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1.
为了研究短串联重复序列(STR)基因座在亲权鉴定中的亲子关系相对概率及mtDNA D-Loop区遗传标记在单亲亲权鉴定中的应用,试验采用PCR技术扩增3头水牛BM2934、BM1862、ETH225、BM1818、INRA035、BM2113、CSRM60、TGLA227共8个STR基因座DNA,STR扩增产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测并计算单亲亲权指数(PI)和亲子关系相对概率(RCP),同时扩增3头水牛mtDNA D-Loop区基因片段并进行测序分析。结果表明:2头嫌疑后代中c1与母水牛m亲子关系概率为99.960 6%,两者mtDNA D-Loop区基因序列一致率为100%;微卫星基因座与mtDNA D-Loop区遗传标记检测结果一致,嫌疑后代c1为母水牛m的后代。说明STR基因座与mtDNA D-Loop区遗传标记均可用于单亲亲权鉴定,两种方法相结合提高了亲权鉴定的稳定性、准确性、灵敏度,鉴定范围更广,样品要求更低。 相似文献
2.
为了构建基于微卫星标记的中国荷斯坦种公牛亲子鉴定及个体识别技术平台,本研究选取国际动物遗传学会（ISAG）推荐的12个微卫星标记（BM1824,BM2113,SPS115,ETH10,TGLA122,ETH225,INRA023,TGLA126,TGLA227,BM1818,ETH003和TGLA53）,采用荧光标记毛细管电泳方法,对571头荷斯坦种公牛进行基因型检测。统计结果显示,标记的平均多态信息含量为0．700,平均杂合度为0．735,属于高多态性标记;12个标记的累积排除概率大于0．996,累积一致性概率为4．9×10^-13,将其运用于亲子鉴定和个体识别具有很强的检测效率。此外．通过分析每个标记的检测信号峰图特征,将检测结果与商业化试剂盒进行比较以及利用ISAG参考DNA样品进行等位基因统一命名等手段,建立了标准化的微卫星等位基因分型方法,并初步建立起中国荷斯坦种公牛遗传检测信息库。 相似文献
3.
为了构建北京奶牛中心荷斯坦种公牛个体及亲子鉴定DNA数据库,本研究从联合国粮农组织(FAO)和国际动物遗传学会(ISAG)推荐的具有高度多态性的微卫星标记中选取11个常染色体微卫星标记(BM1824、BM2113、ETH3、ETH10、ETH225、INRA023、SPS115、TGLA53、TGLA122、TGLA126和TGLA227),采用荧光引物PCR和ABI3730XL遗传分析仪,对229头荷斯坦种公牛个体基因型进行了检测,并探讨其用于牛个体识别和亲子鉴定的可行性。研究结果表明,11个微卫星标记平均杂合度为0.733,平均多态信息含量为0.695,其中TGLA122标记平均多态信息含量最高为0.866,SPS115标记最低为0.506,均属于高多态性标记。11个标记累积个体识别能力为99.99%,累积非父排除率达到99.99%,随机个体一致性概率为1.59×10-17。研究结果表明上述11个微卫星标记进行个体识别和亲子鉴定的效力与可靠性均很高,同时初步建立了北京奶牛中心荷斯坦种公牛DNA数据库。 相似文献
4.
《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(4)
旨在利用较少的经过优化的遗传标记组合达到快速高效的亲缘鉴定,最终可有效应用于奶牛群体亲子鉴定与系谱构建。本研究从国际动物遗传学会(ISAG)数据库中初步选择了18个多态性较高的微卫星位点,经PCR优化验证获得可高效扩增的8个位点,并检测其在300头中国荷斯坦牛群体中的多态性分布。这些微卫星位点的亲子鉴定效力检测结果表明,8个标记平均等位基因数为14.63,平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.747,群体平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.718,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.773。3种不同情形下进行亲子鉴定时8个位点的结合排除概率(CPE)均≥0.990。8对父子牛亲权鉴定结果表明,利用该8个标记可以识别并剔除系谱中的错误记录。结合排除概率的分析结果表明,当微卫星位点数增加至4个(TGLA227、TGLA122、BMC1207、BM103)时,3种不同情形下的CPE均≥0.949,可以满足个别案例牛亲子鉴定的要求。群体分子系谱构建的结果表明,当微卫星位点数大于或等于6个时,群体内近交系数和总群体近交系数均明显升高。因此,在生产实践中推荐使用TGLA227、TGLA122、BMC1207、BM103、INRA037、INRA134位点进行小规模群体(200)的分子系谱构建或亲权鉴定。 相似文献
5.
