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1.
太湖主要鱼类食物组成 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据2004年9-12月和2005年4月的调查,研究了太湖8种鱼的食物组成.结果表明:优势种鲚主要摄食枝角类、占食物个数比例89.77%±13.69%;太湖新银鱼主要摄食桡足类、占个数比例70.11%±10.57%;鲢、鳙主要摄食微囊藻、占食物体积比例90%以上;鲤食物中水生植物约占体积比例70%;鲫主要摄食微囊藻、占体积比例93.99%±3.34%;翘嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌主要摄食鲚和小型鱼类.分析认为,随着太湖富营养化程度不断加重,以蓝藻为主的浮游植物食性鱼产力在快速增加,但实际渔获量以浮游动物食性鱼类为主.如2003年浮游植物食性鱼产力为10234t、占总鱼产力37.0%.而2004年实际渔获量中浮游动物食性鱼类占80%-90%,浮游植物食性鱼类渔获量仅3637.7t、占10.9%.因此,太湖现有鱼类群落组成和实际饵料构成是不吻合的.不仅如此,浮游动物食性鱼类数量的快速增加对浮游动物形成了巨大牧食压力,这更利于藻类繁殖.太湖鲫几乎完全以微囊藻为食物,可能对蓝藻暴发有抑制作用,应重新评价其对环境的影响. 相似文献
2.
太湖鲌鱼数量变化规律及生态效应分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过2003~2005年的食性分析和渔获物组成调查,研究了太湖翘嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌数量变化的规律及在鱼类群落演替过程的作用。食性分析表明:太湖翘嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌主要摄食鲚鱼,其次是小型鱼类和虾。其中鲚鱼在翘嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌消化道的出现率分别为95.24%、59.26%;在翘嘴红鲌食物中的重量组成比例为59.2%±11.4%。渔获量统计表明:1952~1958年鲌鱼平均年产量为406.4±102.5 t、占渔获总量的6.28%±0.85%;1987年达到历史最高产量1 090.8 t、占渔获总量7.65%;1993年后鲌鱼资源在快速减少,由1993年的922.3 t、占6.55%下降到近年的100~160 t、仅占渔获总量的0.4%~0.8%。2004年调查表明,在74 667kg渔获物中,翘嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌仅占0.0038%。分析历年渔获量变化趋势发现,随着鲌鱼数量的不断减少,鲚鱼和小型其它鱼类均呈相反的快速增加趋势,而银鱼则有大体一致的持续下降趋势。简单相关和偏相关分析发现,鲌鱼-鲚鱼、鲌鱼-小型鱼类渔获量的负相关关系达到显著水平;鲌鱼-银鱼渔获量的正相关关系达到显著水平。研究认为:太湖翘嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌对鲚鱼和小型鱼类有很强的抑制作用,对银鱼可能有间接促进作用;人为过度捕捞使翘嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌数量不断减少,从而导致鱼类群落向鲚鱼为绝对优势种、小型鱼类不断增加的方向变化。鲚鱼和小型鱼类主要摄食浮游动物,其快速增加抑制了浮游动物、有利于浮游植物生长,这是太湖蓝藻频繁暴发的生物学因素之一。 相似文献
