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骨骼构成机体结构的基本框架,骨形成和骨吸收的动态平衡关系到骨骼健康。钙和磷是动物体骨骼生长发育过程中重要的矿物质元素,机体对其吸收与调控直接影响骨代谢过程。血钙和血磷水平的变化,改变了机体相关调节激素的分泌,而这些激素可影响骨骼发育,因此,钙、磷代谢与骨骼健康紧密相关。综合国内外钙、磷代谢和骨代谢等方面的研究,从钙、磷的吸收和代谢,含量和比例以及钙磷代谢相关调节激素对骨骼发育的调控机制等方面进行综述,旨在为后续动物钙、磷代谢和骨骼之间调控的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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低磷、高氟、低硒性黄牛跛行的病因学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以饲料和土壤低磷、高氟、低硒为线索，检测跛行黄牛血清中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、羟脯氨酸（HYPRO）、维生素D以及甲状旁腺素（PTH）等钙、磷代谢的相关指标的动态变化，探讨低磷、高氟、低硒对黄牛骨骼和肌肉的影响，以及这些致病因素之间的相互关系，为黄牛跛行病的病因学诊断和防治提供依据。结果显示：（1）土壤和饲料低磷，导致黄牛血清低磷及钙磷比例失调是引起黄牛跛行的直接因素。（2）土壤、饲料高氟是加重钙磷代谢障碍引发跛行的主要因素。（3）黄牛硒缺乏导致的肌肉损伤，是引发跛行的并发因素。 相似文献
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钙和磷是鸡体骨骼的主要组成部分。蛋壳中碳酸钙占93%以上,另有少量的磷。蛋壳和鸡体内钙磷是鸡通过采食饲料钙磷吸收转化而来。对健康的产蛋鸡群来讲,每天食入体内钙磷量的多少,或者说日粮中含钙磷量的多少以及钙磷之间的比例如何,直接影响着机体钙磷代谢,影响着蛋壳的质量 相似文献
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铅对骨代谢生化指标影响的研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(5):45-50
铅是一种重金属污染物,对人和动物健康损害极大。众多研究发现铅毒性作用的重要靶器官是骨骼,即铅进入机体后会蓄积在骨骼内,极易导致骨质疏松症。在临床上,铅对骨骼的危害主要通过一些骨代谢生化指标进行评估,如PINP、OPG、β-CTX、CT等。近年来多项研究发现骨代谢生化指标可以反映骨代谢状态以及骨转换率,这对于骨质疏松症的鉴别诊断具有重要意义。综述了铅对骨代谢生化指标影响的研究进展,以期为探究铅对骨代谢影响的分子机制提供参考。 相似文献
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微量元素氟的生理作用及其对畜禽健康的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
氟是畜禽正常生长必需的微量元素之一，适量的氟对畜禽的牙齿、骨骼、钙磷代谢、生长发育和繁殖均有着积极作用。综述了氟的来源、需要、吸收、分布及代谢以及生理功能和过量氟对机体健康的影响，并简要介绍了氟中毒的防治措施。 相似文献
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Mithramycin (0.1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to eight Beagle dogs on days 0 and 7 to determine its effects on calcium and phosphorus metabolism, serum parathyroid hormone concentration, osteoclastic bone resorption, and serum biochemical and hematologic parameters. Ionized calcium concentration was paradoxically increased on day 1 and decreased on day 8 in association with an increased serum parathyroid hormone concentration. Serum phosphorus concentration was decreased on days 1 and 2. Osteoclastic bone resorption in iliac cancellous bone was significantly decreased on day 8. There were mild increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (days 1, 2, 4, 8, 9), aspartate aminotransferase (day 9), and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (days 7, 9) activities. Platelet numbers were increased on days 7 through 13, and packed red blood cell volumes were mildly decreased. This investigation demonstrates that two doses of mithramycin can be administered safely to dogs and may inhibit bone resorption in diseases associated with increased osteoclastic bone resorption, such as humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. 相似文献
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骨代谢相关血液生化指标的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
骨代谢包括骨合成和骨吸收两个过程。受到很多因素的影响,遗传、营养、环境、性别及内分泌等都是关键调节因素。当骨吸收过程大于骨合成过程,导致骨量流失,骨密度降低,进一步发展为骨质疏松症。骨代谢过程受到内分泌的影响,很多骨代谢血液生化指标对骨病的研究起到重要作用。近年来,国内外大量的研究报道了与骨代谢相关的血液生化指标。作者着重对血钙与血磷、甲状旁腺激素、1,25-二羟维生素D3、白细胞介素、血清总碱磷酶和骨碱磷酶等骨代谢血液生化指标对骨形成和分解的影响进行了综述。 相似文献
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骨源性激素成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)介导由甲状旁腺、肾脏、骨骼和维生素D组成的负反馈回路,建立"骨骼-肾脏-甲状旁腺"内分泌轴,参与骨矿物质代谢并发挥重要作用。钙、磷、铁、维生素D、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)/FGF以及蛋白质翻译后修饰调控FGF23的分泌、活性和胞内过程。随着深入的研究,探索出了一些以FGF23为靶点治疗骨矿物质代谢障碍疾病的新疗法。本文综述了FGF23在骨矿物质代谢中的作用及其调控机理的研究进展,以期为相关研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Effects of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in beagle dogs 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Fukuda S Iida H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(1):69-73
