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1.
仿刺参体壁表皮再生组织学和超微结构观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究采用手术方法刮掉仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)体壁表皮,将受伤仿刺参放入海水中饲养,通过光学显微镜和透射电镜观察再生表皮的组织学、超微结构变化.表皮再生开始于手术后24 h,创面中央新生出表皮,结缔组织中出现扩增细胞.再生48 h,创面有新生角质层出现,上皮细胞单层.再生72 h,上皮细胞仍保持单层,角质层形成清晰可见,扩增细胞开始聚集.表皮再生96 h,角质层增厚,达到正常体壁角质层的厚度,角质层表面形成许多突起,上皮细胞达2～3层,扩增细胞聚集成细胞团,从结缔组织中迁移至表皮.再生13 d,扩增细胞团萎缩.再生19 d,组织基本恢复至正常形态,扩增细胞经分化后已均匀分布到新生表皮层,细胞团消失,上皮细胞排列有序,结缔组织结构疏松,质地均匀. 相似文献
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为研究三叶唇鱼(Cheilinus trilobatus)消化系统组织特征,采用组织切片技术,对三叶唇鱼消化系统进行组织学观察。结果发现：三叶唇鱼消化道由口咽腔、食道、小肠和直肠构成。口咽腔内颌齿和咽齿发达,颌齿单行排列,1对上咽齿呈三角形左右对称分布,下咽齿由颗粒状齿愈合而成,呈“T”型;肠道短粗,在体腔内形成一个弯曲,呈“之”型排列,比肠长0.32±0.11;消化腺由肝胰脏和胆囊构成,肝脏分成3片,中间大、两边小,包裹在小肠上,胰脏沿肝血管呈弥散状分布在肝脏组织内部,胆囊呈椭圆型,位于肝腹叶下部,肝总管在小肠前部紧挨食道后与小肠连通,比肝胰脏重(1.43±0.32)%。口咽腔壁光滑,粘膜层主要由复层扁平细胞组成,表层有少量杯状细胞,中间有圆形粘液细胞,表层分布有味蕾。食道由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层组成,粘膜层由二级和三级指状突起构成,基部有“凹”型类似外分泌腺的结构;肌层特别发达,由外环肌和内纵肌组成,纵肌层呈不连续束状分布,外包一层浆膜,与粘膜下层分界不明显,两肌层间可见肌间神经丛分布。小肠和直肠均由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层组成,粘膜层多为一级和二级指状突起,由单层柱... 相似文献
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该研究采用解剖、石蜡切片和HE染色法对宽口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax eurystomus)消化系统解剖特征和组织切片进行观察。结果显示,其消化管管壁由内向外分别为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜,主要差别在于黏膜层和肌层。食道黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,上皮间分布有大量杯状细胞;前肠和中肠黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,明显可见刷状缘、杯状细胞和淋巴细胞分布其间;后肠黏膜上皮为假复层柱状上皮,其间也有杯状细胞和淋巴细胞分布,肠道中杯状细胞由前至后逐渐增多。食道肌层为内环外纵的骨骼肌;前肠肌层为内环外纵的平滑肌;中肠和后肠为内螺旋外环行的平滑肌。消化腺由肝脏和胰腺组成,胰腺弥散状分布在肝脏中,肝小叶不明显。研究表明,宽口裂腹鱼消化系统组织学特征与其食性具有适应性。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹 (河蟹 )的体壁是支撑体躯 ,保护内脏的器官 ,在神经内分泌的调控下经肌肉牵引产生运动 ,保证了捕食和逃避敌害行为的完成。但体壁限制了河蟹的生长发育 ,影响种苗的存活及生活史序列的进行 ,因此必须借蜕壳来完成发育过程和上述行为功能。河蟹体壁的基本结构可分基膜、上皮细胞和角质膜等三层。基膜呈白色 ,由结缔组织或上皮细胞分泌物组成。上皮细胞为一层柱状上皮 ,由它向外分泌内、外、上角质膜及钙化、未钙化几丁质和黑色素粒 ,它们在河蟹的蜕壳、变态及色素形成中起着重要的作用。研究河蟹的蜕壳、变态和生长及生理机制的调… 相似文献
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长鳍篮子鱼消化道显微与超微结构观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用光镜和电镜技术观察了长鳍篮子鱼消化道的组织结构。结果表明,食道黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,表层扁平细胞下有黏液细胞,黏膜下层含有大量腺体。胃黏膜上皮为单层柱状,胃贲门、盲囊部分布有许多腺体,幽门部较少;胃柱状细胞中有较多的线粒体、粗面内质网和高尔基体,在一些细胞中含有大量的吞饮泡。肠道黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,其中含有许多杯状细胞;肠上皮细胞游离面有密集的微绒毛,侧面有连接复合体,胞内细胞器较丰富,在细胞上部分布有大量多泡体。由前肠到后肠,黏膜褶皱高度由高变低,数量逐渐减少,肌层逐渐变厚,后肠分布有大量淋巴细胞,紧密排列成环状。幽门盲囊组织构造与肠道相似,但上皮细胞游离面有比肠道更密集的微绒毛。长鳍篮子鱼消化道组织结构的特点与其消化、吸收作用密切相关。 相似文献
