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1.
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation acquired 20 American river otters (Lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into Oklahoma waterways. In 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (CPV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline rhinotracheitis virus (FRV), and feline calicivirus. Prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (SVN) antibody to feline rhinotracheitis virus was found in 2 otters and to feline calicivirus in 1 otter. Using an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay, prevaccination antibody to CPV and FPV was found in 2 otters. A significant increase in SVN antibody titers was found after vaccination of otters with canine adenovirus type 2 (6 of 8 animals) and feline calicivirus (1 of 8 animals). One of 8 otters developed significant antibody titers to CPV and FPV, as measured by IFA assay. Otters did not develop SVN antibody titers to canine distemper virus after vaccination. Antigens of feline leukemia virus, using ELISA, or antibodies to feline infectious peritonitis, using IFA assay, were not found in the 20 otters.  相似文献   

2.
A dot ELISA for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDC) and canine parvovirus (CPV) was assessed. The titres of IgM antibodies to CDV and CPV in 100 dogs were measured by the Immunocomb ELISA kit and compared with the results derived from the immunofluorescence assay (IFA). There was a strong correlation between the results of the dot ELISA technique and the IFA (P < 0.001). The dot ELISA kit was also used to assess the changes in the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to CPV and CDV in 10 puppies vaccinated with a polyvalent vaccine. High levels of IgM antibodies to CPV were first detected seven days after they were vaccinated, and after nine days all the pups had high titres of IgG antibodies to CPV. High levels of IgM antibodies to CDV were detected after nine days and the highest average titres were recorded after 12 days. IgG antibodies to CDV were present from nine days after vaccination.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a polyvalent ELISA incorporating a highly specific recombinant antigen (p44) for diagnosis of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs and horses. ANIMALS: 32 dogs and 43 horses. PROCEDURE: Results of the ELISA were compared with results of indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) staining and western immunoblotting incorporating whole-cell antigen. RESULTS: For the canine and equine samples, percentages of samples with positive IFA staining, western immunoblotting, and ELISA results were similar. For 29 (91 %) canine samples and 30 (70%) equine samples, results of IFA staining, western immunoblotting, and the ELISA were in complete agreement. Results of the ELISA for 3 canine serum samples known to contain antibodies to Ehrlichia canis and 12 equine serum samples known to contain antibodies to E risticii were negative. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the present study suggest that a polyvalent ELISA incorporating a recombinant p44 antigen is suitable for detecting antibodies to E equi in dogs and horses.  相似文献   

4.
试验旨在利用胶体金免疫层析技术建立快速检测犬血清中犬细小病毒（canine parvo virus, CPV）血凝抑制（haemagglutination inhibition, HI）抗体效价的方法,用于CPV疫苗免疫效果评价。采用双抗体夹心法,以抗CPV血凝相关抗原的单克隆抗体制备CPV抗原检测试纸条;将犬血清进行不同比例系列稀释后,分别与定量CPV抗原充分反应,滴入CPV胶体金试纸条,根据试纸条检测线（test line,T线）消失时的血清最高稀释倍数判断血清中CPV抗体的HI效价;用此方法检测86份犬血清样品,并与传统血凝抑制试验方法进行分析比较。结果显示,成功制备CPV抗原检测试纸条,确定了试纸条检测犬血清CPV-HI效价的反应条件和结果判定标准。结果表明,在检测不同稀释倍数犬血清反应后的CPV抗原时,能使试纸条T线消失时的血清最高稀释倍数与HI效价具有正相关性,犬血清最高稀释倍数乘以4即为HI效价;两种方法的符合率达90.7%。本试验初步建立了胶体金试纸条检测CPV血凝抑制效价的方法,为检测CPV-HI效价提供了一种操作简单、快速的试验方法,可用于CPV疫苗免疫效果评价。  相似文献   

