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A. R. Cobrin S. L. Blois S. A. Kruth A. C. G. Abrams‐Ogg C. Dewey 《The Journal of small animal practice》2013,54(12):647-655
In both human and veterinary medicine, diagnosing and staging renal disease can be difficult. Measurement of glomerular filtration rate is considered the gold standard for assessing renal function but methods for its assessment can be technically challenging and impractical. The main parameters used to diagnose acute and chronic kidney disease include circulating creatinine and urea concentrations, and urine‐specific gravity. However, these parameters can be insensitive. Therefore, there is a need for better methods to diagnose and monitor patients with renal disease. The use of renal biomarkers is increasing in human and veterinary medicine for the diagnosis and monitoring of acute and chronic kidney diseases. An ideal biomarker would identify site and severity of injury, and correlate with renal function, among other qualities. This article will review the advantages and limitations of renal biomarkers that have been used in dogs and cats, as well as some markers used in humans that may be adapted for veterinary use. In the future, measuring a combination of biomarkers will likely be a useful approach in the diagnosis of kidney disorders. 相似文献
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Jens H?ggstr?m Henrik Duelund Pedersen Clarence Kvart 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2004,34(5):1209-26, vii-viii
Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is the most common cardiac disease in dogs. Although the disease is frequently described in the veterinary literature, many aspects are still unknown or controversial. Based on recent research findings, this article addresses the etiology, pathogenesis, inheritance, diagnosis of early DMVD, diagnosis of mild decompensated heart failure, and efficacy of early medical intervention in clinically compensated dogs. 相似文献
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The Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre and surveillance of wild animal diseases in Canada. 
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下载免费PDF全文 F A Leighton G A Wobeser I K Barker P Y Daoust D Martineau 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1997,38(5):279-284
The Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre (CCWHC) was established in 1992 as an organization among Canada's 4 veterinary colleges, with a mandate to apply veterinary medicine to wildlife management and conservation in Canada. A major function of the CCWHC is nation-wide surveillance of wild animal diseases. Disease surveillance is conceived as consisting of 4 different activities: detection, diagnosis, information management, and use of information. In the CCWHC surveillance program, detection of disease is carried out by a wide range of professional and avocational field personnel, and much effort is expended to stimulate and support this activity. Diagnosis is done by personnel of provincial and federal veterinary laboratories and the CCWHC. Information management is achieved through a national database of wildlife disease incidents developed and maintained by the CCWHC. Use of information is enabled through established channels for distribution of information derived from the surveillance program to persons responsible for wildlife programs and policies, and to the public. There has been a high demand for the services of the CCWHC since its establishment. The CCWHC responds to approximately 2000 requests for information annually, distributes its newsletter to over 1700 recipients, examines approximately 1200 wild animal submissions each year, and has accumulated records of over 5000 disease incidents in its database. Technical information from the CCWHC has benefited federal, provincial/territorial, and nongovernment wildlife agencies; endangered species recovery programs; federal and provincial veterinary services; and federal and provincial public health programs. 相似文献
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Allen DG 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1982,23(11):313-316
Echocardiography is the accepted term for the study of cardiac ultrasound. Although a relatively new tool for the study of the heart in man it has already found wide acceptance in the area of cardiac research and in the study of clinical cardiac disease. Animals had often been used in the early experiments with cardiac ultrasound, but only recently has echocardiography been used as a research and clinical tool in veterinary medicine. In this report echocardiography is used in the research of anesthetic effects on ventricular function and clinically in the diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathy in a cat, ventricular septal defect in a calf, and pericardial effusion in a dog. Echocardiography is now an important adjunct to the field of veterinary cardiology. 相似文献
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Electron microscopy as an aid to the rapid diagnosis of virus diseases of veterinary importance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The use of electron microscopy to assist in the rapid diagnosis of virus diseases of veterinary importance is reviewed. Electron microscopy can be used to assist the laboratory diagnosis of a virus disease at two stages during the investigation; either by demonstrating virus in clinical material or by identifying isolates from tissue culture or similar systems. Direct electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy are particularly useful for rapid diagnosis. The advantages of electron microscopy lie in speed and flexibility, and the disadvantages in the high particle concentration needed and the presumptive nature of a diagnosis. 相似文献
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Pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease has been recognized clinically for many years in veterinary medicine, and clinical diagnosis of this syndrome in dogs has been enhanced greatly by widespread use of echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography. Medical therapy is now available to treat this clinical complication of mitral valve disease, making timely diagnosis even more important to patient longevity and quality of life. 相似文献
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Antinuclear antibodies: presence and specificity in autoimmune connective tissue disease in the dog.
