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1.
山西关帝山撂荒地植物群落物种多样性研究(简报)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以52个样方调查数据为基础,采用丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数对山西关帝山撂荒地(撂荒5年)植物群落的物种多样性进行研究,并用方差分析和多重比较的方法研究各群丛之间多样性指数的差异程度。结果表明,1)该撂荒地撂荒5年,属于植被演替初期,多是草本群落,各植被类型的物种多样性指数依次为:黄花苜蓿群丛>芦苇 老鹳草 黄花苜蓿群丛>老鹳草 鹅观草 苦荬菜群丛>紫菀 猪毛蒿群丛>画眉草 芦苇 老鹳草群丛>苦荬菜 猪毛蒿 芦苇群丛>峨参 芦苇群丛>赖草 猪毛蒿 芦苇群丛>水杨梅群丛>直立黄芪 芦苇 猪毛蒿群丛。2)由于群落结构差异大,各群落建群种及伴生种多有不同,对5个物种综合多样性指数进行比较后发现λ、H′优于其他指数。  相似文献   

2.
放牧强度对高寒混播草地群落结构的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
垂穗披碱草/星星草混播草地三个放牧季的放牧试验结果表明:(1)植物群落盖度与放牧强度呈显著的负相关;(2)垂穗披碱草地上现存量的比例随放牧强度的增加而呈下降趋势,星星草和杂类草的比例呈上升趋势;(3)随放牧强度的增加,建群植物垂穗披碱草和星星草的株高呈下降趋势;(4)对照区与其它各放牧区植物群落的相似性系数随放牧强度的增加而减小,说明各放牧处理组植物群落朝着远离对照群落的方向演替。  相似文献   

3.
为明晰不同放牧模式对高寒草句植被特征的影响,以祁连山东缘全年连续放牧(CG)、冷季重度放牧(HG)、冷季轻度放牧(LG)、全年划区轮牧(RG)和全年禁牧(NG)5种不同模式放牧草地为研究对象,系统研究植物群落组成和结构的变化.结果 表明:植物群落的盖度、密度、地上生物量、地下生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、丰富度指数和辛普森指数均在RG样地最高,而在CG样地最低.此外,NG样地禾本科植物密度显著提高,莎草科、豆科、杂类草植物密度、群落总密度、植物群落物种数和多样性降低,和RG样地相比,NG样地总物种数减少了20种.因此,为期5年禁牧致使高寒草句植物群落结构单一化,不利于植物多样性的维持.从提高生产力和植物多样性的角度来看,全年划区轮牧是祁连山东缘高寒草甸生态系统的最佳放牧模式.  相似文献   

4.
<正> hydatophytia——淹没植物群落:指根着生于水底,株体绝大部分淹没在水中的植物群落,即沉水植物群落。=submergedcommunity。hydric community——水生群落:生长于海洋、河流、湖泊、池沼等水环境中的植物群落。它们还可分为漂浮于水面的漂浮植物群落,沉没于水中的水底(沉水)植物群落和浮游于水中的浮游植物群落。=aquatic community,hydrophyticcommunity.  相似文献   

5.
水生植物的氮磷吸收能力及收割管理研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
为了探讨水生植物收割对沟渠湿地氮、磷去除的影响。在生态沟渠中选用水生美人蕉、铜钱草、黑三棱、狐尾藻和灯心草为试验材料,对其氮、磷吸收能力以及收割和不收割进行研究。结果表明,5种植物氮、磷吸收量的季节变化均呈单峰曲线,水生美人蕉值最高,其氮、磷吸收量峰值分别为75.97 和13.52 g/m2;多次收割收获的生物量、总氮、总磷量均是单次收割的几倍,其变化范围为3.62~6.72倍;除黑三棱外,收割措施能够提高湿地底泥氮、磷的去除率。各植物收割区的底泥氮、磷削减率一般在1月份时达到最大值,5种植物的平均总氮、总磷削减率均依次为:水生美人蕉>狐尾藻>铜钱草>灯心草>黑三棱。因此,合适的收割措施既能转移出植物中的营养物质,又能利于植物的恢复和生长,提高底泥氮、磷的去除率。  相似文献   

