共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
日粮中添加延胡索酸对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用体外培养试验,通过测定培养24h后培养液pH值、BCP、NH3-N、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和TVFA等各项指标,综合评定了奶牛日粮中添加延胡索酸后对瘤胃发酵功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组比较,添加4mmol/L、7mmol/L的延胡索酸试验组的培养液pH值显著提高(P<0.05);添加4mmol/L和10mmol/L延胡索酸试验组BCP含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加各剂量延胡索酸对培养液NH3-N含量均没有显著的影响。添加4mmol/L、7mmol/L处理组均提高了培养液的乙酸(P<0.05)和丙酸(P<0.05),添加10mmol/L处理组提高了丙酸(P<0.05)浓度,降低了丁酸(P<0.05)。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同氨基酸组成的二肽对羊体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响.以4只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康南江黄羊作为瘤胃液供体,采用单因素试验设计,共5个处理,对照组采用基础培养底物,试验组在基础培养底物中分别添加2％的亮氨酸-色氨酸(LeuTrp)、缬氨酸-蛋氨酸(Val-Met)、酪氨酸-丙氨酸(Tyr-Ala)和苯丙氨酸-缬氨酸(Phe-Val).培养后2、4、8、12、24 h,测定培养液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量以及微生物蛋白质(MCP)产量.结果表明:各时间点Val-Met组培养液pH低于其他各组,除24 h外其他时间点均差异显著(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,试验组总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度和MCP产量均显著提高(P＜0.05),NH3-N浓度以及乙酸/丙酸均显著降低(P＜0.05);Val-Met 组TVFA浓度和MCP产量显著高于其他试验组(P＜0.05),NH3-N浓度在一定程度上(P＞0.05)或显著(P＜0.05)低于其他试验组,另外2、4和12 h时Val-Met组的乙酸/丙酸也显著低于其他试验组(P＜0.05).结果提示,饲粮中添加二肽有利于瘤胃微生物的发酵,提高VFA含量和MCP产量,降低NH3-N浓度以及乙酸/丙酸,本试验条件下,以添加2％ Val-Met效果最好. 相似文献
3.
本文旨在探讨不同精粗比饲粮中添加异位酸对体外瘤胃发酵的影响.选用4只体况良好、平均体重(25.48±1.51)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的阉割南江黄羊作为瘤胃液供体动物.用体外发酵法考察在3个精粗比(30∶70、50∶50和70∶30)饲粮中添加异位酸(1％)后的体外发酵参数变化.结果表明:经过24 h体外培养,不添加异位酸时,随精粗比由30∶70升高到70∶30,培养液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、乙酸/丙酸和乙酸占总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)的比例均显著下降(P＜0.05);产气量及乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度和丙酸占TVFA的比例均显著提高(P＜0.05).当精粗比为30∶70时,添加异位酸pH无明显变化,NH3-N浓度下降,产气量及微生物蛋白质(MCP)和丁酸浓度上升,但各项指标差异均不显著(P＞0.05),而乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度均显著提高(P＜0.05).当精粗比为50∶50时,添加异位酸可显著降低NH3-N浓度(P＜0.05),提高产气量及MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度(P＜0.05),而对pH、丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸无显著影响(P＞0.05).当精粗比为70∶30时,添加异位酸NH3-N浓度显著下降(P＜0.05),产气量及MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度显著上升(P＜0.05),而对pH和乙酸/丙酸均无显著影响(P＞0.05).饲粮中添加异位酸有利于提高有机物的消化率和NH3-N的利用,增加MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA的合成.