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1.
饲料中添加重组鱼生长激素对罗非鱼鱼种的促生长作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用基因工程菌E.coli DH5a(pBVGH18）生产重组鲑鱼生长激素。经初步纯化后作为添加剂投喂罗非鱼鱼种。实验结果表明,基因工程生产的鱼生长激素具有生物学活性,能够通过口服经肠道被鱼体吸收,具有很强的促进鱼体生长作用。通过改进工艺,降低成本可望能作为饲料添加剂应用于水产养殖业,特别是名贵品种的养殖。 相似文献
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中草药添加剂是一种新型绿色的饲料添加剂;具有高效、低毒、促生长等优点,它具有增强鱼体免疫力、抗病防病、促进鱼体生长、抗应激、改善鱼类品质等作用。不仅可以提高水产动物生产性能,还能保证水产品卫生安全,对我国水产品进入国际市场具有重要意义。本文简要的探讨鱼用中草药饲料添加剂的作用、研究成果与应用前景。 相似文献
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《河北渔业》2013,(3)
鱼类的生长主要靠生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子轴(growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors,GH/IGFs)所调控,而生长激素(Growth hormone,GH)和类胰岛素样生长因子-I(insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅰ)是GH/IGFs中两种最重要生长调控因子。体外重组表达的GH和IGF-Ⅰ蛋白都具有增强食欲、提高饲料转化率,加速鱼体生长的活性,可以作为高效生物饲料添加剂,在水产养殖具有广泛的适用性。本文从重组表达鱼类促生长因子蛋白研制的必要性、作用机理、表达情况以及在水产养殖应用情况方面进行总结,以期为重组表达鱼类促生长因子蛋白的工厂化制备提供参考。 相似文献
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日本东京大学海洋生物研究所分别从鳕鱼、鲑鱼、鲆鱼的脑下垂体的分泌物中发现了新的激素，这种激素被命名为SOMATLAOTIN。据初步分析，这种激素的功能主要是增强免疫力、调节生长代谢和渗透压适应性。目前，已将分离出的这种激素进行人工合成了制剂，用于鱼体催长、抵抗病害和调节鱼类对海水盐度的适应性具有明显效果，在生产实践中特别是海水鱼淡化驯养中具有重大意义。 相似文献
7.
鱼类脑垂体合成和分泌的生长激素（ＧｒｏｗｔｈＨｏｒｍｏｎｅ,ＧＨ）与鱼类的生长发育调节密切相关。由于外源ＧＨ引入鱼体促其生长已成现实［１］,在ＧＨ免疫化学研究中也必需ＧＨ制品,人们常常直接从鱼类脑垂体匀浆中分离提纯ＧＨ,但需要消耗过量的脑垂体资源,而通过鱼类脑垂体器官离体培养的途径生产ＧＨ已成为诱人的领域并有了一些成功的报道,例如Ｋｉｓｈｉｄａ等、Ｓｋａｒｐｈｅｄｉｎｓｓｏｎ等用“静态”培养法分别从有限数量的鳗鲡、虹鳟脑垂体器官培养产物中获得所需要的具有促生长活性、免疫活性的ＧＨ［２,３］。我们… 相似文献
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以蛋氨酸微量元素螯合物作为饲料添加剂饲喂大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoids)，对其生长、免疫力和鱼体组成进行分析。实验分为蛋氨酸微量元素螯合物添加剂组和无机微量元素添加剂组，在每千克饲料中添加Cu^2 2mg、Fe^2 150mg、Zn^2 30mg、Mn^2 12mg、Co^2 2mg；每种饲料设4个重复，采用室内循环水养殖系统，在25℃下喂养，通过60d的饲养实验表明，有机微量元素使鱼对微量元素的消化率有所提高，而对鱼体的增重、免疫力没有明显的提高；蛋氨酸螯合物组鱼血液中血清碱性磷酸酶活性明显低于无机盐组，鱼体肝脏、肌肉、血液中微量元素的含量比无机盐组有所提高。 相似文献
10.
前言鲮鱼(Cirrhina molitorelle)是我国珠江流域南部的重要养殖鱼类,种苗要求量很大,靠脑下垂体催产远远不足供应。另外,优良鱼种的培育也很重要。因此,希望能通过基因工程新技术,构建带有鲮鱼生长激素基因和促性腺激素基因的工程菌,以便人工生产激素,还可以籍以培养生长较快、鱼体较大的鱼种。而构建鲮鱼cDNA文 相似文献
11.
