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益生肠球菌应用于断奶仔猪的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
仔猪早期断奶腹泻是困扰养猪业的严重问题,随着饲用抗生素作为饲料添加剂的禁止使用,寻求能够替代抗生素的新的生长促进剂成为研究的热点.益生肠球茵主要应用于医疗保健行业,研究主要集中在粪肠球菌(Engerococcuw faecalis)和屎肠球茵(Enterococcus faecium),有关益生肠球菌作为饲料添加荆在动物饲料中的应用也逐渐引起了人们的关注,对其作用机制及有效包被技术的研究已取得了一些进展.通过介绍益生肠球茵在动物饲养,尤其是断奶仔猪中的应用现状和存在问题,以亟为该领域的研究提供参考. 相似文献
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仔猪的断奶腹泻是仔猪生产中最为常见且亟待解决的问题.抗生素是20世纪最重要的发现之一,在21世纪被广泛应用于动物的疾病治疗,尤其是针对仔猪断奶后产生的腹泻等疾病.然而近年来,抗生素的大量使用甚至滥用造成了动物机体对抗生素的耐药性,这一现象在全世界范围引起了人们的高度关注.因此,用新型饲料添加剂替代抗生素在动物饲料中的使用成为了最新的研究热点.最新发现的抗生素替代物主要包括:酶制剂、 益生元、 益生素、 矿物质、 酸化剂、 植物以及植物提取物等.它们作为新型的饲料添加剂,从不同程度上能够对动物的机体免疫功能和肠道微生物产生一定的影响.本文主要针对新型饲料添加剂的使用和作用特点进行综述,并且阐述了以上添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道功能的影响. 相似文献
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肠道功能的正常，对新生仔猪和断奶仔猪至关重要。而营养物质对仔猪肠道生长发育的影响是显而易见的。肠道只有发育得正常、及时，才可以保证动物体内营养物质消化、吸收、免疫这些适应性功能的正常出现。仔猪出生时肠道重量只占体重的2％，到两周后断奶时则达到体重的6％，增长了3倍，可见营养物质在其中发挥了关键作用（Shields等，1983；Mitchell等，2001）。专家指出，哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪是养猪生产的两个关键环节，其中仔猪断奶前死亡75％发生在出生后头一周，85％发生在头两周，95％发生在头三周。其中因饥饿与腹泻造成的死亡多与新生仔猪营养不良以及胃肠道功能异常有关。研究发现，肠道营养调节物质对新生仔猪的生长和消化系统的发育起着关键作用。在过去的几十年里，抗生素在调理仔猪胃肠功能，降低仔猪死亡率方面发挥了重要作用，但与此同时，由于衍生大量的耐药茵和对生态系统平衡构成了威胁等因素．由于抗生素的应用，使人类医治细菌传染性疾病的难度也越来越大，人们对饲用抗生素的反对意识日趋强烈。饲用抗生素的应用在全世界范围内受到限制。我国作为世界畜牧生产大国，开展此项工作显得尤为迫切和紧急。养殖业面临未来饲用抗生素禁用的压力，所以开展饲用抗生素以及饲用抗生素替代品对仔猪肠道的作用机制的研究，显得尤为迫切。随着欧盟全面禁止抗生素物在饲料中的使用，功能性饲料添加剂作为促生长荆的替代物质，这些物质可以充分刺激仔猪的肠道局部防御反应，并且对宿主的微生物区系产生影响，从而为仔猪阶段能建立起正常、及时的肠道提供了必要的物质保障。可以预见，饲用抗生素的替代者功能性饲料添加剂，在未来的畜牧生产中将发挥重要作用。目前，已有多种具有营养和细胞保护作用的饲料添加剂应用于养猪生产。
本文针对当前研究热点的几种功能性饲料添加剂（如谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、核苷酸、益生茵、益生元）的作用机制和作用效果进行论述。期望以仔猪作为动物模型，为养殖企业（户）的科学健康饲养，提供参考。 相似文献
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王文君 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》1999,(5):20-21
禁止将抗生素作为常规饲料添加剂用于家禽饲料,引起了一片混乱,尤其在肉鸡生产者中间更是这样。饲养者和添加剂生产商正急切地想找到抗生素的替代品。研究结果表明,在很大程度上可用乳酸替代抗生素的促生长特性许多种细菌都可产生乳酸,其中主要的是乳酸杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、链球菌属、片球菌属和嗜柠檬酸明串珠球菌属的细菌。乳酸是某些饲料的天然成分,并且是应用最早的防腐剂之一。乳酸的抗微生物作用主要是针对细菌,许多霉菌和酵母都能代谢乳酸。在养猪生产中,人们已经知道有机酸的酸化作用可以减轻仔猪断奶后的消化紊乱。这表明,… 相似文献
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肠道功能的正常,对新生仔猪和断奶仔猪至关重要。而营养物质对仔猪肠道生长发育的影响是显而易见的。肠道只有发育得正常、及时,才可以保证动物体内营养物质消化、吸收、免疫这些适应性功能的正常出现。仔猪出生时肠道重量只占体重的2%,到两周后断奶时则达到体重的6%,增长了3倍,可见营养物质在其中发挥了关键作用(Shields等,1983;Mitchell等,2001)。专家指出,哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪是养猪生产的两个关键环节,其中仔猪断奶前死亡75%发生在出生后头一周,85%发生在头两周,95%发生在头三周。其中因饥饿与腹泻造成的死亡多与新生仔猪营养不良以及胃肠道功能异常有关。研究发现,肠道营养调节物质对新生仔猪的生长和消化系统的发育起着关键作用。在过去的几十年里,抗生素在调理仔猪胃肠功能,降低仔猪死亡率方面发挥了重要作用,但与此同时,由于衍生大量的耐药菌和对生态系统平衡构成了威胁等因素,由于抗生素的应用,使人类医治细菌传染性疾病的难度也越来越大,人们对饲用抗生素的反对意识日趋强烈,饲用抗生素的应用在全世界范围内受到限制。我国作为世界畜牧生产大国,开展此项工作显得尤为迫切和紧急。养殖业面临未来饲用抗生素禁用的压力,所以开展饲用抗生素以及饲用抗生素替代品对仔猪肠道的作用机制的研究,显得尤为迫切。随着欧盟全面禁止抗生素物在饲料中的使用,功能性饲料添加剂作为促生长剂的替代物质,这些物质可以充分刺激仔猪的肠道局部防御反应,并且对宿主的微生物区系产生影响,从而为仔猪阶段能建立起正常、及时的肠道提供了必要的物质保障。可以预见,饲用抗生素的替代者功能性饲料添加剂,在未来的畜牧生产中将发挥重要作用。目前,已有多种具有营养和细胞保护作用的饲料添加剂应用于养猪生产。本文针对当前研究热点的几种功能性饲料添加剂(如谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、核苷酸、益生菌、益生元)的作用机制和作用效果进行论述。期望以仔猪作为动物模型,为养殖企业(户)的科学健康饲养,提供参考。 相似文献