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为了分析傀儡湖鱼类对水环境的影响,于2010年1-12月研究了傀儡湖的渔获量、组成比例和主要鱼类食物组成.结果表明,傀儡湖渔获物中,发现有9科、26种鱼类,其中鲤科鱼类最多,有18种,占鱼类种数的69.23％;鱼类组成中,鲢和鳙为优势种,分别占总渔获量的(20.82±8.06)％和(41.58 ±19.24)％;主要鱼类的食物组成中,优势种鲢、鳙摄食浮游植物,以蓝藻门和硅藻门为主,摄食的浮游动物中以枝角类为主,鳡和翘嘴鲌等肉食性鱼类主要摄食鱼类和虾类.傀儡湖鱼类种类较少,可能是因为投放鱼苗种类单一以及鳡对其它鱼类造成危害所致;鱼类生物量偏高,主要由于鳙投放数量过多造成的;底层鱼类数量偏多.根据Shapiro经典生物操纵理论,应该减少鳙的鱼种投放量,增加浮游动物数量,从而控制浮游植物的生长,以达到改善水质和恢复鱼类资源的效果. 相似文献
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为了分析富营养化条件下巢湖主要鱼类对饵料资源的利用情况及对环境的影响,于2007年5～9月粗略观察了鲢、鳙的食物组成,在10～11月用个数组成比例和重量组成比例定量分析了鲢、鳙的食物组成,测定了其生长指标,并结合巢湖历年鱼类渔获量统计资料,分析了巢湖鲢、鳙渔获量变化的趋势和原因.结果表明:在富营养化条件下,巢湖的鲢、鳙都以蓝藻为主要食物.其中,在5～9月份鲢、鳙的食物几乎全部是蓝藻,仅有零星浮游动物出现;在10～11月份,鲢、鳙食物中微囊藻占个数组成比例和重量组成比例的95%以上,而浮游动物很少.生长指标测定表明:以蓝藻为主要食物的巢湖鲢、鳙生长很快,主要捕捞个体的2+龄鳙平均体重为(2 685±551)g,2+龄鲢为(2 278±527)g.渔获量统计资料显示:巢湖鲢、鳙渔获量维持在较低水平,1989～2007年平均波动在(231.60±123.60)t,仅占总渔获量的(2.40±0.58)%.分析认为:在富营养化条件下,巢湖鲢、鳙主要摄食微囊藻,并且生长很快.巢湖中捕食鲢、鳙的凶猛鱼类很少,而富营养化导致的蓝藻经常性暴发为其提供了充足饵料,因此具备发展鲢、鳙的良好生态条件,但苗种放养量不足导致其渔获量较低. 相似文献
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太湖鲢、鳙的食物组成及渔获量变化原因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过食物组成分析,并结合多年渔获量统计和环境监测资料,就太湖鲢、鳙鱼渔获量变化的原因及对环境的影响进行了分析。结果表明:在9~12月份期间,微囊藻约占鲢、鳙食物体积比的90%以上;鲢、鳙渔获量在1983~2004年期间波动在(1305.4±380.0)t,占鱼类总产量的(7.18±3.32)%,其中仅1984、1985年接近2000 t。在富营养化条件下,太湖鲢、鳙鱼主要摄食微囊藻。影响其产量变化的主要原因是苗种放养量不足、捕捞强度过高和富营养化提供了充足饵料。提高鲢、鳙放养量,不仅可以利用富营养化条件下的微囊藻饵料资源,而且可以抑制太湖蓝藻暴发。 相似文献
7.
黄壁庄水库鱼类构成及变化情况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对黄壁庄水库鱼类种群结构采样调查,分析黄壁庄水库鱼类构成及经济鱼类变化的情况。1999年以前,主要的经济鱼类为鲢、鳙、鲫和鲤,2010年以后,新出现的品种为太湖新银鱼、大银鱼、池沼公鱼、鱵鱼和翘嘴红鲌,其中大银鱼和池沼公鱼成为黄壁庄水库最主要的经济鱼类。 相似文献
8.