The effects of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in male beagle dogs were examined using twelve 2-year-old dogs that were orchidectomized. The dogs' bilateral iliac bones, double-labeled with tetracycline and calcein for the histomorphometry, were obtained from three dogs prior to orchidectomy and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months afterwards. The serum biochemical constituents related to bone metabolism were examined before and every month after orchidectomy. Between 1 and 6 months after orchidectomy, the value of serum testosterone decreased (1 month), while the levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, total calcium, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly, indicating a high bone turnover. The mean trabecular thickness and the fraction of labeled osteoid surface decreased significantly 3 months after orchidectomy, but other histomorphometric parameters were unchanged. In the period 7-12 months after orchidectomy, the parathyroid hormone level increased ever and above that of the first 6-month period, while the levels of calcitonin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, and phosphorus decreased. The bone volume, mean trabecular thickness, and the fraction of labeled trabecular surface decreased significantly compared with the pre-orchidectomy values. These findings indicate an imbalance in bone metabolism (i.e. bone resorption > bone formation). These results indicate that a loss of bone volume accompanied the fall in sex hormone levels following orchidectomy and suggest that the orchidectomized dog is available as an animal model for studying osteoporosis caused by hypogonadism and the decline of sex functions in men. 相似文献
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Espino L Guerrero F Suarez ML Santamarina G Goicoa A Fidalgo LE 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2003,50(10):488-495
The beneficial effects of anionic salts on calcium metabolism have been shown by supplementing rations with such salts during the last 3 weeks of pre-partum. However, there are few reports on the effects of anionic salts supplementation for periods of 4 weeks or longer on acid-base status, mineral metabolism and bone morphology. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the long-term dietary supplementation of anionic salts on the acid-base status, plasma minerals concentrations and bone morphology in sheep. Twenty-seven twin-bearing sheep were assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, depending on dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) (+272.6, -88.9 and + 164.5 mEq/kg DM, respectively). Sheep assigned to each dietary treatment received their respective rations beginning 6 weeks prepartum and continuing until 12 days post-partum. Diets containing anionic salts induced a mild metabolic hyperchloraemic acidosis from 1 week pre-partum to 2 days post-partum that was completely compensated by non-respiratory mechanisms. These changes on acid-base status were accompanied by an increase of plasma ionized calcium levels. Plasma total calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. Parathyroid hormone concentrations were related to the concentration of ionized calcium of plasma and were higher in sheep fed the cationic diet. Plasma osteocalcin levels were increased in sheep fed the anionic diet and cortical bone remodelling occurred in all the animals during late pregnancy in light and electron microscopy observation, but was particularly evident in the sheep fed the anionic diet. Bone turnover might be stimulated because of the role of the bone in buffering systemic acidosis. The data suggest that anionic salts ameliorated calcium metabolism around parturition by increasing bone resorption and the concentration of ionised calcium in plasma, possibly mediated by a mild hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis induced by the salts. 相似文献
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Ciaramella P Piantedosi D De Luna R Oliva G Consalvo F Persechino A 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2000,47(7):431-437
Blood levels of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, osteocalcin, intact parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, alkaline phosphatase activity, creatinine and thyroid hormones were estimated in 10 healthy buffalo during late pregnancy (30, 15 days and 7 days before calving), within 12 h after calving and 7-15-30-45 and 60 days after calving. The almost constant serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, and the low calcitonin concentration indicate that these buffalo need to utilize only a little of their endogenous mineral resources. Bone-turnover could be demonstrated by variations in the serum levels of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase activity. A study of these bone markers could be useful for other research purposes and for future clinical application in pathological conditions. 相似文献