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Probiotic feed additives have to undergo a strict assessment according to EU regula-tions, including the evaluation of the influence on the gut microflora of the host animal. A probiotic strain of the genus Enterococcus faecium and two different host animal species, young calves and newly hatched turkeys, were chosen as a test model for the establishment of schemes for feeding trials. Investigations included faeces samples and pooled swab samples of faeces as well as samples from gut sections derived from diagnostic slaughtering. The samples were tested for aerobic total count, for enterococci count and for Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli. The test schemes were appropriate for the evaluation of the influence of the probiotic feed additive on the physiological gut microflora of the host animals. Additional information could be gathered concerning safety aspects and effectiveness. 相似文献
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替代抗生素饲料添加剂研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(3):39-42
抗生素作为主要的饲料添加剂在几十年的广泛应用过程中造成了致病菌耐药性增强、动物免疫力降低、影响动物疫苗的效价、通过食物链影响人体健康等亟待解决的问题。我国农业农村部已发布公告,自2020年起我国饲料全面禁止添加使用抗生素类添加剂,饲料行业正式进入“无抗时代”。长期以来,研究人员积极寻求研发各种抗生素替代品及绿色无害的饲料添加剂,以消除或减轻禁用抗生素带来的一系列影响。就目前主要抗生素替代品的抗菌特点及抗菌机理进行综述,旨在为“禁抗”后抗菌性添加剂在饲料中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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Probiotic microorganisms are frequently in use as feed additives for farm and pet animals. For admission for the common market products have to be tested according to the feed additive directive 70/524/EC. The dossier for admission has to comprise data of efficiency as laid down in the directive 87/153/EC. During the last years it became obvious after the evaluation of several dossiers, that no definitive criteria for the assessment of efficacy were available for dogs, cats and horses (84/153/EC). Aspects like the promotion of animal production are not relevant in this context. Therefore, the European commission launched the directive for the evaluation of efficacy of microorganisms for dogs, cats and horses, that supports the evaluation of microbial feed additives and which is described in this paper. 相似文献
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Philip A Thacker 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(2):115-126
In the past two decades, an intensive amount of research has been focused on the development of alternatives to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. The most widely researched alternatives include probiotics, prebiotics, acidiflers, plant extracts and neutraceuticals such as copper and zinc. Since these additives have been more than adequately covered in previous reviews, the focus of this review will be on less traditional alternatives. The potential of