5.
The study was aimed to use colloidal gold immune chromatography technology to establish a rapid method for detection of canine serum canine parvovirus (CPV) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer and CPV vaccine immunization effect assessment.Double antibody sandwich method and monoclonal antibodies of anti-CPV hemagglutination antigen were used to prepare CPV antigen test strip.Canine serum with different proportion respectively was mixed with quantitative CPV antigen for full reaction,then dropped the mixture into the CPV colloidal gold test strip,so according to the highest serum dilution ratios when the test strip line T (line T) vanishes,it was to judge CPV antibodies in serum of the HI titer.This method had been used to detect 86 canine serum samples,at the same time,analyzing and comparing it with traditional hemagglutination inhibition test method.The results showed that the CPV antigen detection test strip was successfully prepared,and the reaction conditions and results of the test strip for detecting the titer of CPV-HI in canine serum were determined.The results indicated that when detecting CPV antigen after the dilution of different ratios of canine serum,the highest serum dilution ratios when the strip line T vanished and the HI titer had positive correlation.The highest dilution ratios of canine serum multiplied by 4 was the HI titer.The results of two methods had 90.7% consistency.This experiment established the colloidal gold immune chromatography test strip for the detection of CPV-HI titers method initially.This CPV-HI detection provided a simple and fast test method for the effect evaluation of CPV vaccine immune.  相似文献   

6.
单抗免疫过氧化物酶技术检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  
以抗鸡传染性支气管病毒（ＩＢＶ）核衣壳蛋白（Ｎ）的单抗株６ＤＨ８作为一抗,以辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠ＩｇＧ作为二抗,建立了检测石蜡切片中ＩＢＶ抗原的单抗免疫过氧化物酶技术（Ｍｃ－ＩＰ）,并对人工攻毒鸡及临床ＩＢＶ感染疑似鸡进行了检测。在ＩＢＶＭ４１株人工攻毒鸡,用该技术于１～１２ｄ从气管、２～７ｄ从肾脏可以检测到ＩＢＶ抗原,阳性染色集中于气管粘膜上皮细胞及肾小管上皮细胞胞浆;临床疑为ＩＢＶ感染的病鸡,以Ｍｃ－ＩＰ技术和单抗免疫荧光试验（Ｍｃ－ＩＦＡ）同时进行检测,结果阳性率分别为９０．３％及８３．９％。  相似文献   

7.
Twelve dogs dead as consequence of natural infection caused by canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2a (n=4), type 2b (n=4) or type 2c (n=4) were investigated for determining the viral DNA loads in different tissue samples. By means of a real-time PCR assay, CPV DNA was detected in all tissues examined, with the highest titres observed in the lymphoid tissue and the lowest loads in the urinary tract. Surprisingly, the nervous tissue was found to contain considerable amounts of CPV nucleic acid. Similar patterns of tissue distribution were observed in all the examined dogs irrespective of the antigenic variant causing the disease.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether serum canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) antibody titers can be used to determine revaccination protocols in healthy dogs. DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: 1,441 dogs between 6 weeks and 17 years old. PROCEDURE: CPV and CDV antibody titers in serum samples submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory were measured by use of indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. On the basis of parallel measurements of CPV and CDV serum antibody titers in 61 paired serum samples determined by use of hemagglutination inhibition and serum neutralization methods, respectively, we considered titers > or = 1:5 (IFA test) indicative of an adequate antibody response. RESULTS: Age, breed, and sex were not significantly associated with adequate CPV- or CDV-specific antibody responses. Of 1,441 dogs, 1,370 (95.1%) had adequate and 71 (4.9%) had inadequate antibody responses to CPV, whereas 1,346 of 1,379 (97.6%) dogs had adequate and 33 (2.4%) had inadequate responses to CDV. Vaccination histories were available for 468 dogs (468 for CPV, 457 for CDV). Interval between last vaccination and antibody measurement was 1 to 2 years for the majority (281/468; 60.0%) of dogs and 2 to 7 years for 142 of 468 (30.3%) dogs. Interval was < 1 year in only 45 of 468 (9.6%) dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The high prevalence of adequate antibody responses (CPV, 95.1%; CDV, 97.6%) in this large population of dogs suggests that annual revaccination against CPV and CDV may not be necessary.  相似文献   