利用PCR技术和全自动毛细血管电泳法技术检测牦牛BM1818、BM1824、CSSM66、TGLA53、ETH10、TGLA126、INRA037、ILSTS006、ILST0013、ETH225等10个STR基因座的多态性分布,并计算该10个基因座的基因频率(Pi)、杂合度(H)和多态信息含量(PIC)等值。结果显示:68只牦牛的10个微卫星座位共检测到102个等位基因,平均为10.2;牦牛中10个STR基因座的平均多态信息含量为0.685,10个基因座的平均多态信息含量大于0.5。其中10个基因座的平均观望杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.7995、0.6154。属于高度杂合标记,遗传变异丰富。筛选出的10个STR基因座可用于牦牛遗传多样性、遗传结构分析及遗传图谱的构建等工作。 相似文献
6.
选用草原红牛及其与利木赞牛的杂交后代66头作为试验牛群体,提取血液及肝脏基因组DNA,设计8对微卫星引物进行PCR扩增,从分子水平上对草原红牛及其杂交群体8个位点的遗传多态性进行微卫星分析。结果表明,在草原红牛中,ETH225、IDVGA2、IDVGA46和IDVGA44等位基因数分别为5、4、3和4,多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0．5420、0．6736、0．5218和0．5750,这4个位点均为高度多态。而另4个位点BM2113、BM1824、IDVGA55和TGLA44等位基因数分别,2、2、2和5,多态信息含量分别为0．3698、0．3604、0．3538和0．4708,属于中度多态性位点。在杂交牛群体中,BM2113、ETH225、IDVGA2、IDVGA46、ID- VGA44、BM1824、IDVGA55和TGLA44这8个位点的等位基因数分别为4、5、4、4、5、4、4和6,多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0．6432、0．5943、0．6593、0．5794、0．7259、0．6121、0．6120和0．6204,杂合度为0．7034,均属于高度多态性位点。这些微卫星位点作为遗传标记应用于草原红牛遗传育种研究之中是可行的。 相似文献
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8.
草原红牛群体中微卫星DNA多态性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用草原红牛42头作为试验牛群体,经过牛血液基因组DNA的提取、8对微卫星引物的PCR扩增、扩增产物的聚丙烯酰胺电泳分型、UVIBAND计算机凝胶成像分析系统分析各位点等位基因及全部个体的标记基因型、PPAP3.0软件计算基因频率、多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度等步骤,从分子水平上分析了草原红牛在8个位点的遗传多态性。结果表明,ETH225、IDVGA2、IDVGA46和IDVGA44等位基因数分别为5、4、3和4,多态信息含量分别为0.542 0,0.673 6,0.521 8和0.575 0,这4个位点为高度多态位点。而另4个位点BM2113、BM1824、IDVGA55和TGLA44等位基因数分别2、2、2和5,多态信息含量分别为0.369 8,0.360 4,0.353 8和0.470 8,属于中度多态性位点。8个位点作为遗传标记应用于草原红牛遗传育种研究之中是可行的。 相似文献
9.
试验旨在基于微卫星（simple sequence repeats，SSR）多态性探索一种鉴定与划分湖羊家系的方法，通过查阅文献筛选出9个分布于多个常染色体、具有高多态性信息、高杂合度的湖羊微卫星位点BM3051、HH64、TGLA137、MAF33、FCB48、VH72、INRA023、ETH152和MCM527。采集30只湖羊种公羊血液，使用试剂盒提取血液基因组DNA，合成筛选出的9个微卫星引物并使用荧光基团标记，利用降落式PCR进行扩增，扩增产物在基因分型后使用CERVUS3.0.7进行基因型分析，使用POPGENE1.32基于Nei氏遗传距离构建树状聚类图，根据图示的亲缘关系远近划分湖羊家系。结果显示，当双亲基因型未知时，9个微卫星位点的单亲累积排除概率为99.2094%；当单亲基因型已知时，9个微卫星位点的累积排除概率为99.9688%；当双亲基因型未知时9个微卫星位点的双亲累积排除概率为99.9999%，排除概率能够满足遗传育种中亲子鉴定和系谱分析的要求。根据Nei氏遗传距离构建UPGMA聚类图，将30只种公羊划分为6个家系，为育种工作提供了一定参考。本方法能够进行湖羊家系的鉴定与划分，对湖羊育种工作具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
试验研究了181只罗曼诺夫羊,其中双羔84窝,3羔3窝,4羔1窝,用16试剂测得红血球抗原为6血型群系,用自动DNA大小技术,6个微卫星座位BMS360、INRA123、MCM 42、CSSM 66、ETH 225和TGLA 53被用作绵羊的基因分型,白细胞嵌合体细胞遗传学诊断,用牛的X和Y染色体印迹探针做荧光原位杂交(FISH).通过对产自双羔和多羔妊娠羊的试验羊血型的测定,检测出9例红细胞嵌合体.微卫星DNA序列分析说明13个动物出现细胞嵌合体.牛X和Y染色体的特定探针原位杂交结果表明,在54号染色体XX细胞产生了2个明亮的黄色荧光信号,在54号染色体XY细胞产生1个黄色和蓝色信号,可帮助诊断嵌合体. 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
13.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
14.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献