6.
黄晓霞  丁佼  和克俭  张勇 《草业科学》2013,30(1):110-115
摘要：通过野外调查获取玉龙雪山南坡高山草甸分布区域的植被及环境数据,辅以研究区景观尺度的生境特征指标模拟,应用双向指示种分析法确定了研究区草甸植物群落类型,并结合典范对应分析法（CCA）解释草甸植被分布格局与直接环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,1）研究区草甸植物群落可分成4个群丛：大萼蓝钟花（Gyananthus macrocalyx）群丛、玉龙嵩草+狭叶委陵菜（Kobresia tunicata+Potentilla stenophylla）群丛、嵩草+川滇雀儿豆（Kobresia spp.+Chesneya polystichoides）群丛和云南羊茅（Festuca vierhapperi）群丛;2）CCA分析显示,与植被分布直接相关的光、温、水、肥4类因素中,决定研究区群落分布格局的主要因子是生境温度、土壤有机质和土壤全氮含量。  相似文献   

7.
湿地存亡可以作为荒漠地区植被恢复可持续性的指示器，明晰其生态系统内部植物群落空间分布特征及其与土壤环境因子关系，可为制定与生境高度相适应的多样化植被恢复模式提供科学依据。本研究以宁夏哈巴湖湿地汇水范围为研究对象，在12 km×12 km范围内，设置分辨率为1 km×1 km的152个调查样点的植被和土壤数据，采用多元回归树和冗余分析，探讨不同植物群落类型的空间分布特征及其对土壤理化因子的响应规律。结果表明：1)研究区植物群落可划分为短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)+牛枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)、冰草(Agropyron mongolicum)+赖草(Leymus secalinus)+草木樨状黄芪(Astragalus melilotoides)、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroide)+猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、芨芨草(Splendid achnatherum)+盐爪爪(Slenderbranch Kalidium) 4种植物群落类型。2)土壤粘粉粒含量、生境海拔高度、土壤pH和盐分含量是4种植物群落空间分布的主要控制因素。...  相似文献   

8.
植物物种多样性与地上生物量的关系是近年来生态学的研究热点和前沿问题。通过在内蒙古阿巴嘎旗典型草原[针茅(Stipa capillata)+光穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum)群丛、针茅+赖草(Leymus secalinus)群丛、针茅+多根葱(Allium polyrhizum)群丛和赖草-木地肤(Prostrate summer-cypress)群丛]开展植被特征调查,旨在进一步探讨研究区域草原群落植物物种多样性与地上生物量的关系。结果表明:在该研究区域中,地上总生物量高低表现为针茅+多根葱群丛针茅+赖草群丛赖草-木地肤群丛针茅+光穗冰草群丛;凋落物量高低表现为针茅+赖草群丛针茅+多根葱群丛针茅+光穗冰草群丛赖草-木地肤群丛;草原群落生活型以多年生草本为主,其地上生物量在4个群丛间差异显著(P0.05),且在同一群丛中显著(P0.05)高于其他生活型;草原群落功能群以禾本科为主,其地上生物量在4个群丛间差异显著(P0.05),且在同一群丛中显著(P0.05)高于其他功能群;物种丰富度及群落多样性指数与草原群落地上生物量、凋落物量、生活型中绝对优势生物量和功能群中各生物量均呈显著(P0.05)的负二次函数关系。  相似文献   

9.
为揭示拉萨河流域植物群落间的组成及种间关系。本研究利用100个草本层样方分析群落物种的组成、多样性、种间联结性及生态组。结果表明：(1)研究区植物共有25科58属90种。(2)不同类型的湿地优势种具有明显差异,具槽秆荸荠(Eleocharis valleculosa)、蕨麻(Argentina anserina)、高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)为主要优势种。(3)甲玛湿地多样性指数最大,江夏湿地次之。(4)X2检验、AC(联结系数)、PC(共同出现百分率)和Ф(点相关系数)表明,优势种间联结性不强,各物种相对独立。(5)雅让湿地总体联结性呈显著负关联,塘嘎郭湿地与甲玛湿地总体联结性呈不显著关联,其他2种类型均为显著正关联,说明雅让湿地植物群落多样性较少且物种之间分布不均,湿地总体均处于不稳定演替阶段。(6)根据群落的聚类分析和种间联结测定的结果,把16个主要种划分为3个生态组。为研究区湿地生态系统植被恢复提供重要基础数据。  相似文献   

10.
研究川西北野生雪山大花红景天的生态环境及其分布,解决其种质资源的有效保护和可持续利用问题,采用野外样方调查的方法,对大花红景天资源的分布、生境及其植物群落特点进行了调查研究.通过调查发现,大花红景天适宜在海拔3 200～5 600 m的地区生长,土壤主要为亚高山草甸土、高山草甸土和高山寒漠土.在亚高山草甸区的植物群落特点主要为:禾本草 嵩草 杂类草型,高山草甸区主要以莎草和垫状杂类草构成,草群低矮,平均高度22 cm,植物盖度不及45%,储量不足万吨.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

13.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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