太湖湖鲚渔获量及年龄结构变化与环境间的相互关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在太湖,随着鱼类总渔获量的不断增加和鱼类种类的不断减少,湖鲚(Coilia ectenestaihuensis Yen et Lin),一种小型浮游动物食性鱼类已成为绝对优势种.根据1952-2004年的统计数据和2003-2005年对湖鲚年龄结构和食物组成的调查,研究了湖鲚快速增加的原因以及与环境间的相互关系.结果如下:(1)在1952到2004年期间,湖鲚渔获量从1952年的640.5 t、占总渔获量的15.8%上升到2004年的21 221 t、占63.8%.尤其是1994年后湖鲚渔获量以每年1280.5 t的速度增加;(2)湖鲚种群年龄结构低龄个体呈现不断增加趋势.1979和1980年0 个体仅占33%和34%,而2003和2004年0 个体分别上升到99.04%和99.08%;(3)0 湖鲚主要摄食浮游动物.按照个数组成比例计算,枝角类平均占89.77%±13.69%、桡足类占7.84%±11.53%、轮虫仅占2.39%±4.95%.分析认为:江湖阻隔、过度捕捞、富营养化不断加重等人类活动以及太湖特有的鱼类生态学特点是导致湖鲚渔获量不断增加、年龄结构发生变化的根本原因.随着湖鲚数量的快速增加,在湖鲚生长期间太湖浮游动物现存量呈现相应下降趋势,这可能使太湖浮游植物更易暴发. 相似文献
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鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)是滤食性鱼类,具有净化水体的作用。从2007年开始,贵阳市每年向红枫湖投放500万鲢、鳙进行水体富营养化的治理。为了分析红枫湖鲢、鳙对饵料资源的利用情况,在2010年10-11月研究了鲢、鳙的摄食强度,在2011年5-6月研究了鲢、鳙的摄食强度、食物组成及比例等方面。结果表明:鲢、鳙的总摄食率分别为98.00%、96.93%;冬季鲢、鳙的饱满指数范围分别为44.13～99.79%、46.12～127.00%,春季鲢、鳙的饱满指数范围为53.27～245.14%、49.94～234.32%,鲢、鳙春季的饱满指数显著高于冬季。在食物组成上,鲢的肠道有36种藻类,鳙的肠道有31种藻类。从个数比例来看,鲢、鳙食物中浮游植物占个数组成比例的99%以上,浮游动物很少;但从重量比例来看,浮游动物在鲢、鳙体内分别占(50.993±2.214)%、(90.799±2.321)%。选择性指数E表明鲢对蓝藻门的浮游植物有较大的选择性。 相似文献
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1985年10月至1987年3月,在宿鸭湖水库采集到鱼类标本500余号,共计55种,隶属5目12科40属,其中有4种在河南省属首次报道。宿鸭湖水库鱼类种类组成的特点是鲤科中鲌亚科(11个种)和鮈亚科(10个种)占优势,鲴亚科仅有1种.主要经济鱼类有鲢、鳙、鲤、鲫、鳊、翘嘴红鲌等6种,它们的年龄组成大都趋于低龄化、简单化。鲢、鳙的生长明显低于一般平原湖泊型水库.合理调整水库鱼类种群结构是提高水库鱼产量的重要措施. 相似文献
11.
