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草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取及其部分生物学性能 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
以草鱼鱼鳞为原料, 分别提取鱼鳞中的酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC)和酶溶性胶原蛋白(PSC), 着重开展了其包括热稳定性、体外酶降解性以及胶原海绵材料特性在内的相关研究, 并与哺乳动物来源的猪皮胶原(PC)相比较。实验结果表明, 制备所得的3种胶原蛋白均为典型的Ⅰ型胶原并具有完整的三螺旋结构; PC的热变性温度(41.6 ℃)明显高于ASC(34.8 ℃)和PSC(35.2 ℃); 3种胶原蛋白的体外酶降解性能受水解酶的种类、胶原蛋白提取方法、胶原蛋白来源、胶原蛋白受热历史以及蛋白的自组装程度影响。胶原蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对淡水鱼胶原均具有不同程度的降解能力, 但胶原蛋白酶的降解能力最强; 相同条件下, 3种胶原蛋白体外酶降解率依次为ASC>PSC>PC; 经热变性处理后胶原蛋白的体外酶降解率明显提高而经体外自组装处理后其体外酶降解率均出现不同程度的降低; 3种胶原样品冻干后得到的胶原海绵材料具有不同的机械性能和组织结构, ASC和PSC海绵是一种多孔但拉伸承受力较弱的海绵材料, 而PC则与之相反。 相似文献
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<正>2011年中国鱼类总产量3304万吨,其中鱼皮、鱼骨等加工废弃物达40%,鱼皮、鱼骨和鱼鳞中富含胶原蛋白,其中鱼皮胶原蛋白含量达80%、鱼鳞胶原蛋白含量超过20%,鱼鳞胶、鱼皮胶可起到龟板胶、阿胶等同样滋阴止血的功效。胶原蛋白是脊椎动物体内含量最丰富的蛋白质,由3条左手螺旋链相互缠绕成的右手螺旋结构,是细 相似文献
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《淡水渔业》2021,51(5)
草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)是中国重要的淡水养殖鱼类。近年来,随着养殖产量的提升,草鱼肌肉品质越来越受到人们的重视。不同的养殖模式对于草鱼的肌肉品质有着重要影响,本实验开展了种青养殖模式下草鱼肌肉胶原蛋白的相关研究,并与饲料养殖模式下的草鱼进行比较分析。本实验分别对两种养殖模式下的草鱼肌肉进行了组织学和肌膜微观结构观察、胶原蛋白含量测定和胶原蛋白相关基因的表达分析。组织学观察结果表明,与饲料养殖模式相比,种青养殖模式下草鱼的肌纤维直径和面积较小,肌膜较粗,肌膜中的胶原纤维更多且排列更加紧密有序。根据羟脯氨酸的测定结果显示,种青养殖模式下草鱼肌肉的胶原蛋白含量高于饲料养殖模式。胶原蛋白相关基因的表达分析结果表明,与饲料养殖模式对比,种青养殖模式下草鱼I型胶原蛋白相关合成基因col1α1、col1α2以及调控通路TGF-β1/smad中基因smad4的表达水平均显著升高。本实验结果表明,种青养鱼模式可使草鱼肌肉中的肌膜组织增粗,同时肌膜组织中胶原纤维增多且排列紧密,提升草鱼肌肉中胶原蛋白含量及胶原相关基因的表达水平。 相似文献
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最近，鱼鳞综合加工流水线在上海青浦投产，每月可加工40-50t的鱼鳞废弃物，生产出胶原蛋白、明胶、动物饲料等一系列高附加值产品。据报道，1t鱼鳞产生经济效益近2．5万元。第一步工艺首先将鱼鳞分离成蛋白质和钙，蛋白质要提取胶原蛋白，加工成胶原蛋白多肽产品或明胶。胶原蛋白多肽呈粉末状，可用作化妆品原料，对皮肤、头发有保护作用，也可作食品添加剂。1t鱼鳞可提取25％的胶原蛋白多肽产品或明胶，销售额超过2万元。 相似文献
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中华鳖裙边胶原蛋白的提取及其特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