H Hansson 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,69(2-4):225-228
Autoimmune connective tissue disease in both animals and humans present as multi-systemic disorders. Clinical signs referable to joints, musculoskeletal system and Dermatopathies are present. Autoantibody production is a regular feature of systemic autoimmune disease and these antibodies have diagnostic value in both human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we demonstrate that many of the commonly used diagnostic techniques developed for use with human patients may also be adapted for use in dogs. However, in some instances, 'canine specific' autoantibodies, distinct from analogous human antibodies may be detected in sera from dogs with a diagnosis of autoimmune disease. This finding indicates that dogs may develop 'dog-specific' autoimmune connective tissue disease. 相似文献
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《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2014,16(4):277-281
Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia in dogs with structural cardiac disease and can result in significant clinical signs. Several methods of electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation have been described. Biphasic transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in dogs with naturally occurring heart disease has been described in veterinary medicine and has been shown to be highly successful. In humans and research animals intracardiac and transesophageal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been described as an alternative to transthoracic cardioversion. While transesophageal cardioversion is very successful in humans and research animals, this technique has not been previously described in a clinical patient with naturally occurring heart disease in veterinary medicine. This report describes the use of transesophageal cardioversion in a dog with atrial fibrillation and structural cardiac disease. Cardioversion was unsuccessful using two electrodes positioned within the esophagus. Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm was successfully achieved and maintained using one electrode positioned within the esophagus and one electrode positioned within the right atrium using a synchronized monophasic shock of 50 J. 相似文献
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Foley JE Norris CR Jang SS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(3):238-243
We reviewed 14 cases of paecilomycosis in a tertiary care veterinary hospital and all reports of the disease in the veterinary literature. Paecilomycosis is a rare disease primarily of dogs, horses, reptiles, and humans. Clinical manifestations in veterinary patients vary but include disseminated disease and diskospondylitis, particularly in dogs: pneumonia in dogs, horses, and reptiles; keratitis in horses; and miscellaneous local infections. It is important to have an appropriate index of suspicion because the diagnosis can be difficult, particularly in localized disease where it is difficult to determine whether a positive culture represents an etiology or a contamination with an environmental saprophyte. Spinal radiographs, transtracheal washes, histopathology, and fungal culture have proven to be valuable diagnostic tools. The prognosis for paecilomycosis is poor, although some treatment success has been reported, and success rates could improve if additional information were available regarding fungal species occurring in veterinary patients and drugs to which these fungi are susceptible. 相似文献
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The catheter biopsy technique described by Melhoff and Osborne (1977) has been evaluated as a diagnostic aid in lower urinary tract disease in 21 animals. Of 16 animals in which the final diagnosis was known, the diagnosis suggested by the biopsy was accurate in 15. The equipment required for obtaining a biopsy is inexpensive and readily available and the method can be recommended for use in veterinary practice. 相似文献
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Katherine Baine 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2012,21(2):140-148
Aging avian patients are often presented to veterinary practices for routine physical examination or with geriatric-related diseases. The focus of this article is to review treatment modalities and therapeutic options for common disease presentations in the older psittacine patient, including heart disease, chronic hepatic disease, chronic kidney disease, neoplasia, and chronic pain. Factors involved with the decision of euthanasia are also included as a topic of discussion. 相似文献