Nuhman Usman Bambang Irawan Agoes Soegianto 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(4):547-556
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration. 相似文献
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Changes in the intestinal bacterial community during the growth of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this study, we documented the changes in the intestinal bacterial community at four stages in Litopenaeus vannamei: 14 days postlarvae (L14) and 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐month old juveniles (J1, J2, J3), using 454 pyrosequencing techniques. The intestinal bacterial community was dominated by three bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria at all stages. However, the relative abundance and bacterial lineages varied at the family level. The intestinal bacterial community of L14 and J1 was similar, with dominant members belonging to the Comamonadaceae of Betaproteobacteria. Conversely, bacterial members affiliated to Flavobacteriaceae of Bacteroidetes were dominant in J2 and Vibrionaceae of Gammaproteobacteria was dominant in J3. The abundance of Microbacteriaceae of Actinobacteria also fluctuated during the four stages. Bacterial members of Flavobacteriaceae and Rhodobacteraceae (Alphaproteobacteria) were present through all growth stages, and likely form the intestinal core microbiome of L. vannamei. However, they varied at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level through the growth stages. The intestinal bacterial community of pond‐rearing shrimp included the three main bacterial phyla identified above, and an additional group, Mycoplasmataceae of Mollicutes. Our results demonstrate that the intestinal bacterial community of L. vannamei was highly dynamic during the growth stages. Bacterial members belonging to Commamonadaceae dominated in the earlier growth stage of shrimp, possibly influenced by feeding with Artemia nauplii, but there was a shift to Flavobacteriaceae in the mid and Vibrionaceae in the late growth stages. 相似文献
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Volodymyr Bondarenko Miroslav Blecha Tomas Policar 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(6):1591-1597
Sexually mature males (BW?=?1600?±?150 g and TL?=?235?±?30 mm) of northern pike (Esox lucius L.) were randomly selected from a pond to record changes in their sperm quality parameters (spermatozoa morphology, sperm volume, density, and motility parameters) during the spawning season. The morphological and motility parameters changed significantly during the reproductive season with following trends. Only, head width was not changed during the spawning season. The longest spermatozoa and its flagellar length were found at the middle of spawning period (TL?=?38.24?±?0.37 μm and 35.14?±?0.26 μm) and shortest at the beginning of spawning period (TL?=?34.81?±?0.29 μm and 32.53?±?0.18 μm). Other morphological characters were always the lowest at the beginning of spawning period. Sperm volume was changed from 0.33?±?0.3 ml in February, 0.43?±?0.2 ml in March to 0.24?±?0.1 ml in April, and density from 16.2?±?0.2?×?109 spermatozoa ml?1 in February, 19.4?±?0.2?×?109 spermatozoa ml?1 in March to 4.8?±?0.2?×?109 spermatozoa ml?1 in April. Same sperm velocity was observed in all spawning terms at 10 and 20 s after activation. Higher velocity was found at 30 and 40 s after activation in sperm collected at the middle and the end of spawning period. Significantly, higher percentage of motile sperm was observed at 20, 30, and 40 s after activation in sperm sampled at the end of spawning period. This study supports the hypothesis that longer spermatozoa swim faster. 相似文献
14.
贵州方竹水库浮游生物多样性与氮、磷含分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As it＇s revealed in the investigation data, significant differences of N, P concentration, as well as, the component and amount of plankton were absorved mong the upper, the middle and the downstream of Fangzhu reservoir. Upstream was seriously polluted, a obvious trait, namely artificial fertilization, was absorved in the middlestream,while, compared with the Water Environment Evaluation Criteria,the water quality of the downstream was located class IU, inferior conditions were detected also. This reservoir had exhibited a high Self-purification Capacity, compared with the upstream, the concentration of TN, TP, as well as the eutrophication index of N, P in the downstream were declined 19.74% and 68.81% ,3 and 19, respectively,while the biomasses of phytoplankton and zooplankton were tremendously increased 1 984. 4 and 10.6 times,respectively, as long as the phytoplankton diversity index, evenness index and dominance index,0.32,0.16 and 0.01 increases were observed, separately. In sum, the TP eutrophication appraisal index was extremely higher than that of TP in Fangzhu reservoir. 相似文献