在本试验中,对于MCP和TVFA的合成而言,精料比例越高,添加异位酸的效果越好. 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在研究麻饼型日粮中添加一定量烟酸(450mg/kg)后,在体外培养过程中,发酵底物在不同培养时间内培养液中NH3-N浓度、瘤胃细菌N产量、原虫数量、总VFA量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸产量和乙酸/丙酸值的降解动力学特征.体外试验瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊,饲喂添加烟酸的麻饼型基础日粮.试验结果表明,添加烟酸可提高培养液NH3-N利用率;培养液中添加烟酸后瘤胃细菌N产量在整个培养过程中高于未添加组;培养液中原虫教在培养4 h时达最高值,且此时添加组原虫产量显著(P＜0.05)高于未添加组;总VFA量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的产量随培养时间变化而呈增加趋势;但丁酸量和乙酸/丙酸值与对照组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05). 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
以3头体重600±100 kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的7岁西杂阉牛为研究对象,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究日粮中不同整粒棉籽水平对肉牛瘤胃机能的影响.3种试验日粮分别为饲喂基础日粮的对照组(CT);含13%整粒棉籽中棉籽组(MC);含25%整粒棉籽高棉籽组(HC).研究结果显示,与处理CT相比,处理MC、HC的pH平均值略有降低(-0.11、-0.09),各处理在同一个时间点的pH值变化不显著(P＞0.05).处理MC的NH3-N浓度平均值最高(7.01 mmol/L);与处理CT相比,处理MC的NH3-N浓度平均值上升0.29 mmol/L,处理HC的NH3-N浓度平均值下降0.07 mmol/L.与处理CT相比,处理MC、HC的总VFA浓度分别提高7.4%、3.5%,乙酸和丙酸浓度平均值也较处理CT有所提高,而丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸值比处理CT低;3种日粮间的乙酸/丙酸的平均值存在着显著性差异(P＜0.05),其平均值分别为4.49、4.35、4.05.添加整粒棉籽会显著降低稻草和棉籽中养分的有效降解率EDP(P＜0.05). 相似文献
8.
9只装有瘤胃瘘管的绵羊,按3×3拉丁方设计,饲喂添加0、4%和8%玉米油的羊草、苜蓿和精料的精粗比4:6混合日粮.晨饲后0,2,4,6,8,10和12 h采集瘤胃液,分别测定瘤胃液pH值、NH3-N、VFA和BCP浓度.结果表明,添加4%和8%玉米油可提高瘤胃液pH值,对NH3-N浓度无显著影响,可降低瘤胃液中乙酸和总VFA的浓度,对丙酸浓度没有影响,降低乙酸/丙酸比值.添加4%玉米油时降低了瘤胃液中BCP浓度,添加8%玉米油时降低了瘤胃液中丁酸的浓度. 相似文献
9.
采用体外法研究无机磷添加浓度对瘤胃发酵的影响。无机磷在培养液中设0、30、60、90、120、150、200、250、300、350 mg/L 10个水平。体外培养发酵48 h后终止培养,测定培养液的pH、总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)。结果表明,不同无机磷添加水平对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总VFA产量影响显著(P＜0.05),无机磷添加水平为200 mg/L时,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及总VFA产量最高,随后下降。瘤胃培养液pH随无机磷添加水平的增加而显著降低(P＜0.05),无机磷添加水平为200 mg/L时达到最小值5.65,随后又上升。在本试验条件下,添加无机磷明显促进瘤胃微生物对饲料养分的发酵,适宜添加水平为200 mg/L。 相似文献
10.
9只装有瘤胃瘘管的绵羊,按3×3拉丁方设计,饲喂添加0、4%和8%玉米油的羊草、苜蓿和精料的精粗比4:6混合日粮.晨饲后0,2,4,6,8,10和12h采集瘤胃液,分别测定瘤胃液pH值、NH3-N、VFA和BCP浓度.结果表明,添加4%和8%玉米油可提高瘤胃液pH值,对NH3-N浓度无显著影响,可降低瘤胃液中乙酸和总VFA的浓度,对丙酸浓度没有影响.降低乙酸,丙酸比值.添加4%玉米油时降低了瘤胃液中BCP浓度,添加8%玉米油时降低了瘤胃液中丁酸的浓度. 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
13.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
14.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
16.
17.
Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献