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在兽医临床和畜牧生产实践中,因用药不慎人为造成牛过敏反应的病例经常发生,这种病例病因清楚,一般可以快速做出诊断并及时进行治疗,但因牛采食玉米秸秆而发生过敏反应的病例实属罕见。玉米秸秆因其碳水化合物含量高、水分含量相对较高、适口性较好、产量高等优点,是近些年来粮改饲推广的重要作物之一。牛采食玉米秸秆出现过敏症状的病例实属罕见,在查找病原方面兽医工作者往往不会往玉米秸秆方面考虑,而不能对病症及时做出准确的临床诊断并施救。笔者在诊疗过程中,遇到了一例因牛采食鲜嫩玉米秸秆而发生过敏反应,根据诊断结果应用抗过敏药物对症治疗,当日收到良好效果,说明诊断准确。通过对该病例的诊治报告,希望对兽医执业人员在该类疾病的诊治方面有所帮助。 相似文献
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Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is an environmental respiratory disease affecting horses. A risk-screening questionnaire (RSQ) for RAO would provide a useful tool to investigate the epidemiology of the disease in horses; our aim in this study was to construct and validate such an instrument. Guidance for what questions to include in the RSQ came from three processes: a review of the scientific literature, a survey of equine practitioners in the UK and a consultation with 19 experts using a modified Delphi technique. The latter consultation consisted of two rounds; agreement amongst the experts increased between the rounds. The quantitative outputs provided estimates of the probabilities of a horse having RAO for each particular piece of historical information or clinical sign. The RSQ for RAO was a short questionnaire for completion by horse owners regarding the horse, its health and its management. The likelihood of a horse having RAO (the RAO score) was calculated from a completed RSQ by combining the relevant estimated probabilities. The RSQ was validated against a reference standard of a veterinary diagnosis including respiratory cytology. This was achieved by inviting veterinary surgeons (residing in Great Britain who had taken part in the practitioner survey, and who had indicated that they used respiratory cytology in the diagnosis of respiratory cases) to participate. During 2003 and 2004 these veterinary surgeons returned RSQs for 40 cases that underwent investigation of the respiratory tract and 40 controls; 18 of the cases were given a final diagnosis of RAO. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to select a positive cut-off of 0.87 for the RSQ for RAO. This suggested that the RSQ had a sensitivity of 0.83 (95% confidence interval=0.59-0.96) and specificity of 0.85 (0.74-0.93) for the diagnosis of apparent RAO (compared to all other diagnoses). 相似文献
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In the last decade there have been significant technological advances and increases in the availability of portable diagnostic equipment for use in the assessment of athletic performance. The design and application of appropriate exercise tests are critical factors for the diagnosis of conditions affecting equine performance and it is therefore necessary for veterinary surgeons using such equipment to develop an understanding of appropriate exercise testing methods. This is the first in a series of three papers covering exercise testing in the equine athlete, interpretation of heart rate and rhythm during exercise and interpretation of dynamic upper respiratory tract function. In this first paper, both performance and clinical exercise testing in the equine athlete are reviewed. 相似文献
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F Stevens 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(4):685-702
The use of small computers for assistance in medical diagnosis is examined in light of their limitations, particularly in a veterinary clinical setting. Various approaches to these problems are discussed with an eye towards "appropriate technology" for the veterinary practice. The author describes two "expert systems" he devised that enable the small computer to aid in the analysis of laboratory data and in the clinical diagnosis of veterinary patients. 相似文献
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皮内注射作为一种常用的兽医注射方法,在动物临床疾病治疗和预防接种上具有广泛的应用途径,是构成动物疫病诊疗与处置体系的重要组成部分。但在实际兽医诊疗活动中,受牛真皮层厚、保定难度大、可供皮下注射的区域小等因素的制约,皮内注射成为了制约兽医临床诊疗效果的瓶颈。为此本文就牛皮肤的特点进行分析,从皮内注射的角度,提出了规范牛皮内注射的操作要点与方法要领,从根本上提高疫苗接种、药剂注射效果提供一定的技术参考和思路借鉴。 相似文献
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毛冬梅 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(5):171-172
细菌疾病诊断治疗是基层兽医工作的重要内容,更是防范传染性疾病发生流行,保障动物健康生长的关键环节。在进行疾病诊治中,一旦出现误诊或者治疗方法不当,药物使用不科学不仅会影响动物的身体健康,还会威胁畜禽动物的生命安全,造成养殖户直接经济损失。该文主要论述基层兽医在猪病诊疗中存在的问题进行论述,并提出改进措施。 相似文献
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随着养殖业的迅速发展，兽用抗菌药物的应用越来越广泛，但由于抗菌药物的不合理选择与滥用导致细菌对抗菌药物的耐药率在逐渐提高，几乎所有细菌都获得耐药基因。目前，细菌耐药已成为一个全球性问题，并且临床上，疾病病因复杂，常表现为多种病原菌的继发感染和混合感染，单一用药往往难以有效控制疾病，严重危害养殖业发展。抗菌药物的联合用药可以提升药物的治疗效果，缓解或减少不良反应，降低细菌耐药性发生率，对混合感染或不能进行细菌学诊断的病例，联合用药还可扩大抗菌范围。而药物代谢动力学（PK）与药效学（PD）结合模型可以有效综合药物、机体和致病菌之间的相互关系，为临床提供合理用药方案。因此，作者通过介绍联合用药的优势与问题，抗菌药物PK/PD的分类及PK/PD对联合用药给药方案的优化与指导，总结现阶段兽药抗菌药物联合用药的PK-PD研究进展，以期促进兽医临床抗菌药物的合理使用。 相似文献