Molecular cloning and expression of salmon pituitary hormones 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Choy L. Hew Khiet Ye Trinh Shao Ju Du Shiduo Song 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):375-380
A cDNA library was prepared from chinook salmon pituitaries. Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and the β subunit of gonadotropin
(GTH) genes were screened using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. Full size cDNA clones coding for these polypeptide hormones
were isolated and characterized. The cDNA sequences for PRL and βGTH have been reported earlier from our laboratories. The
cDNA clone for GH contains 1148 bp and codes for a preGH of 210 amino acids. The chinook salmon GH, reported in the present
investigation, differs from chum salmon GH in only 1 amino acid, and from coho salmon GH in 5 amino acids. Plasmids containing
modified nucleotide sequences coding for GH, PRL and βGTH were constructed individually into an expression vector using the
heat-inducible λ pL promotor. Mature PRL, GH and unglycosylated βGTH were expressed in the bacteria at elevated temperature. 相似文献
12.
Ian Mayer Ewen McLean Tim J. Kieffer Larry M. Souza Edward M. Donaldson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(4):295-300
Since somatostatin (SRIF) inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH), its immunoneutralization may provide an alternative
to GH therapy as a means of enhancing somatic growth in fish. The present study examined the feasibility of accelerating growth
in juvenile chinook salmon by means of antiSRIF administration. Yearling salmon of Nicola River stock (BC, Canada) were injected
intraperitoneally every 5 days, for a total of 40 days, with either SRIF (1 μg g-1 body wt.), antiSRIF (SOMA-10, 1 μg g−1), recombinant bovine GH (rbGH, 2.5 μg g−1), recombinant porcine GH (rpGH, 2.5 μg g−1) or saline (controls). No significant differences were observed in length, weight or final condition factor (k) between the SRIF-treated and control fish over the experimental period. However, the fish treated with the antiSRIF were
significantly (p ≤ 0.05) longer and heavier than the control salmon after 25 and 30 days respectively. Furthermore, antiSRIF
treatment caused a lowering in k when compared to the control salmon. Fish injected with rbGH or rpGH were significantly longer and heavier than all other
groups (p ≤ 0.05), after only 5 days. GH treated groups also returned higher k when compared against all other treatments
(p ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed in growth between the two rGH treatments over the experimental period. 相似文献
13.
The biology of salmon growth hormone: from daylight to dominance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
B.Th. Björnsson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):9-24
The elucidation of the molecular structure of salmon growth hormone (GH) in the mid-1980's paved the way for a new era of endocrinological research. Establishment of homologous immuno- and receptor-assays have made studies of the secretion, tissue and plasma GH levels, GH turn-over and GH receptor concentrations possible. This overview attempts to summarize the present understanding of the biological roles of GH in salmon. Although the involvement of GH in the regulation of physiological processes throughout the salmon life history has yet to be comprehensively explored, the hormone has already been demonstrated to have several important functions. GH is a principal regulator of somatic growth in salmonids. The growth-stimulating effect of GH is probably integrated with that of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), as in later vertebrates. GH stimulates protein synthesis and improves feed conversion during growth. The hormone also promotes lipid and glycogen breakdown as well as gluconeogenesis, functions which are probably of great importance during starvation when GH levels are seen to increase. During parr-smolt transformation of anadromous salmonids, circulating GH levels appear to be governed by environmental cues. Increasing springtime daylength elevates GH levels, and temperature modulates the photoperiod regulation of GH. The seawater-adapting role of GH during the parr-smolt transformation is complex. In freshwater, GH improves hypoosmoregulatory ability by stimulating branchial Na+,K+-ATPase activity and probably also acts in kidney and intestine. Following seawater entry, GH levels and turn-over increase transiently, probably to further increase seawater tolerance. Accumulating in vitro and in vivo data support the conclusion that GH is involved in the regulation of sexual maturation in salmonids although further studies are needed to establish the exact role of GH in this process. GH increases appetite but it is unclear whether the hormone effects the central nervous system directly, or acts indirectly through metabolic changes. GH increases swimming activity as well as dominant feeding behaviour and diminishes anti-predator behaviour of juvenile salmonids. The GH-induced changes of behavioural patterns imply that there exists an ecological trade-off between high growth rate and long-term survival which may explain why natural fish populations normally grow at sub-maximal rates. Current knowledge indicates that GH is an important and multi-functional hormone in salmon and a central mediator of seasonal changes in physiology and behaviour. The regulatory effects of GH are also of great applied interest as they are likely to affect both product quality in aquaculture and long-term survival of released fish. 相似文献
14.