胶原蛋白是生物体内一种重要的蛋白质,也是结缔组织的主要蛋白成分。与陆生动物(如猪、牛等)比较,水生动物胶原蛋白具有优良的理化性质和生理活性功能,已引起人们的广泛关注。中华鳖是我国传统的名贵水产品,其裙边胶原蛋白含量丰富,具有极高的药用价值和营养价值。采用胃蛋白酶酶解法在酸性条件下提取中华鳖裙边胶原蛋白,研究酶添加量、底物浓度、提取时间对提取效果的影响,确定了制备裙边胶原蛋白的最适条件为：酶添加量4 mg/mL,底物浓度4%,提取时间14 h。粗提胶原蛋白通过盐析、透析等纯化步骤,再经SDS-PAGE电泳、热变性温度测定、紫外及傅立叶变换红外扫描等技术方法分析了胶原蛋白的生化特征,结果显示提取到的裙边胶原蛋白具有较高的纯度,含有两条α链和1条β链,属于典型的I型胶原蛋白。研究表明：中华鳖裙边胶原蛋白可以作为猪皮、牛皮胶原蛋白的有效替代品,这为今后进一步综合开发利用鳖类裙边胶原多肽提供了科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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交联方法对草鱼皮胶原蛋白海绵生物学性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同交联方法对草鱼皮胶原蛋白海绵材料性能的影响,实验以草鱼鱼皮为原料,提取、纯化胶原蛋白并制备胶原海绵材料.在此基础上,分别用紫外交联、热交联、戊二醛交联以及EDC/NHS交联方法处理胶原海绵,通过测定材料的交联度、热变性温度、拉伸强度和体外抗酶降解性能,比较了不同方法的交联效果.结果发现,提取所得的草鱼皮胶原蛋白为典型的Ⅰ型胶原;经不同方法交联处理后,海绵材料交联度依次为戊二醛(72.0％) ＞EDC/NHS(32.5％)＞热交联(29.9％)＞紫外交联(15.6％);与对照胶原材料相比,戊二醛处理后,胶原材料的热变性峰值温度(67.4℃)、最大拉伸强度(125.6 kPa)和体外抗酶降解性能均有显著提升(P＜0.05);EDC/NHS处理后,胶原材料的热变性焓显著提升(6.86 J/g),同时材料的拉伸强度(98.6 kPa)和体外抗酶降解性能也得到适度增加(P＜0.05).紫外交联和热交联对草鱼皮胶原材料性能的改善作用比较有限,并可能导致胶原分子的部分变性.红外光谱的分析结果表明,戊二醛处理可导致草鱼皮胶原三螺旋分子内产生新的共价键交联从而使材料性能改善,而EDC/NHS处理主要导致胶原分子间产生新的氢键交联并可提高胶原材料的稳定性.研究表明,戊二醛和EDC/NHS交联能有效提高胶原海绵材料的性能,而热交联和紫外交联对材料性能的改善作用非常有限. 相似文献
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为保证鱼鳞胶原蛋白产品的质量安全,文章阐述了酶法生产鱼鳞胶原蛋白的工艺流程,并制定了原料内控标准、关键工序生产控制标准和产品的企业标准,建立了鱼鳞胶原蛋白产品从原料验收到成品包装的全过程质量控制体系。实践表明,该质量体系实施的结果即鱼鳞胶原蛋白成品的指标均符合企业标准的要求。 相似文献
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仿刺参胶原蛋白的提取及理化性质 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对仿刺参（Stichopus japonicus）胶原蛋白的提取及理化性质进行了研究。结果表明，低温提取可得到胃蛋白酶促溶且去除端肽(telopeptide)的酸溶性胶原蛋白（PSC）。紫外-可见扫描测得PSC的最大吸收峰位于220 nm；氨基酸分析发现，在1 000个总氨基酸残基中，甘氨酸为329个，羟脯氨酸为66个，羟脯氨酸与脯氨酸之比为0.69，酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸及组氨酸的含量较低，可能不含胱氨酸，这些特性均符合Ⅰ型胶原的特征。差示量热扫描法（DSC）测定仿刺参PSC的热稳定性温度（Ts）为57 ℃，低于牛皮Ⅰ型胶原5 ℃；苯酚-硫酸及次甲基蓝法测得PSC的总糖及粘多糖含量分别为0.61％及0.48％；经DEAE52纯化后，可得到除去粘多糖的蛋白纯品。SDS-PAGE显示，本研究所提取的仿刺参PSC不含杂蛋白，主要成分为胶原β及α链，含少量γ链；其中α链类似于脊椎动物Ⅰ型胶原α1链，PSC分子组成为（α1）3。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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