共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
本研究将λDNA导入中国春小麦，对其后代D1，D2代的花粉母细胞(PMC)减数分裂行为进行了细胞学观察，并对形态性状的变异进行了跟踪统计。D1、D2代的减数分裂过程中均出现了单价体、染色体落后、染色体桥、多极分裂等异常现象。D1代PMC减数分裂变异率为25．54％，但未发现明显的形态性状变异。D2代PMC减数分裂变异率为24．05％，与D1代相比，D2代的PMC减数分裂变异开始分化，观察的出现PMC减数分裂变异的30个单株中变异幅度为9．04％～57．14％。D2代群体形态性状发生了丰富的变异，在株高、茎秆硬度、穗长、穗粒数等方面出现了变异，并且出现了茎秆坚硬、穗长增长、穗粒数增多的优良个体。 相似文献
2.
3.
《华北农学报》2018,(Z1)
为了克服亚麻属不同种间存在的生殖隔离,从而利用亚麻野生种优异基因进行资源创制,采用花粉管通道法将亚麻野生种垂果亚麻的基因组DNA导入到栽培种坝选三号中,获得T0种子。T1播种后所获24个单株中有3株发生明显变异,转化后代的株高、工艺长度、分茎数、分枝数及单株蒴果数与受体坝选三号相比较,均发生明显增加。利用18条引物对供体、受体及24株T1导入材料的基因组DNA进行了RAPD扩增分析,从中筛选到6条多态性引物(OPH20、OPK14、S103、S118、OPJ4、OPT6)对8个样品的DNA扩增产物带型出现明显差异,占全部所用引物的33. 3%。RAPD分析表明,D14、D17、D22 3个植株的RAPD谱带中均有来自于供体的特异条带,结合考种数据,认为是供体DNA片段成功整合进了受体基因组中引起了表型上的变化。利用花粉管通道法向胡麻栽培种中导入野生种基因组DNA能够在当代引起多种变异,同时也可在分子水平上检测到基因组的差异,推测大片段外源DNA同源重组可能是变异的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(9):3046-3052
本研究利用花粉管通道法,将高粱无融合生殖系SSA-1 (Shanxi sorghum apomict-1)的全基因组DNA导入水稻‘辽盐28号’、‘辽盐6号’两个品种,子代的遗传性状发生了明显变化,经过连续自交选择和鉴定,获得了27个表型稳定的D_4代株系。通过田间种植,对导入株系的抽穗期、分蘖数、株高、千粒重等农艺性状的表型进行了统计分析。结果表明:D_4代株系的农艺性状存在广泛变异,部分D_4代株系茎秆、穗粒颜色更偏向供体高粱,表明高粱全基因组DNA成功导入受体细胞,并对受体基因的表达产生了影响,与受体亲本相比,导入株系在抽穗期、分蘖数、株高、每穗粒数、每穗粒重、穗长、千粒重等主要性状上都表现出明显变异。进一步对变异株系分析筛选有助于挖掘新种质材料,为选育水稻新品种提供丰富的种质资源。 相似文献
5.
6.
玉米DNA导入水稻变异后代的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用花粉管通道法将以玉米DNA导入水稻品种龙粳4中,以提高水稻的光合效率。对生育中、后期叶绿素a、b和叶绿素含量、净光合速率、DNA差异、过氧化物酶及脂酶同工酶电泳和农艺性状的研究表明：与受体相比,外源DNA导入引起变异后代在生理、DNA、蛋白质和形态性状上发生改变,从而引起光合特性表现不同程度的变异。证明通过导入可以将玉米的高光效特性传递到水稻中,为常规育种与生物技术相结合选育高光效水稻新品种提供依据。 相似文献
7.
外源DNA直接导入大豆遗传变异的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用花粉管通道导入法,将外源ＤＮＡ导入栽培大豆中,供体的一些抗逆性、优质和其他优良性状,在受体的导入后代中得以表达,分析受体遗传变异规律,发现大豆蛋白质这一生化指标独立于其他农艺性状,是由简单基因控制的遗传。并且从变异后代中筛选出有突出优点且综合性状优良的新种质材料。 相似文献
8.
9.
转反义PLDγ基因小麦的分子检测及农艺性状分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用改良的穗茎注射法将反义PLDγ基因导入普通小麦兰考906，经特异PCR扩增和PCR-Southern杂交技术筛选出转化体并分析研究了转化株系与受体性状的差异。结果表明: (1) 3个材料扩增出与阳性质粒大小相同的400 bp的目的片段，说明该基因已整合到小麦的基因组中，获得了转基因小麦植株。（2）转基因株系在农艺性状上与受体存在显著差异，主要表现为株高、千粒重、单株穗数增加。变化范围分别为79.2～83.8 cm、50.53～52.98 g、5.30～8.86穗，分别比对照提高13.4 cm、6.94 g、3.82穗；而穗长、小穗数、穗粒数减少。（3）转基因株系的成熟期明显比受体提早4~8 d；转化株系早代和后代中均存在完全的雄性不育现象。 相似文献
10.
比较分析了同一四倍体小麦Langdon与5个不同粗山羊草在合成六倍体小麦前后A、B、D染色体组不同染色体上的微卫星变异, 旨在通过分析异源多倍化引起的微卫星位点和序列变异以期探讨异源多倍体的进化机制。在所检测的位于A、B染色体组上各125个特异微卫星(G-SSR)标记中,分别有5个(4.0%)和6个(4.8%)位点发生变异;而在76个A/B染色体组上的表达序列标签微卫星(EST-SSR)标记中,只有2个(2.6%)发生了变异,比A、B染色体组G-SSR变异频率小,说明功能基因区的变异小于重复序列非编码区。在D染色体组上的103个G-SSR标记中,3个位点(2.9%)发生了序列变化。对表现差异的微卫星位点序列分析发现,人工合成小麦中多倍化引起的微卫星序列变异主要表现为简单序列重复单元次数的增加或减少;发生消除的微卫星序列比普通的微卫星序列更易发生不同类型的序列改变。微卫星序列在异源多倍化过程中对新物种基因组的形成可能起到重要的调节作用。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
14.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献