9.
Pulmonary tissues from non-infected dogs, naturallyDirofilaria immitis-infected dogs and experimentally infected puppies, selectively necropsied after infection, were assessed using peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining technology. Sequential sections of pulmonary tissue were PAP stained with anti-freshD. immitis serum, anti-paraffin processedD. immitis serum, anti-dog immunoglobulin (IgG, IgG Fc, IgM) sera and anti-dog complement (C3) serum, and examined for antibody, complement and forD. immitis antigen. The extent of alveolar septal thickening was positively correlated with infection status. Cellular infiltration was most evident surrounding obstructed areas whereD. immitis werein situ. Antigenic material (microfilariae, eggs, fragmented filariae) labelled by PAP was identified in the pulmonary arteries, alveolar capillaries and alveolar septa. Deposits of complement and IgG, presumably associated with immune complex formation, were also observed in some of the infected dogs. Identification of antigen, antibodies and complement associated with alveolar septal pathology suggested that immune mechanisms were active in its development.Abbreviations FW fresh worm - PAP peroxidase-antiperoxidase - PW processed worm  相似文献   

10.
An indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) test with a 96-well, flat-bottomed microplate was developed to detect avian pneumovirus (APV) antigen in Vero cell cultures. Samples of nasal turbinates and swabs from infraorbital sinuses and trachea were collected from 4-week-old poults experimentally inoculated with APV. The APV titers by tissue culture IFA staining were compared with that of visual reading of cytopathic effect (CPE). The ability of IFA staining to detect APV antigen correlated well with visualizing CPE. The use of IFA staining of Vero cell cultures allowed detection of APV in substantially less time than the use of visualizing CPE. In addition, the use of IFA allowed specific identification of the virus in cell culture.  相似文献   

11.
Several antigens including immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, C3, macrophage enzymes and various brain proteins were demonstrated immunohistologically in paraffin sections of canine tissues. The indirect immunoperoxidase, the unlabelled antibody enzyme (PAP), double bridging PAP, and biotinavidin-peroxidase (BAP) methods were compared. The influence of various histological procedures such as fixation and embedding, and other modifications such as enzyme treatment of sections was investigated. The best results were obtained with the PAP and BAP methods on formalin fixed tissues. Trypsin proved to be highly effective for demonstrating certain antigens but required firm adhesion of the sections. Prolonged incubation with the primary antisera improved the results considerably. Based on the results of this study a general strategy for solving immunohistological problems has been proposed.  相似文献   

12.
The diagnosis of myocardial canine parvovirus (CPV) infection used to depend on the presence of pathognomonic intranuclear inclusion bodies. The in situ hybridization technique, however, allowed to detect CPV specific nucleic acid in myocardial tissue where no inclusion bodies were found. Hence, we applied this technique to check formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded myocardial tissue from puppies with heart lesions for the presence of CPV. The tissues had been collected between 1977 and 1989. A biotinylated probe was used for in situ hybridization. This way CPV specific nucleic acid was detected in 3 dogs where CPV myocarditis had not been diagnosed on routinely stained slides because of the lack of intranuclear inclusion bodies. However, in spite of the application of the in situ hybridization technique no further myocardial CPV infection was detected in puppies with heart lesions from after 1979, confirming that the number of puppies with myocardial CPV infection declined after that year.  相似文献   

13.
An approximately 1.5-yr-old free-ranging male Eurasian badger (Meles meles) from the eastern part of Austria had macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with canine distemper virus infection, including nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia with accumulation of macrophages in alveoli that contained intranuclear inclusion bodies, vesicular exanthema of the ventral abdomen, and atrophy of lymphoid tissues. Canine distemper virus-antigen was demonstrable in a variety of organs by using immunohistology. In addition, there were widespread areas of fibrosis in the myocardium that were rich in collagen and paucicellular. Because such changes are comparable with sequelae of the acute cardiac form of canine parvovirus (CPV) infection in dogs, it was speculated that this badger may have experienced CPV myocarditis as a cub but that the corresponding antigen or DNA was not detectable due to resolution of the disease.  相似文献   

