共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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为培育厚皮甜瓜单性花新品系,以雌雄异花同株系和普通两性花系为亲本进行杂交,杂交后代采用三条途径转育单性花近等基因系,通过调查转育各世代及入选品系与不同生态类型材料配制的杂交组合中花性型的遗传分离情况,检测分析雌雄异花同株性状的遗传稳定性。结果表明：Mr分别与Mm,Ym,YF,F—Y配制的4个杂交组合中,F2的花性型分离为：单性花：两性花=3：1;以Mm,Ym为轮回亲本的不同世代,花性型分离为：单性花：两性花=1：1。推测为供试材料间性型的不同仅存在于a位点的基因型差异,由等位基因A控制的单性花性状呈稳定的单显性基因遗传。用不同生态类型的优良育种材料作轮回亲本,采用连续回交、最后自交分离选择,以及杂交后代连续自交分离选择的方式,培育出4个单性花材料。 相似文献
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甜瓜单性花相关基因CmACS-7的分子标记开发与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甜瓜(Cucumismelo L.)性型中主要是雄花、两性花同株型(雄全同株,简称两性花),雌雄异花同株型(单性花)比较少见。甜瓜育种工作中为提高制种效率,往往将母本系转育成单性花。传统方法筛选单性花植株耗时长,占地面积大。根据CmACS-7基因序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,甜瓜9份材料均可获得188 bp的片段。多序列比对发现,材料单性花性状与扩增片段的碱基变异相关联,关联位点为限制性内切酶AluⅠ的识别位点。扩增产物进行酶切,甜瓜单性花材料CmACS-7基因的PCR扩增产物均可以被酶切成两条带(160 bp和28 bp),两性花材料CmACS-7基因的PCR扩增产物不能被酶切(188 bp),因此建立CmACS-7基因的CAPS分子标记。利用此标记对58份甜瓜材料进行验证,甜瓜单性花性状与分子标记结果显著相关。基于甜瓜单性花决定基因CmACS-7的CAPS分子标记可用于单性花的选育。 相似文献
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甜瓜雌雄异花同株近等基因系的构建及近等性评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
雌雄异花同株类型在甜瓜杂交制种时可部分免除人工去雄,确保杂交种纯度,所以,对杂种优势利用中有着重要价值.为了研究和利用控制甜瓜雌雄异花同株基因A,用雌雄异花同株材料Mr作母本P1,雄花两性花材料Mm作父本P2,用P1做轮回亲本与F1杂交,经连续回交并最终自交纯化,获得雌雄异花同株近等基因系(BC6F4).用形态相似法和AFLP标记对获得的近等基因系和轮回亲本进行分析,结果表明:(1)Mr xMm的F2与BC6S1分离群体中,雌雄异花同株株数与雄花两性花株数符合3:1比例,回交群体中雌雄异花同株株数和雄花两性花株数符合1:1的比例;在发育期、果皮色、网纹等农艺性状上没有明显差异;(2)用448对AFLP引物检测轮回亲本和近等基因系之间多态性,有417对引物没有多态性,31对有多态性,统计得其遗传相似系数为99.73%;(3)平均每个AFLP引物对可扩增出46.8条带,说明AFLP揭示的遗传信息量很高,是一种评价近等性较理想的分子标记,这与以往结果一致. 相似文献
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京抗２号是在广泛搜集抗源材料及品质优良的种质材料的基础上，用具有目标性状的材料，通过杂交、复合杂交、回交等手段进行抗病基因转育，达到基因重组。从各杂交、回交后代分离群体中，通过多代抗病鉴定筛选及经济性状选择，选育出既抗病又优质的亲本材料。通过配合力选择，品种比较试验和生产鉴定，最终获得优质、抗病的西瓜一代杂种。该品种抗病性强，兼抗枯萎病及炭疽病，果实美观，品质优良，果皮坚韧，耐运输，且具丰产性。 相似文献
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转TaEBP基因小麦的回交转育研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以转TaEBP基因的新春9号小麦T 4代株系为供体,通过回交育种的方法将与抗逆相关的TaEBP转录因子基因导入黄淮麦区的7个主栽或主推小麦品种中,利用温室快速加代和目的基因PCR分子跟踪检测技术,实现了一年四代的快速繁育,在一年内获得了转基因回交三代株系群。PCR分析结果显示,TaEBP基因在杂交F1代植株中阳性率平均在72.3%以上,在6个轮回亲本的回交后代中基本符合1∶1分离比率,在刑麦六号的BC3F2代中呈3∶1分离,外源TaEBP基因的分布符合一对显性等位基因扩增结果的遗传分离比例;PEG-6000胁迫条件下,对3个来自刑麦6号BC3F2代的回交导入系苗期抗性鉴定显示,3个转基因回交导入系的抗旱性明显提高。表明利用转基因材料通过回交转育、快速加代和分子跟踪检测是快速定向改良小麦品种的性状、获得新的转基因小麦的一条有效途径。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献