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为研究天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁建设初期游泳动物群落特征的变化,于2014年6月10日、7月28日、9月22日对人工鱼礁区和对照区进行三次调查。结果表明:人工鱼礁区游泳动物种类与对照区相近,但优势种种类在6月和7月少于对照区;6月份人工鱼礁区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著低于7月份和9月份(P﹤0.05),而对照区在各月份没有显著性差异(P﹥0.05);6和7月份人工鱼礁区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著低于同一月份对照区数值(P﹤0.05);人工鱼礁区渔获物CPUE、渔获数量和埃三极能值仅在7月份存在显著性差异(P﹤0.05);人工鱼礁区各月份经济渔获物CPUE和经济渔获数量与对照区的差异均未达到显著水平;人工鱼礁区经济渔获数量从6月到9月呈逐渐增加的趋势,并且6月和9月达到显著性差异水平,但对照区各月份数值相近。结果表明,人工鱼礁投放初期渔业资源种群会受到一定程度扰动,随着时间的推移人工鱼礁良好生态效益逐步显现。 相似文献
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Hyun-Jung Gwak 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3-4):274-283
A few chemical characteristics of Gulbi, a traditional Korean seafood prepared from salted and dried Yellow corvenia (Pseudosciaena manchurica), were investigated during drying at different temperatures. When Gulbi was manufactured by sun-drying (the control), it had the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values. They increased with increasing drying time at all temperatures in the hot-air drier. The TBARS value of Gulbi was lower when dried at 30 and 35°C than at 40°C and the control. The VBN of the control was higher than that of hot-air dried Gulbi at 30 and 35°C and lower than that of hot-air dried Gulbi at 40°C. The control had a VBN value of 20.8 ± 0.07% and the hot-air dried at 30°C, 18.0 ± 0.06; at 35°C, 18.6 ± 0.06; at 40°C, 23.8 ± 0.08 (p < 0.05), respectively. The salt content of the control and Gulbi dried at 30, 35, and 40°C were 22.9 ± 0.07%, 17.7 ± 0.06%, 18.0 ± 0.06%, and 24.3 ± 0.08%, respectively. The amino nitrogen content was much lower: 63.1 ± 0.80 mg/100 g and 65.5 ± 0.14 mg/100 g at 30 and 35°C than 78.3 ± 0.21 mg/100 g at 40°C. The results of this study also indicate that the Gulbi dried at 30 and 35°C had better chemical characteristics than those dried at 40°C when using hot-air drying and sun drying. 相似文献
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Wild striped bass,Morone saxatilis, were collected from coastal waters and spawning areas to describe the endocrine correlates of oocyte development in non-captive, migratory fish. The fish were classified according to their most advanced oocytes. Serum levels of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and 17-20-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Females in the primary growth phase and early secondary growth phase (pre-vitellogenic) had low levels of plasma steroids, ovarian lipid content and gonadosomatic indices (GSIs). Significant increases in E2, T, ovarian lipid content and GSIs occurred during the vitellogenic phase. Maximum levels of all reproductive parameters were found in prespawning fish sampled in the Hudson River. Mean levels of E2, T, ovarian lipids and GSIs for these fish were 2.0±0.5 ng/ml, 3.0±0.3 ng/ml, 24±1 mg/g, and 5.6±0.3% (mean±SEM), respectively. In fish induced to spawn with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), DHP levels (1.9±0.4 ng/ml) were significantly elevated. Similar levels were found in two fish captured during the spawning season, suggesting that DHP may serve as the maturation-inducing steroid in this species. 相似文献
19.
江苏近岸海域鱼类群落结构的变化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
根据1988年6月-2006年6月江苏近岸禁渔线以内的定置张网长期监测资料,采用评价群落矩阵的长度谱和非目标种类比例两个指标,分别从整个群落长度谱、目标种类和非目标种类长度谱、不同体质量长度谱分析了小尺度范围的鱼类群落结构变化.结果表明:整个群落长度谱随时间增加,斜率下降显著(P<0.05),截距虽表现为逐渐增加趋势,但并没有达到显著水平(P>0.05);1988-1990年和2004-2006年两个阶段的目标种类长度谱斜率线性拟合极为显著(P<0.001),非目标种类则不显著(P>0.05);非目标种类生物量比例变化相对稳定(P>0.05),数量比例明显上升(P<0.01);体质量在0.8～2 g、3～5 g对应的相对生物量呈上升趋势,体质量在6～10 g、11～20 g、80～100 g、105～130 g相对应的生物量则呈不同程度的下降.综上,调查年间江苏近岸海域的鱼类组成发生了一定程度变化,表现为小个体数量增多,大个体减少. 相似文献