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1.
黄河滩区紫花苜蓿生产性能比较研究   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  
试验采用完全随机区组设计,研究了4个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种在3个不同生长年份的生产性能、植株高度和营养品质.结果表明:1)4个紫花苜蓿品种前3个生长年,其年干物质产量不断上升.到第3年达到顶峰;从3年平均产量来看.以亮苜400产量最高.2)紫花苜蓿不同茬次的产草量呈现"U"型的变化趋势.第1个峰值在第1茬,并且可以持续到第2茬,第2个峰值在最后一茬.7、8月苜蓿的产量均降至最低;株高的变化趋势与产量一致;提高产量的重点在于春季和秋季的生产.3)紫花苜蓿的株高和干物质产量呈现显著(P<0.05)的正相关,叶茎比和粗蛋白含量同样呈极显著正相关.和粗纤维之间呈显著负相关.因此在苜蓿的选育工作中,可以通过在田间测定植株高度、叶茎比,预测该品种饲草的产草量、粗蛋白和粗纤维含量,进而预测其品质.  相似文献   

2.
叶面施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量和营养品质的影响及效益分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了探明喷施不同叶面肥对紫花苜蓿生长、产草量、营养品质的影响及效益分析,试验以种植第二年的东农1号紫花苜蓿为材料,每年刈割三茬,在刈割前20天,分别喷洒自主研制苜蓿专用叶面肥(专利号:201810124670.2;处理1)、0.3%尿素(处理2)、0.5%磷酸二氢钾(处理3)、0.3%尿素+0.1%硫酸亚铁(处理4)、0.3%尿素+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵(处理5)、0.5%磷酸二氢钾+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵(处理6)、0.3%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵(处理7)共7种叶面肥,以喷施净水为对照,观测不同叶面肥种类对苜蓿生长、产草量及营养品质的影响。试验结果表明:不同种类叶面肥的喷施均显著提高其产草量与营养品质,其中7号试验组效果最佳;处理7年总干草产量可达13505.50kg/hm~2,比对照提高27.78%,三茬平均粗蛋白含量可达25.01%,比对照(21.78%)提高14.83%,纯增经济效益达7441.27yuan/hm~2。综合分析得出,受生产成本限制时,可在黑龙江地区喷施处理1叶面肥。  相似文献   

3.
以根茎型清水紫花苜蓿为材料,以根蘖型野生黄花苜蓿和甘农2号杂花苜蓿、直根型陇东紫花苜蓿为对照,在甘肃天水、兰州和武威3个生态区比较不同根型苜蓿的产量和品质,为根茎型苜蓿在生产中的应用提供科学依据。结果表明,根茎型苜蓿粗蛋白质含量最高,两年平均为20.36%;粗纤维含量最低,两年平均为39.47%;产草量低,三年平均产量为4.05kg/m2;株丛高度相对较低,叶量丰富,叶茎比较高,更适合培育优质牧草。生态区域对苜蓿产量和营养成分有着显著影响。各根型苜蓿的株高、叶茎比、产草量在天水均最高,兰州次之,武威最低;各根型苜蓿粗蛋白质含量在兰州地区最高。同一生态区不同年份对苜蓿营养成分亦有影响,除天水地区各材料第一年NFE含量低于第二年外,其余材料第一年头茬草苜蓿的CP、EE、NFE含量均高于第二年头茬草;而CF、CASH、Ca、P含量第二年头茬草高于第一年头茬草。  相似文献   

4.
遮荫对紫花苜蓿生长发育和产草量影响的初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
以3个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种为材料,通过田间遮荫网控制光照强度,研究了紫花苜蓿在不同遮荫强度下(对照、遮荫50%、遮荫80%)的生长情况,分析了紫花苜蓿的生长发育和产草量指标。结果表明,遮荫处理对紫花苜蓿叶绿素a和b含量影响不显著,叶绿素a/b值随遮荫强度的增大而降低;苜蓿株高、茎叶比、产草量等指标随遮荫强度的增大而降低,全年产草量对照分别是遮荫50%和80%的3倍和8倍;第1茬产草量占总产草量的百分比随遮荫强度的增大而增大。在遮荫条件下种植紫花苜蓿,建议遮荫强度不要超过50%,产量以第1茬为主,减少刈割次数。  相似文献   

5.
为解决海河平原区苜蓿第3~5茬草雨季收获难的问题。于2011-2016年在位于河北衡水的河北省农林科学院旱作所试验站开展了单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作5种不同饲草作物模式评价研究,以及单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作青贮玉米的生产性能比较研究。结果表明,单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作不同饲草作物模式评价研究得出,30-30 cm、20-40 cm两种行距处理下的单作苜蓿小区干草产量无显著差异(P>0.05);套作高丹草处理下苜蓿第2年前2茬干草产量显著低于单作苜蓿小区干草产量(P<0.05);套作青贮玉米处理后的总食物当量数显著高于单作苜蓿小区(P<0.05),但套作青贮玉米处理后的总经济效益与单作苜蓿小区无显著差异(P>0.05);套作青贮玉米处理下的平均光能利用率、水分利用效率、土地当量比均显著高于单作苜蓿小区(P<0.05)。单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作青贮玉米的生产性能比较研究得出,30-30 cm、20-40 cm行距套作青贮玉米处理下的苜蓿前2茬干草产量、总食物当量数、总经济效益、平均光能利用率、水分利用效率、土地当量比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合得出,海河平原区单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作青贮玉米的关键种植技术为:单作苜蓿田采用20-40 cm宽窄行秋播种植,于第2年前2茬苜蓿草收获后,在宽行中间套作青贮玉米,青贮玉米密度在6 万株·hm-2以内,9月底将套作的青贮玉米与苜蓿一起收获,之后苜蓿田苜蓿正常越冬,下一年再重复种植青贮玉米。该模式在保证与单作苜蓿同等经济效益的前提下,可有效解决苜蓿3~5茬草雨季收获难、资源利用效率低的问题。  相似文献   