GH-transgeniccoho salmon (Oncorhynchus kitsutch) juveniles were fed diets containing 3,5,3-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3; 30 ng/g fish) or 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU; 20 ug/g fish), to assess the effect of these drugs on the physiology, growthand survival in comparison with untreated transgenicand non-transgenic salmon. After 84 days, food intake, feed efficiency, survival, growth, hepato-somatic index (HSI), viscera-somatic index (VSI), plasma L-thyroxine (T4), T3and growth hormone (GH) levels,and cranial morphological abnormalities were determined. Growth of transgenic salmon was significantly faster than the nontransgenic salmon,and was increased by exogenous T3and reduced by PTU. Food intake of transgenic salmon was higher than that of the nontransgenic group, but was reduced by exogenous PTU administration. Food conversion efficiency of transgenic salmon was lower than that of nontransgenic salmon,and also was increased by T3 but reduced by PTU in the transgenic fish. The survival rate in all transgenic groups was significantly higher than that of nontransgenic,and transgenic T3and PTU treatment groups showed higher survivals than the transgenic-control group. The HSIand VSI of the transgenic fish were higher than the nontransgenic fish;and both parameters in the transgenic salmon were increased by PTU, but reduced by T3. The plasma T4 level in transgenic salmon was approximately 1.5-fold higher relative to the nontransgenic fish, whereas no difference was observed among the transgenic groups. Plasma T3 levels in transgenic salmon were also approximately 2-fold higher relative to the nontransgenic fish. However, the plasma T3 level in transgenic animals was increased by exogenous T3 administration, but was reduced by exogenous PTU to that observed in nontransgenic salmon. The plasma GH level of transgenic fish was higher than that of the nontransgenic salmon,and the level was increased by the exogenous T3, whereas exogenous PTU did not reduce significantly GH levels in transgenic salmon. Transgenic fish also displayed cranium, jawand opercular abnormalities typical of the effects of this gene construct incoho salmon, indicating that some imbalance in growth processes has been induced. However, these abnormalities (especially cranial disruptions) were diminished by administration of exogenous PTU. In conclusion, exogenous T3and PTU treatments can induce hyperthyroidismand hypothyroidism, respectively,and have inverse effects on growthand skeletal abnormalities of transgenic salmon constitutively expressing GH. 相似文献
15.
Benoit Fauconneau Marie Paule Mady Pierre Yves LeBail 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(1):49-56
This paper reports on the effect of administration of mammalian growth hormone (GH) on muscle protein synthesis as measured in white muscle using the phenylalanine flooding technique. The effect of exogenous GH was compared with that of insulin and prolactin, and with endogenous GH.The rate of protein synthesis in white muscle of rainbow trout 6 h after the injection of bovine GH or bovine insulin was twice (2.6 and 2.9% d–1) that of the control saline-injected fish (1.2% d–1). A metabolic effect of GH, as observed with insulin, is suspected.The rates of change in body weight and body length and the fractional rate of protein synthesis in muscle of rainbow trout were enhanced by mammalian GH administration. The effect of GH on muscle RNA/protein ratios was not significant. An opposite effect of antibodies against salmon GH (Lebailet al. 1989) on growth rate and muscle protein synthesis rate was found in rainbow trout. It is suggested that the effects of exogenous and endogenous GH on capacity and efficiency of muscle protein synthesis were similar.The long-term effects of mammalian GH on presmolt Atlantic salmon was also tested. The same trends were found with ovine prolactin supplementation in Atlantic salmon but not as high as those observed with ovine GH. 相似文献
16.
Increased ability to compete for food by growth hormone-transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
R. H. Devlin J. I. Johnsson D. E. Smailus C. A. Biagi E. Jönsson & B. Th Björnsson 《Aquaculture Research》1999,30(7):479-482
In salmonids, growth hormone (GH) stimulates growth, appetite and the ability to compete for food. This study tested the hypothesis that increased GH levels in GH-transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) increase competitive ability through higher feeding motivation. The transgenic strain of salmon used contained a gene construct consisting of the sockeye metallothionein-B promoter fused to the type 1 growth gene coding region. The transgenic animals (mean size = 250 g) were F1 individuals. In six consecutive feeding trials, the intake of contested food pellets by size-matched pairs consisting of one control (1 year older non-transgenic coho salmon) and one GH-transgenic coho salmon was compared. Pellets were provided sequentially until neither fish took three consecutive pellets; the identity of the fish taking each pellet was noted. Calculated on the three first pellets offered at each feeding trial, the transgenic coho salmon consumed 2.5 times more contested pellets than the controls, supporting the hypothesis that GH transgenesis increases the ability to compete for food. Overall, the transgenic fish consumed 2.9 times more pellets that the non-transgenic controls, indicating a high feeding motivation of the transgenic fish throughout the feeding trials. It appears that GH transgenesis and GH treatments can induce similar changes in the feeding behaviour of salmonids. Depending on how transgenic and wild individuals differ in other fitness-related characters, escaped GH transgenic fish may compete successfully with native fish in the wild. 相似文献
17.
