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1.
为了研究柴达木盆地东南部气候变化趋势,笔者利用柴达木盆地东南部都兰县气象局观测的1961—2016年气温资料,使用线性倾向估计、滑动平均、M-K突变分析等方法,分析了都兰县1961—2016年气温的变化特征。结果表明：1961—2016年都兰县年平均最高气温、年平均气温、年平均最低气温均呈极显著升高趋势,其气候倾向率分别为0.33 ℃/10a、0.28 ℃/10a、0.24℃/10a。年极端最高气温以0.23℃/10a的气候倾向率呈显著升高趋势,年极端最低气温以0.17℃/10a的气候倾向率呈不显著升高趋势。突变分析表明,年极端最低气温、年平均最低气温、年平均气温和年极端最高气温、年平均最高气温分别在1966年、1979年、1985年和1990年发生了由低到高的突变。 相似文献
2.
为给黑龙江省合理开发利用热量资源提供科学依据,基于黑龙江省1961—2017 年79 个观测站的逐日气温资料和DEM数据,采用5 日滑动平均法、一元线性回归法、Kendall-Theil 线性趋势估计法以及GIS的空间分析技术,探讨了黑龙江省热量资源时空变化特征。结果表明：1961—2017 年黑龙江省稳定通过10℃积温以27~101℃·d/10 a 的趋势显著增加。小兴安岭北部从黑河、孙吴到逊克,再到嘉荫一带,平均气温增加趋势明显大于大兴安岭地区的漠河和塔河以及三江平原的大部分区域。最低平均气温呈显著上升趋势,平均气温次之,最高平均气温的线性趋势无显著变化;冬季最低平均气温上升趋势明显高于夏季。松嫩平原及三江平原地区的热量资源较为丰富,大小兴安岭及张广才岭山区等地区热量资源相对较差。 相似文献
3.
《中国农学通报》2019,(10)
为给黑龙江省合理开发利用热量资源提供科学依据,基于黑龙江省1961—2017年79个观测站的逐日气温资料和DEM数据,采用5日滑动平均法、一元线性回归法、Kendall-Theil线性趋势估计法以及GIS的空间分析技术,探讨了黑龙江省热量资源时空变化特征。结果表明:1961—2017年黑龙江省稳定通过10℃积温以27～101℃·d/10 a的趋势显著增加。小兴安岭北部从黑河、孙吴到逊克,再到嘉荫一带,平均气温增加趋势明显大于大兴安岭地区的漠河和塔河以及三江平原的大部分区域。最低平均气温呈显著上升趋势,平均气温次之,最高平均气温的线性趋势无显著变化;冬季最低平均气温上升趋势明显高于夏季。松嫩平原及三江平原地区的热量资源较为丰富,大小兴安岭及张广才岭山区等地区热量资源相对较差。 相似文献
4.
为探究气候变化下滁州市近50 a气温和降水量变化特征。[方法]运用趋势分析法、Mann-Kendall非参数检验法和小波分析法探究了1961~2013年滁州市气温和降水的年代际变化特征、突变特征和周期特征。[结果]主要结论如下：(1)过去53年,滁州市年平均气温呈明显的增加趋势,气候倾向率为0.26℃/10a;其中春季气温增势最明显,冬季和秋季次之,夏季气温略有增势。年降水量也呈明显的增加趋势,气候倾向率为15.60mm/10a;其中夏季和冬季降水量呈增加趋势,而春季和秋季降水量呈减少趋势。(2)年平均气温在2001年发生增加突变,年降水量在1986年发生增加突变;年平均气温存在17a的主周期,年降水量存在17a左右的主周期和7~8a次周期。(3)气温和降水量呈明显的负相关。[结论]全球变化下,滁州市气温和降水量均呈增加趋势。 相似文献
5.
为了农牧业生产结构调整,充分掌握利用当地热量资源,做好气象为农牧业服务工作。选用1954—2015年气温资料,运用气候诊断分析方法,对石河子地区气候变暖及热量资源分析。结果表明:石河子地区年平均气温升高趋势明显,气候倾向率为0.39℃/10 a,说明石河子地区气候变暖明显;年平均气温在1988年、1989年发生气候突变,突变前后年平均气温升高了1.3℃;≥0℃、≥10℃积温增加趋势明显,气候倾向率分别为96.86℃·d/10 a、119.20℃·d/10 a,并在1985年和1986年出现突变,突变后热量资源平均增加306℃·d、364℃·d。石河子地区气温升高气候变暖热量资源增加,对农业经济发展,尤其对棉花丰产丰收具有较大的帮助。 相似文献
6.