14.
A litter of recently-vaccinated puppies in Sweden experienced signs of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Canine parvovirus (CPV) was suspected as the cause of this outbreak on the basis of the clinical signs and the presence of parvoviral antigen in the faeces from one of the affected pups - confirmed using a commercial in-clinic faecal antigen ELISA test kit. A concern was raised about whether the vaccine (which contained a live, attenuated strain of CPV) could have caused the disease and so further faecal samples from the affected pups were submitted for laboratory virus isolation and identification.On cell culture, two out of four faecal samples were found to be virus-positive. This was confirmed as being canine parvovirus by immuno-staining with CPV specific monoclonal antibody. The virus was then tested using a series of PCR probes designed to confirm the identity of CPV and to distinguish the unique vaccine strain from field virus. This confirmed that the virus was indeed CPV but that it was not vaccine strain. The virus was then typed by sequencing the 426 amino acid region of the capsid gene which revealed this to be a type 2c virus.Since its emergence in the late 1970s, canine parvovirus 2 (CPV2) has spread worldwide and is recognised as an important canine pathogen in all countries. The original CPV2 rapidly evolved into two antigenic variants, CPV2a and CPV2b, which progressively replaced the original CPV2. More recently a new antigenic variant, CPV2c, has appeared. To date this variant has been identified in many countries worldwide but there have been no reports yet of its presence in any Scandinavian countries. This case report therefore represents the first published evidence of the involvement of CPV2c in a severe outbreak of typical haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a susceptible litter of pups in Scandinavia.  相似文献   

15.
The in vitro and in vivo binding of a monoclonal antibody (MAB) that recognizes a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen was studied in dogs. Monoclonal antibody 155H.7 was raised in response to innoculation of mice with beta-galactose(1-3)beta N-acetylgalactosamine conjugated to human serum albumin. Avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemical staining of cryostat sections of normal and neoplastic canine tissue specimens revealed heterogenous binding of MAB 155H.7 to the cells of many canine mammary and lung carcinomas and homogenous staining of many sarcomas, including osteogenic sarcoma. In addition, there was variable staining of a variety of normal tissues including some ductual epithelium, peripheral nerve fibers, and some endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Immunoscintigraphy with 131I-labeled MAB 155H.7 was used to study the in vivo distribution of the antibody. The 131I-labeled MAB 155H.7 was administered to 1 clinically normal dog, 7 dogs with osteogenic sarcoma, 1 dog with undifferentiated sarcoma, and 2 dogs with mammary tumor. Scintigraphy revealed concentration of radioactivity in 8 of 10 tumor sites within 24 hours after MAB administration. The ratio of 131I in tumor sites to 131I in the surrounding normal tissues, compared with the similar ratio of 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes ranged from 1.1 to 4.3, in tumor vs normal tissue with a mean value of 2, confirming tumor localization of the radiolabeled MAB in excess of that associated with enhanced tumor vascularization.  相似文献   

16.
Equine alpha- l-proteinase inhibitor (API) consists of three, occasionally four, serum glycoproteins. This study investigated the immunohistochemical localisation of equine API in paraformaldehyde fixed, paraffin embedded equine tissue samples of liver, lung, stomach, pancreas, jejunum and colon in five horses using affinity purified sheep polyclonal and protein A purified mouse monoclonal antibodies, whose specificities were verified by Western blotting. Exposing tissue sections to boiling citrate buffer greatly enhanced antigen recovery and improved immunostaining with both antibodies, resulting in discovery of novel tissue distribution patterns for the horse. In the horses studied, all hepatocytes showed some degree of cytoplasmic staining, many having perinuclear intense granular inclusions. This finding is contrary to findings in human studies where hepatocytes of Pi MM phenotype have proven difficult to stain for human API, despite evidence at the molecular level suggesting hepatocytes as the major source of serum API. This discrepancy may be due to the use of different tissue fixation and antigen recovery techniques. In all other tissues examined, the distribution of equine API was similar to human studies.  相似文献   

17.
犬细小病毒HZ0761株的分离与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采集疑似细小病毒(CPV)感染犬的粪便,采用同步培养法接种胎猫肾细胞(F81)进行病毒分离鉴定。通过PCR检测、HA试验、IFA鉴定、电镜观察和空斑纯化,获得1株犬细小病毒,并命名为HZ0761。感染的F81细胞48h后出现明显的细胞病变;在病料和感染的F81细胞中均扩增出CPV VP2基因的特异性片段(221 bp);病毒液可凝集猪红细胞,血凝价为1∶28,其血凝性能被特异性抗体抑制;IFA可见特异性亮绿色荧光;电镜观察感染的F81细胞核内可见20 nm左右的病毒颗粒;病毒液的TCID50为10-4.8/mL,VP2基因序列分析显示该毒株为CPV-2 a型。  相似文献   

