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1.
选用120头体重约35kg三元杂(长白×约克×杜洛克)生长育肥猪进行试验,研究在饲粮中添加高剂量铜对猪组织的影响.将试验猪随机分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复栏,每个重复10头.各处理添加的铜的剂量分别为对照组8.0mg/kg、处理1组150.0mg/kg、处理2组225.0mg/kg、处理3组300.0mg/kg、处理4组375.0mg/kg.研究结果表明(1)处理1、2、3、4组猪肝脏显著大于对照组(P＜0.05);处理4组也显著大于处理1、2组(P＜0.05).(2)处理2、3、4组猪肝脏、肌肉组织铜含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);处理4组也显著高于处理1、2、3处理组(P＜0.05).(3)处理1、2、3、4组猪肝脏、肌肉组织细胞线粒体的正常结构受到损坏,有的线粒体内已看不到线粒体嵴. 相似文献
2.
研究日粮铜对育肥猪组织铜沉积和粪铜代谢率的影响,本试验选择来源相同且体重相近(30±1.05)kg健康状况较好的杜长大三元杂交生长猪共24头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复2头猪。4个处理组分别饲喂4种不同硫酸铜水平的试验日粮,将最低剂量组的铜添加量设定为10 mg/kg(对照组),试验组分别添加铜含量为45 mg/kg(1组),135 mg/kg(2组),225 mg/kg(3组);添加后测定饲料中铜的实际含量分别为19.09 mg/kg(对照组),53.60 mg/kg(1组),154.00 mg/kg(2组),250 mg/kg(3组)。结果表明:在试验期间,胃、脾、胰脏和淋巴结组.织中铜含量在各个铜饲喂剂量下都处于较低水平,各组饲喂剂量之间差异不显著(P0.05);各处理组间心、肝、肺脏铜含量差异显著(P0.05);胫骨,肋骨、股骨骨质和股骨骨髓的积铜含量差异显著(P0.05);10 mg/kg(对照组)和45 mg/kg(1组)铜的消化率明显高于135 mg/kg(2组)和225 mg/kg(3组)(P0.05),但2,3组间铜的消化率差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,日粮中添加45 mg/kg的硫酸铜猪体内组织铜沉积率小,粪铜消化率高。 相似文献
3.
试验在山羊日粮中添加不同水平的铜,旨在研究高铜对山羊生产性能、脂质代谢、屠体成分等的影响。试验采用单因子设计,将18只5月龄,体重为(20.4±2.1)kg的波尔×内蒙古羯羊随机分为3种处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复2只;处理1日粮中不添加铜作对照组,处理2和处理3日粮中分别添加100、200mg/kg铜(CuSO4.5H2O),饲养至112日龄时,统计采食量、日增重和料肉比;从每个处理各取3只羊,采集血样后屠宰、采集肝脏和胸部肉样,分别测定血铜、肝铜、血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量、屠体成分等。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加100mg/kg铜的处理组,日增重、采食量显著增加(P<0.05),料肉比显著降低(P<0.05)。添加100、200mg/kg铜的2个处理组,血铜含量差异不显著(P>0.05),肝铜含量显著增加(P<0.05),血清胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),但非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量比对照组显著降低(P<0.05),屠体水分、蛋白、灰分含量均显著升高(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),股盆脂肪和体壁脂肪厚度显著降低(P<0.05),全净膛重差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
4.
43～63日龄黄羽肉公鸡铜需要量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在通过研究饲粮铜添加水平对黄羽肉公鸡生长性能、抗氧化性能、肝脏和血清铜含量等的影响,以探讨43~63日龄黄羽肉公鸡铜的需要量。选用43日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄羽肉公鸡900只,根据体重随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡,组1(对照组)为基础饲粮组(铜水平为2.74 mg/kg),组2~6饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加4、8、16、32、64 mg/kg铜。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,16和32 mg/kg铜组显著提高试鸡末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),饲粮中铜添加水平对料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,16和32 mg/kg铜组血清铜锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu Zn-SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),32和64 mg/kg铜组肝脏Cu Zn-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),饲粮铜添加水平对胸肌中Cu ZnSOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮添加32和64 mg/kg铜显著降低了胸肌丙二醛(M DA)含量(P<0.05),各组间血清和肝脏MDA含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);添加16、32、64 mg/kg铜显著降低了血清铜蓝蛋白活性(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,8、16 mg/kg铜组肝脏铜含量显著降低(P<0.05),铜添加水平对血清铜含量和肝脏金属硫蛋白含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑各项指标,为获得较好生长性能和抗氧化性能,43~63日龄黄羽肉公鸡饲粮铜适宜添加水平分别为16和32 mg/kg,加上基础饲粮铜水平为2.74 mg/kg,则该阶段黄羽肉公鸡铜需要量分别为18.74和34.74 mg/kg;以生长性能和肝脏Cu Zn-SOD活性为依据,通过折线回归分析估测得到43~63日龄黄羽肉公鸡铜需要量分别为19.94和38.34 mg/kg。 相似文献
5.
选用1日龄健康AA肉鸡120只随机均分成4组,使用硫酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个试验高铜组饲料铜含量分别为110,220,330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束,来探讨高铜日粮对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响。结果显示:(1)随着铜浓度的增加和/或饲养日龄的延长,线粒体膜通透性转换孔(Mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)逐渐扩大(P0.05);(2)血清总胆固醇(T-Ch)含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组低于对照组(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),而甘油三酯(TG)的含量在各高铜组均极显著低于对照组(P0.01);(3)与对照组相比,肝脏铜含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组有所增加(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著增加(P0.01),肌肉中铜含量在各高铜组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。这说明高铜可造成肝线粒体不同程度的肿胀和损伤,改变肉鸡脂类的新陈代谢,明显增加肝和肌肉组织的铜含量。 相似文献
6.