大鳞大马哈鱼生长激素抗体的制备与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用大鳞大马哈鱼生长激素（ｓＧＨ）免疫日本大耳白兔制备了特异抗血清。应用常规酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对抗血清效价和特异性进行了测定，结果表明ｓＧＨ抗血清只与ｓＧＨ特异反应，与草鱼ＧＨ、草鱼催乳素（ＰＲＬ）、牛ＧＨ及大群大马哈鱼促性腺激素（ｓＧｔＨ）等基本上没有交叉反应，该抗血清的效价约为１：７００００左右。应用ｓＧＨ抗血清，初步建立了ｓＧＨＥＬＩＳＡ检测方法。 相似文献
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采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术对鲤和鲑生长激素ｃＤＮＡ的５‘端和３’端进行定向改造。将改造后的５种基因分别克隆到大肠杆菌表达质粒ｐＢＶ２２０进行原核表达,以研究鱼生长激素基因在大肠杆菌中的表达水平。实验结果表明：（１）核糖核蛋白体结合位点（ＳＤ）与起始密码子ＡＵＧ之间的距离对鱼生长激素的表达水平有影响;（２）鲑鱼生长激素基因的终止密码子ＵＡＧ可能不会有效终止该基因在大肠杆菌中翻译的进行而造成部分通 相似文献
19.
鲶生长激素基因cDNA的克隆和原核表达 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从脑垂体中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR扩增并克隆到鲶鱼的生长激素(GH)基因cDNA。分析其核苷酸序列和推测的氨基酸序列,结果显示:鲶鱼生长激素基因的开放阅读框(ORF)包括603个核苷酸;编码200个氨基酸;其中包括22个氨基酸的信号肽和178个氨基酸的成熟肽。把GH成熟肽的cDNA克隆入表达载体pET-28 a,用IPTG诱导重组蛋白的表达,其表达量超过细胞蛋白总量的50%,主要为不溶性的包含体。细菌裂解液沉淀溶于8 mol/L尿素后,用固定化金属配体亲和层析纯化,获得分子量为22.5 kD的单一蛋白带。 相似文献
20.
L.O.E. Ebbesson B. Th. Björnsson S.O. Stefansson P. Ekström 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1998,19(4):305-314
Thyroid hormones transiently increase during parr-smolt transformation in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and are believed to trigger morphological, physiological, behavioural, and neural changes. The effectiveness of propylthiouracil (PTU) to induce hypothyroidism in smolting coho salmon was determined by immersing coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in 30 mg l–1 PTU from May 1, two weeks prior to the consistent annual total thyroxine (TT4) peak in mid-May, until the last sampling date. Plasma was obtained at two sampling dates from control and PTU -treated coho salmon: May 15, during the plasma TT4 peak; and May 26, after the TT4 peak. Radioimmunoassays were used to measure plasma TT4, total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and salmon growth hormone (sGH). The PTU -treatment inhibited the natural smoltification-related increases in plasma TT4, TT3 and GH levels compared with controls, but PTU-treatment did not affect these hormone levels when they were low. PTU -treatment increased FT4 and decreased TT3 and sGH levels in the May 26 sample. In the May 15 sample, FT4 levels were unaffected by PTU-treatment, whereas TT4 levels were decreased. These data demonstrate the ability of PTU to induce hypothyroidism in salmonids as shown by the decrease in TT4 and TT3. These data demonstrate that PTU treatment by immersion can induce hypothyroidism in salmonids as shown by: (1) the inhibition of the natural increases of TT4 and TT3; (2) the increase in FT4 levels corresponding to the lowered TT3 levels, suggesting an inhibition of thyroxine 5-monodeiodinase activity. We also show for the first time that PTU treatment can lower plasma GH levels in salmonids. This lowering of plasma GH level is associated with the decrease in TT3 levels and the increase in FT4 levels. The PTU induced lowering in GH levels may contribute to the observed changes in FT4 and TT3, since GH is known to increase thyroxine 5-monodeiodinase activity. 相似文献