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1.
乳酸作为一种天然有机酸广泛应用于食品、纺织业、化学和制药工业。为了满足乳酸的市场需求,降低生产成本,筛选高产乳酸菌株并应用于工业生产成为当前研究的重点。本研究从自然酸菜发酵液中分离筛选出一株乳酸高产的乳酸菌11MZ-5-1,发酵72 h时,乳酸含量达(24.88±0.21)g/L。利用生理生化及16S r DNA序列分析法对菌株进行鉴定,构建系统发育树,确定种属地位。结果表明,菌株11MZ-5-1的生长温度范围为20~45℃,最适生长温度为30~37℃;Na Cl耐受浓度为0%~12%,最适生长范围为0%~4%;p H耐受范围为3.5~7.5,最适生长为p H 5.5~6.5。16S r DNA部分序列长度为1438 bp,与干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei str.Zhang相似性最高,达99%。结合形态学观察及理化特性,该菌株鉴定为L.casei。L.casei 11MZ-5-1产酸量高,作为食品发酵剂可以缩短发酵周期,抑制杂菌生长,在乳酸工业生产领域有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
2.
从北京市售肉制品中分离筛选出1株具有抑菌活性的乳酸菌菌株L5-6,对单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌ATCC54003的生长具有良好的抑制作用。排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰后,确定该抑菌物质为蛋白类物质,即细菌素。16SrRNA序列同源性分析鉴定L5-6为戊糖片球菌。对L5-6中编码细菌素的结构基因进行克隆,推断L5-6所产的细菌素是片球菌素。片球菌素应用于肉制品防腐具有潜在的开发价值和广阔的市场前景,课题组对L5-6进行了初步的研究,为开发天然安全的食品保鲜防腐剂奠定基础。 相似文献
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以磷酸钙为难溶态磷,从樟子松根际土壤分离筛选高效解磷细菌,采用透明圈法分离解磷细菌,以解磷效率为指标定量筛选高效菌株,通过生理生化指标测定结合16S rRNA序列系统发育树构建鉴定菌株,并利用单因素方法分析研究不同碳源、氮源及 C/N比值对菌株解磷能力的影响。结果表明:分离筛选得到11株解磷细菌,筛选得到2株高效解磷细菌A43和A54,初步鉴定菌株A43和A54均为Pseudomonas koreensis,A43在碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为硫酸铵,A54在碳源为蔗糖,氮源为硝酸钠,C/N比均为20:1条件下,菌株解磷效果最佳。试验筛选的高效解磷细菌为进一步制备樟子松促生微生物菌肥打下良好基础。 相似文献
5.
《农产品加工．学刊》2021,(13)
蛋白酶在食品、医药、饲料、洗涤剂等行业中应用广泛。利用酪素培养基从牛粪中筛选出一株产蛋白酶的菌株2021-9,对其进行形态学鉴定、生理生化鉴定、16S r DNA鉴定,并对其生长条件及产酶情况进行探究。结果表明,筛选出的菌株属于Serratia属;该菌株最适生长的碳源为0.3%蔗糖,氮源为2%酵母粉,pH值8.7,温度为37℃。该菌株的最适发酵培养基组成为3.2%麸皮,3%黄豆粉,4%玉米粉,0.4%Na_2HPO_4,0.03%KH_2PO_4,最大酶活达到29.834 U/m L,为产蛋白酶菌株筛选的开发与应用提供了一定的研究基础。 相似文献
6.