antimicrobial peptides, clay minerals, egg yolk antibodies, essential oils, eucalyptus oil-medium chain fatty acids, rare earth elements and recombinant enzymes are discussed. Based on a thorough review of the literature, it is evident that a long and growing list of compounds exist which have been tested for their ability to replace antibiotics as feed additives in diets fed to swine. Unfortunately, the vast majority of these compounds produce inconsistent results and rarely equal antibiotics in their effectiveness. Therefore, it would appear that research is still needed in this area and that the perfect alternative to antibiotics does not yet exist. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2021,(3)
Due to ban on using antibiotics in feed industry, awareness of using natural feed additives have led to a great demand. The interest of plants phenolic compounds as a potential natural antioxidant source has been considered in research community due to their predictable potential role as feed additives in poultry and swine production.However, the mode of action for their functional role and dosage recommendation in animal diets are still remain indistinct. Taking into account, the present review study highlights an outline about the mode of action of phenolic compound and their experimental uses in poultry and swine focusing on the growth performance, antioxidant function, immune function, antimicrobial role and overall health status, justified with the past findings till to date.Finally, the present review study concluded that supplementation of phenolic compounds as natural feed additives may have a role on the antioxidant, immunity, antimicrobial and overall production performance in poultry and swine. 相似文献
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Philip A Thacker 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,4(1):35
In the past two decades, an intensive amount of research has been focused on the development of alternatives to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. The most widely researched alternatives include probiotics, prebiotics, acidifiers, plant extracts and neutraceuticals such as copper and zinc. Since these additives have been more than adequately covered in previous reviews, the focus of this review will be on less traditional alternatives. The potential of antimicrobial peptides, clay minerals, egg yolk antibodies, essential oils, eucalyptus oil-medium chain fatty acids, rare earth elements and recombinant enzymes are discussed. Based on a thorough review of the literature, it is evident that a long and growing list of compounds exist which have been tested for their ability to replace antibiotics as feed additives in diets fed to swine. Unfortunately, the vast majority of these compounds produce inconsistent results and rarely equal antibiotics in their effectiveness. Therefore, it would appear that research is still needed in this area and that the perfect alternative to antibiotics does not yet exist. 相似文献