测定。结果:方中各药TLC鉴别法分离好、专属性强、重现性好、阴性无干扰;HPLC法中,以金丝桃苷浓度为横坐标、相应峰面积为纵坐标得回归方程为Y=1.782×10~7X-3 736.7 (r=0.999 9),金丝桃苷浓度在0.005 15～0.103 00 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为97.9%,RSD为2.1%(n=6)。结论:该研究建立的定性定量方法分离好、专属性强、结果准确、重现性好,可有效控制益肾清列口服液质量。 相似文献
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建立了控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量标准.采用薄层层析对颗粒中女贞子、金银花、黄芪、枸杞子进行了薄层鉴别以及双光束紫外-可见光分光光度法测定了颗粒中绿原酸的含量.结果显示,薄层鉴别方法专属性强,绿原酸在42.24～84.48μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线回归方程为:A=0.0053×C-0.0012(r=0.9999,n=5);样品在24 h内稳定,RSD=0.733%;加样平均回收率为102.094%,RSD=0.499%;该方法精密度高,RSD=0.382%.本质量标准可有效控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量. 相似文献
10.
《中国兽医杂志》2016,(10)
为了建立同时测定银黄口服液中绿原酸和黄芩苷的高效液相色谱方法,采用Discovery C18柱(4.6×150 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10μL,检测波长327nm。结果目标峰分离度良好,绿原酸和黄芩苷的质量浓度与峰面积分别在1.00~20.05μg/mL(R~2=0.999 9)、10.07~201.55μg/mL(R~2=0.999 9)呈良好线性,平均加样回收率分别为99.90%和100.73%,标准偏差(RSD)均小于1.0%。表明此方法重复性好,专属性强,可准确、快速测定银黄口服液中的绿原酸和黄芩苷含量。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
18.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献