1961—2013年滁州市气温和降水变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国农学通报》2015,(35)
为探究气候变化下滁州市近53年气温和降水量变化特征,运用趋势分析法、Mann-Kendall非参数检验法和小波分析法,探究1961—2013年滁州市气温和降水的年代际变化特征、突变特征和周期特征。结果表明:(1)过去53年,滁州市年平均气温呈明显的上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.26℃/10 a;其中春季气温增势最明显,冬季和秋季次之,夏季气温略有增势。年降水量也呈明显的增加趋势,气候倾向率为15.60 mm/10 a;其中,夏季和冬季降水量呈增加趋势,而春季和秋季降水量呈减少趋势。(2)年平均气温在2001年发生增加突变,年降水量在1986年发生增加突变;年平均气温存在17年的主周期,年降水量存在17年左右的主周期和7~8年次周期。(3)气温和降水量呈明显的负相关。在全球变暖下,滁州市气温和降水量均呈增加趋势。 相似文献
7.
基于1961-2019年松嫩平原盐碱地区域的13个气象站的逐日气象资料，分析了松嫩平原全年及水稻生长季内的平均气温、活动积温、昼夜温差、降水量和日照时数等农业气候资源的时空变化特征。结果表明，与第Ⅰ阶段（1961-1990年）相比，第Ⅱ阶段（1991-2019年）松嫩平原盐碱地区域的热量资源明显增加，年均气温升高了1.1℃，年均气温的气候倾向率分布在0.23℃/10a~0.41℃/10a，5℃等值线向北推移了约2.2°。最冷月和最热月的平均气温分别增加了1.4℃和0.7℃。水稻生长季内≥10℃的活动积温增加了248.7℃·d，活动积温3000℃·d等值线北移了约2.6°，昼夜温差降低了0.6℃。年日照时数和生长季内日照时数均呈降低趋势，分别降低了184.0和17.4h。以松花江为界，吉林省部分地区的降水量减少，黑龙江省部分地区的降水量略增加。该区域农业气候资源的整体变化特征表现为暖湿趋势，这必然会对该区域的盐碱地水稻生产产生一定的影响。 相似文献
8.
1961—2013年吉林省气温与降水变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究吉林省气候变化现状,根据1961—2013年20个气象站的平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温及降水量的年、月数据资料,采用线性分析、滑动平均、Mann-Kendall突变检验、空间插值等方法对吉林省气温和降水量变化特征进行分析。结果表明:近53年吉林省年平均气温变化在3.25~6.63℃之间,存在显著的上升趋势,倾向率为0.286℃/10 a,并在1986年发生突变。季节气温变化中冬季增温最明显。吉林省气温受海拔影响较大,其中中西部平原地区和敦化、靖宇两地为平均气温增温最明显地区。年降水量变化在489.28~825.26 mm之间,整体呈微增长态势,倾向率为0.5 mm/10 a,突变年份为1987年。季节降水量变化趋势较为平缓,主要表现出春冬增长、夏秋减少的趋势差异。年降水量减少较明显地区为吉林省的西北部和长白山地区,而松花江流域则表现出明显的增长趋势。吉林省气候整体表现出有暖干化的趋势。 相似文献
9.
在气候变暖背景下,分析高寒地区0 ℃界限温度变化特征,以期为合理开发农牧业气候资源。利用青海省高寒地区贵南县气象局观测的1961—2017年逐日平均气温资料,采用滑动平均法、线性倾向估计、M-K突变分析等方法,对高寒地区贵南县≥0 ℃初日、终日、持续日数及同时期积温变化特征进行分析。结果表明：近57年高寒地区贵南县气温稳定通过0℃的初日呈不显著的提前趋势,终日呈不显著的后延趋势；持续日数以1.48 d.10a-1的气候倾向率呈现显著增多趋势；≥0 ℃的积温以每10年30.2 ℃.d的气候倾向率呈现极显著的升高趋势。气温稳定通过0℃的初日、终日未发生突变；持续日数在1985年发生了由少到多的突变；积温在1994年发生由少到多突变。 相似文献
10.
新疆农八师垦区热量资源变化对农业的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为掌握新疆农八师垦区气温和热量资源变化规律,利用1955—2012年气候资料,采用气候倾向率、标准偏差及信噪比等气候统计诊断技术,研究热量资源变化特征。结果表明：年平均气温、≥0℃积温、≥10℃积温升高趋势明显,气候倾向率分别为0.364℃/10 a、89.981℃·d/10 a和111.23℃·d/10 a。年平均气温在1989年突变性升高,突变前后平均升高1.2℃;≥0℃积温在1989年突变性增加,突变后增加254℃·d;≥10℃积温在1994年突变性增加,突变后增加377℃·d。新疆农八师垦区20世纪90年代初气候明显变暖,热量资源增加,对于农业来说利弊共存,应扬长避短,趋利避害是开发利用热量资源首要准则。本研究结果可为当地农业建设、作物调整提供农业气候资源依据。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献