18.
为了研究当前犬细小病毒（canine parvovirus,CPV）国内流行株的遗传变异情况,试验从北京某宠物基地采集疑似CPV感染死亡犬的肠道组织,无菌处理病料后,用F81细胞进行病毒培养,通过电镜形态学观察、血清学、分子生物学和攻毒试验进行鉴定。结果表明,病毒在F81细胞上出现明显的细胞病变（CPE）,电镜观察可见直径20 nm左右的病毒粒子,血凝效价1：256,PCR鉴定在570 bp处有特异性条带,证明分离出1株CPV,命名为CPV-BJ03/17。全基因组测序分析表明,病毒基因组全长4 620 bp,提交GenBank,登录号为：MF134808;该毒株与广东（SC02/2011）、深圳（CPV-s5）和甘肃（CPV-LZ1）等地的分离株亲缘关系较近,核苷酸同源性均为99.7%。VP2氨基酸序列分析表明,CPV-BJ03/17分离株确定为New CPV-2a亚型,主要氨基酸位点与近期分离株BJ15-1等相比无明显变化。动物回归试验表明,CPV-BJ03/17为CPV强毒株。本研究分离出1株CPV强毒株,通过比较CPV的流行情况和遗传变异规律,为CPV的疾病治疗及疫苗研究提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) is one of the diagnostic parameters that support a diagnosis of autoimmune disorders in humans, dogs, and horses, particularly the condition systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The most commonly used method for detecting ANA in canine serum is the indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) that detects dog IgG with reactivity towards mammalian cell nuclei. Interpretation of the IFA results is very subjective and dependent on the source of tissue/cellular substrate. We have developed a flow cytometry based assay to detect canine serum antibodies specific to histones. Histones were chosen as the target antigen because these nuclear proteins are the most common nuclear substrate for ANA in dogs with SLE. Microsphere beads were coated with histones and incubated with canine sera. Bound anti-histone antibodies were detected by FITC-conjugated rabbit F(ab')2 anti-dog IgG. Sera from four groups of dogs (47 dogs total) were tested for anti-histone antibodies and compared with the traditional IFA assay. The groups included 15 healthy dogs, 15 dogs with noninflammatory diseases, 9 dogs with polyarthritis and positive ANA, and 8 German shepherds with perianal fistulas. The microsphere assay results indicated that only one dog in the noninflammatory group and four out of nine dogs in the polyarthritis group had mean fluorescent intensity values above our established cut-off (defined as 2 S.D. above the mean of healthy controls). There was moderate agreement between the anti-histone assay and the traditional ANA (kappa statistic=0.54). Absorption of ANA positive serum with total histones dramatically diminished the fluorescent signal detected by flow cytometry and the speckled nuclear pattern observed by IFA, whereas preabsorption did not change the diffuse nuclear staining pattern. These findings indicate that the anti-histone assay will not replace the ANA test and that other nuclear proteins, such as ribonucleoproteins may contribute to the diffuse ANA patterns.  相似文献   

20.
为建立可以同时检测犬瘟热病毒(CDV)和犬细小病毒(CPV)的双重PCR方法,本研究根据GenBank登录的CDV N蛋白序列和CPV NS基因保守序列,设计合成2对特异性引物。通过优化反应条件,对CDV阳性病毒株反转录后的cDNA模板和CPV的DNA模板进行双重PCR扩增,同时得到2条与试验设计相符的669 bp(CDV)和392 bp(CPV)特异性条带,建立了同时检测CDV和CPV的双重PCR方法。实验结果表明:在同一PCR反应体系中可以同时检测这2种病毒,而对犬腺病毒Ⅰ型、犬腺病毒Ⅱ型、狂犬病毒检测均为阴性;CDV和CPV的最低检出限分别为101.8TCID50和101.4TCID50。采用该方法对在黑龙江省不同地区所采集的30份犬病料样品进行检测,CDV阳性率为30%;CPV阳性率为23.33%,表明建立的PCR方法可以用于临床诊断。  相似文献   

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