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中国龙虾早期叶状幼体消化道的组织结构观察 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用光镜和电镜对中国龙虾叶状幼体发育早期(Ⅰ～Ⅳ期)消化道的组织学、组织化学和超微结构进行了研究。消化道可分为前肠、中肠和后肠。前肠包括口、食道和胃。消化道壁由粘膜层、结缔组织层、肌肉层和外膜组成。除中肠外,其余消化管壁上皮均覆盖有几丁质层。消化道结构随幼体发育逐渐复杂化。口部的口器发达。食道壁内褶形成四个食道嵴。贲门胃的结构简单,至Ⅳ期幼体只有胃磨齿的雏形;幽门胃内具有由栉状刚毛组成的腺滤器,其结构与过滤功能逐渐完善。中肠上皮细胞具微绒毛,胞质中富含胞器。后肠有六个纵嵴。各段管壁上皮细胞内的胞器以线粒体与内质网居多。在各期幼体消化道中,几丁质层具较多的多糖类物质,中肠上皮细胞含少量糖原;肌细胞内含丰富蛋白质,幽门胃与中肠上皮的含量次之。还探讨了龙虾幼体消化道的结构与功能的关系。 相似文献
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西伯利亚鲟消化道形态学和组织学的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对人工养殖2龄西伯利亚鲟消化道的形态解剖学和显微组织学结构进行了观察。研究结果表明,西伯利亚鲟的消化道从前至后分为口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、十二指肠、瓣肠和直肠,食道与胃的分界不明显,形成一个"食道-胃过渡区",胃分为贲门部、胃体部和幽门部。组织学研究显示:西伯利亚鲟的消化道由内向外一般分为粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层。其中食道粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,含杯状细胞和粘液细胞。"食道-胃过渡区"已有腺体存在。胃上皮细胞为单层柱状上皮细胞,无杯状细胞,胃的粘膜表面有许多上皮凹陷形成的胃小凹,幽门部的胃小凹较贲门部和胃体部深;贲门部和胃体部中含有大量的胃腺,幽门部无胃腺。幽门盲囊的管腔内被向内深入的肌层分割成许多完全或不完全的囊腔;粘膜褶皱和褶皱上的绒毛纵横交错,形成网状。肠上皮均为单层柱状上皮,上皮细胞间分布有大量的杯状细胞;粘膜褶皱的高度和数量、杯状细胞的数量从前至后递减:十二指肠粘膜褶皱细而高,上有许多绒毛;瓣肠粘膜和粘膜下层向管腔内突出并卷曲,形成螺旋瓣;直肠的粘膜褶皱矮且宽。 相似文献
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作者对海蛰卵巢进行了解剖、组织切片与扫描电镜观察,发现卵巢为褶叠型,一端与胶质膜相连,另一端游离。胶质膜由透明状胶质细胞所构成,外有一层纤毛细胞,靠近胶质膜一侧的卵巢为单层上皮组成的生殖上皮,胶质膜与卵巢生殖上皮间由胶质细丝连接,形成与胃腔相通的生殖腔隙。生殖上皮在生殖季节中变化很大,它首先完成发生卵原细胞的功能,随后局部解体出现透明小区,当卵巢成熟时生殖上皮细胞是区域性弥散,卵子裸露,出现分批排卵现象.海蛰排卵方式是以大量卵子成片分批区域性排放为主,但也存在单个卵子排出的现象。 相似文献
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褐菖鲉消化道的组织学和组织化学 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
褐菖鲉消化道的组织学和组织化学=Study on histology and histochemistry of digestive tract in Sebastiscus marmoratus[刊，中]/石戈（浙江海洋学院海洋科学学院，浙江 舟山 316004），王健鑫，刘雪珠，王日昕//水产学报.－2007，31（03）.－293～302
利用光镜技术对褐菖鲉消化道进行了组织学和组织化学研究。组织学研究表明：褐菖鲉消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃和肠4部分组成。口咽腔较大，上下颌，犁骨及腭骨均有细齿带,粘膜由复层鳞状上皮组成，并含有大量黏液细胞和少量杯状细胞；食道粗而短，上皮组织包括扁平上皮层区域和单层柱状上皮层区域，上皮含有大量杯状细胞和黏液分泌细胞，粘膜层的固有膜中含有腺体；胃呈Y型，包括贲门、胃体和幽门3个区域，胃粘膜由单层柱状上皮组成，在贲门和胃体部的粘膜层中有厚的结实层，上皮有大量的胃小凹和胃腺组织；胃幽门部括约肌明显，幽门上皮不含胃小凹；胃与肠相接处有8～9个指状幽门盲囊，其形态学和组织学特征与前肠类似；肠道上皮由单层柱状上皮细胞组成，丰富的微绒毛形成明显的纹状缘，上皮中含有大量杯状细胞，肠道系数为0.54。组织化学研究显示：幽门、幽门盲囊和肠上皮细胞顶端胞质和纹状缘具碱性磷酸酶活性；幽门盲囊及肠道上皮细胞顶端胞质中检测到酸性磷酸酶活性；在贲门部和胃体部的固有层以及幽门上皮还检测到酯酶活性，且酯酶定位于幽门柱状上皮细胞胞质的上半部。整个消化道的粘膜层中存在许多粘液细胞：食道上皮含大量酸性粘液细胞，胃上皮细胞均含有中性粘液，而肠道由前向后中性粘液物质逐渐减少，酸性粘液物质逐渐增多。组织学和组织化学的结果表明褐菖鲉食道有润滑和微弱的消化作用，胃有消化脂类和吸收糖类的功能；幽门和盲囊有较强的吸收脂类的功能；前肠、中肠和后肠有活跃的细胞内消化和吸收功能，整个消化道结构与其肉食性功能密切相关。图3参29 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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