试验目的是评估有机铜和无机铜对生长猪的生长性能的影响。选择平均63日龄且初始体重为(21.46±1.13)kg的100头生长猪随机分为5个处理组,包括:CON组(基础日粮,铜含量为0mg/kg)、T1组(基础日粮+硫酸铜67mg/kg)、T2组(基础日粮+硫酸铜134mg/kg)、T3组(基础日粮+蛋氨酸铜67mg/kg)和T4组(基础日粮+蛋氨酸铜134mg/kg)。试验结果表明,在整个试验期间,日粮处理对生长猪平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和饲料报酬比值(G/F)均无显著性差异。与CON组相比,T1、T2、T3和T44个组生长猪的干物质消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。在T3组较CON组生长猪氮的消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。与T1组相比,CON、T3和T4组生长猪粪便pH显著改善(P<0.05)。CON、T3和T4组生长猪粪便中的铜浓度显著低于T1和T2组(P<0.05)。与CON相比,T2、T3和T4组腹泻率减少。总之,日粮中添加67mg/kg或134mg/kg的蛋氨酸铜能有效地提高养分消化率和生长猪粪便的pH,并能减少粪便中铜的浓度。 相似文献
7.
1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮铜营养需要量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在通过研究饲粮铜添加水平对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育、抗氧化性能、肝脏和血清铜含量等的影响,以探讨1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡铜的营养需要量。选用1日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄羽肉公雏鸡1440只,根据体重随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡,组1(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(2.80 mg/kg铜),组2、3、4、5、6饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加4、8、16、32、64 mg/kg铜。试验期21 d。结果表明：本试验条件下,1)饲粮添加4和64 mg/kg铜显著提高试鸡平均日采食量( P<0.05),饲粮中铜添加水平对末重、平均日增重和料重比无显著影响( P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,8 mg/kg组法氏囊指数显著升高( P<0.05),而饲粮铜添加水平对胸腺和脾脏指数无显著影响( P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,8、16、32和64 mg/kg组血清和肝脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),各组间血清和肝脏丙二醛含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);添加16、32、64 mg/kg铜显著降低血清铜蓝蛋白活性(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,16、32和64 mg/kg组血清铜含量显著降低(P<0.05),铜添加水平对肝脏铜含量和肝脏金属硫蛋白含量影响不显著( P>0.05)。综合考虑各项指标,为获得较好生长性能和免疫器官发育、抗氧化性能,1~21日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡饲粮铜适宜添加水平为8 mg/kg,加上基础饲粮铜含量2.80 mg/kg,则该阶段黄羽肉鸡铜需要量为10.80 mg/kg;以血清CuZnSOD活性为依据,通过非线性回归分析估测得到1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡铜需要量为13.38 mg/kg。 相似文献
8.
9.
文章旨在探讨日粮单独或联合补充微量元素铜和硒对肉牛生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸组成及血清抗氧化的影响。试验将平均体重为(389.98±1.67)kg的80只肉牛随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1组在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠形式添加1.5mg/kg硒,T2组在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加25mg/kg铜,T3组在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠形式添加1.5mg/kg硒和以硫酸铜的形式添加25mg/kg铜。饲养试验共进行84d。结果:1.5mg/kg硒组肉牛末重和采食量较对照组分别显著提高了7.36%和38.69%(P<0.05),但料重比较对照组显著降低了17.02%(P<0.05),同时处理组肉牛平均日采食量较对照组分别显著提高15.06%、16.86%和20.08%(P<0.05)。对照组肌肉亚麻油酸含量较铜硒混合组显著提高62.50%(P<0.05)。对照组肉牛血清胆固醇含量也显著高于T1组(P<0.05)。对照组和T3组肌肉胆固醇含量显著高于T1和T2组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,T2和T3组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别显著降低46.42%和62.84%(P<0.05)。T1组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组和T2组分别显著提高10.64%和15.94%(P<0.05),同时对照组血清丙二醛含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高91.45%和73.90%(P<0.05)。结论:日粮补充铜或硒可以改变肉牛脂质代谢,补充硒可以改善肉牛饲料效率、血清抗氧化性能,降低血清和肌肉胆固醇含量。 相似文献
10.
研究不同铜源对生长肥育猪前期生产性能的影响.试验分为2个部分.试验1:选择60头约27 kg(杜×长×大)三元猪,随机分为4个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复5头猪.试验2:选择48头约47 kg(杜×长×大)三元猪,随机分为4个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复4头猪.2个试验的4个处理分别饲喂添加硫酸铜(铜,200 mg/kg,对照组)、碱式氯化铜(铜,150 mg/kg)、甘氨酸铜(铜,100 mg/kg)和羟基蛋氨酸铜(铜,100 mg/kg)的日粮,试验持续28 d.试验1结果表明:在生长猪肥育猪前期,与对照组相比,3个试验组都能提高生长猪前期的日增质量.其中,羟基蛋氨酸铜显著提高该阶段生长肥育猪的日增质量.与对照组相比,碱式氯化铜、甘氨酸铜及羟基蛋氨酸铜都显著改善生长肥育猪前期的皮肤外观.试验2结果表明:生长肥育猪后期,与对照组相比,碱式氯化铜、甘氨酸铜及羟基蛋氨酸铜对生长猪后期的生长性能有改善的趋势,但差异不显著. 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
18.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献