6.
施肥对紫花苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以种植第2年的东农1号紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa 'Dongnong No.1')为试验材料,肥料采用自主研发的苜蓿专用复合肥(专利号:201810193040.0)。以年施肥量(225、300、375、450、525和600 kg·hm~(-2))和施肥时期(返青期,第1次刈割后,第2次刈割后)两个因素进行双因素随机区组设计,设置18个不同的施肥方案,以不施肥作为对照,探讨施肥时期和施肥量对苜蓿产草量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同施肥时期、不同施肥量均能影响苜蓿的产量和品质。其中,返青期一次性施肥525 kg·hm~(-2),年干草产量达到最高,为12.15 t·hm~(-2),比不施肥对照增产38.54%,比第1次和第2次刈割后施同样肥量处理分别高12.50%和18.42%,比返青期一次性施225和600 kg·hm~(-2)处理分别高25.65%和5.29%。年平均粗蛋白含量在返青期施肥450 kg·hm~(-2)时达到最高,为23.54%,比不施肥对照提高14.83%。研究结果为寒地黑土农区紫花苜蓿的施肥提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

7.
为解决海河平原区苜蓿第3～5茬草雨季收获难的问题。于2011-2016年在位于河北衡水的河北省农林科学院旱作所试验站开展了单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作5种不同饲草作物模式评价研究,以及单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作青贮玉米的生产性能比较研究。结果表明,单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作不同饲草作物模式评价研究得出,30-30cm、20-40cm两种行距处理下的单作苜蓿小区干草产量无显著差异(P0.05);套作高丹草处理下苜蓿第2年前2茬干草产量显著低于单作苜蓿小区干草产量(P0.05);套作青贮玉米处理后的总食物当量数显著高于单作苜蓿小区(P0.05),但套作青贮玉米处理后的总经济效益与单作苜蓿小区无显著差异(P0.05);套作青贮玉米处理下的平均光能利用率、水分利用效率、土地当量比均显著高于单作苜蓿小区(P0.05)。单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作青贮玉米的生产性能比较研究得出,30-30cm、20-40cm行距套作青贮玉米处理下的苜蓿前2茬干草产量、总食物当量数、总经济效益、平均光能利用率、水分利用效率、土地当量比均无显著差异(P0.05)。综合得出,海河平原区单作紫花苜蓿田夏季套作青贮玉米的关键种植技术为:单作苜蓿田采用20-40cm宽窄行秋播种植,于第2年前2茬苜蓿草收获后,在宽行中间套作青贮玉米,青贮玉米密度在6万株·hm-2以内,9月底将套作的青贮玉米与苜蓿一起收获,之后苜蓿田苜蓿正常越冬,下一年再重复种植青贮玉米。该模式在保证与单作苜蓿同等经济效益的前提下,可有效解决苜蓿3～5茬草雨季收获难、资源利用效率低的问题。  相似文献   

8.
喷施叶面肥是提高苜蓿产草量和品质的有效措施之一。为探明不同叶面肥成分对紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）生长、产草量和品质的影响,并筛选紫花苜蓿优质高产的叶面施肥方案,本试验以生长第2年的‘东农1号’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘Dongnong No.1’）为材料,在春季返青期一次性土壤施肥基础上,于刈割前20天分别喷施苜蓿专用叶面肥（自主研制,专利申请号：201810124670.2）、0.3%尿素、0.5%磷酸二氢钾、0.3%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾、0.3%尿素+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵、0.5%磷酸二氢钾+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵,0.3%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵这7种叶面肥（分别简称叶面肥A,B,C,D,E,F,G）,以喷施清水为对照,每年刈割3茬,观测不同叶面肥对‘东农1号’紫花苜蓿高度、茎叶比、产草量和营养品质的影响,并进行经济效益比较分析。结果表明：喷施叶面肥均可显著提高紫花苜蓿垂直高度、产草量和粗蛋白含量;其中叶面肥G处理下,全年总干草产量达14 595.81 kg·hm-2,比对照提高17.70%;平均粗蛋白含量为25.43%,比对照提高3.12%。叶面肥A处理纯增经济效益和产投比分别达2 414.57元·hm-2和2.63,是叶面肥G处理的2.65倍和8.77倍。经过综合比较分析,在寒地黑土农区喷施紫花苜蓿专用叶面肥（A处理）相对投入较少,产出较多,综合效益最高。  相似文献   

9.
筛选新育成的根蘖型苜蓿品种综合种4号、5号、6号共三个品系,建立人工放牧草地,第二年进行2次放牧。按放牧前后植被特征(盖度、密度、株高、根蘖发生率等)和产草量来比较,综合种6号、5号、4号均优于加拿大兰吉兰德根蘖型苜蓿和公农1号紫花苜蓿,并具有耐牧性强的特点。  相似文献   

10.
适宜放牧的根蘖型苜蓿新品种放牧利用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
筛选新育成的根蘖型苜蓿品种综合种 4号、5号、6号共三个品系 ,建立人工放牧草地 ,第二年进行2次放牧。按放牧前后植被特征 (盖度、密度、株高、根蘖发生率等 )和产草量来比较 ,综合种 6号、5号、4号均优于加拿大兰吉兰德根蘖型苜蓿和公农 1号紫花苜蓿 ,并具有耐牧性强的特点。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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