为了探讨脂肪酸与椰毒假单胞菌米酵菌酸毒素产生之间的相关性,采用气相色谱和面积归一法分别对产毒差异菌株的菌体脂肪酸进行分离和定量分析。结果显示,9株菌株共分离到11种组分,其中十六碳酸(C16:0）、顺-10-十七碳一烯酸(C17:1)以及顺,顺-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(C18:2n6c)含量较高,平均含量依次为43.85%、25.84%和14.75%。培养基及培养温度是影响脂肪酸组成的主要因素,相同培养条件下,9株菌株菌体脂肪酸组成相似度达90%以上。毒性试验后,不产毒菌株10574与产毒菌株菌体脂肪酸均发生相似变化,即顺-9-十八碳一烯酸(C18:1n9c)含量降低,而顺,顺-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(C18:2n6c)含量升高。生长条件是影响菌体脂肪酸组成的主要因素,脂肪酸与椰毒假单胞菌米酵菌酸产生的相关性不大。 相似文献
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《农产品加工．学刊》2016,(5)
从豆制品生产副产物豆清发酵液中分离得到1株产细菌素球状菌,编号SQ-12-3。结合菌株生长特征、菌体形态及生理生化性质,初步将其鉴定为乳球菌属(Lactococcus sp.)。排除发酵液中可能存在的有机酸、过氧化氢及菌株菌体的干扰,并检测抑菌物质蛋白酶稳定性,可确定菌株SQ-12-3产细菌素抑菌。研究该菌株产细菌素动态,确定菌株最适生长温度在37℃,菌株在该温度下发酵18 h后菌液p H值低至4.11;当NaCl质量分数大于7%时,菌株生长受到明显抑制。 相似文献
8.
碱性木聚糖酶广泛用于造纸、纺织等领域。为筛选出高产碱性木聚糖酶的菌株,采用刚果红显色法,从山西省晋城市植物园土壤中筛选出一株碱性木聚糖酶产生菌株YH158,通过形态鉴定及16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。经发酵条件单因素优化及4因素3水平正交试验分析,确定了最佳的产酶培养基配方:麸皮5.0%、黄豆粕0.7%、硫酸锰0.1%。最佳培养条件:培养基初始p H 8.0,转速180 r/min,37℃发酵36 h,通过发酵条件的优化最终得到发酵液酶活为28.18 IU/m L。该菌产生的木聚糖酶具有较高的碱性适应性,水解产物富含2~5个木糖分子的低聚木糖,具有较高的工业应用前景。 相似文献
9.
本研究旨在开发杀线虫活性高的生防资源以防控马铃薯腐烂茎线虫病。以34个细菌菌株发酵液为试材,通过直接触杀法测定其对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的触杀活性;利用16S rDNA基因,并结合菌落形态和生理生化特征,确定生防菌株的分类地位。筛选出9个细菌菌株对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的触杀活性较高,48 h线虫的校正死亡率达72.36%~82.59%;经鉴定,菌株Chi9-7、Nong3-5、Nong5-6和b1-3为枯草芽胞杆菌,菌株b5-4为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌,菌株Chi9-2、Xia4-11、Gu4-7和Z-1为解淀粉芽胞杆菌。本研究筛选并鉴定了杀线虫作用明显的9株芽胞杆菌,为微生物杀线剂的研发提供了新的生防资源,也为马铃薯腐烂茎线虫病的有效防控奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
稻田土壤中抑草真菌的筛选与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以稻田土壤为材料,采用稀释涂布法,结合生物抑草活性测试跟踪,筛选分离抑草真菌微生物。结果表明：从稻田土壤中筛选到32个菌株,其中11个菌株对莴苣根长和株高的抑制率高于50%,这11个菌株中有5个对稗草株高的抑制率高于40%,而对水稻具有抑制作用的有3株,没有抑制作用的2株。8号菌株因对稗草具有较好抑制率而对水稻没有影响,作为目标菌株,开展了其生长特性研究。形态和分子生物学鉴定表明8号菌株属于曲霉属。该菌株的最优培养条件为以蔗糖为碳源,以酵母浸膏或蛋白胨为氮源,最适温度30℃,最适pH 6。8号菌株的菌液含蛋白质5.14 mg/L,总酚酸5.59 mg/L,可溶性糖448.12 mg/L,总黄酮为2.39 mg/L。8号菌株可开发利用为微生物除草剂应用于稻田除草。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
14.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献