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1.
为了研究蛋内注射雌马酚(Eq)对肉鸡性腺发育的影响,选取三黄矮脚D肉鸡种蛋585枚,孵化至7胚龄时,随机分成3组:分别注射溶剂(对照组,Con组)、20μg Eq(低剂量组,L组)和100μg Eq(高剂量组,H组),出雏后按同一标准化程序饲养。结果表明:蛋内注射Eq对17胚龄胚重、性腺重和性腺的相对重量均无显著影响(P0.05);高、低剂量Eq处理对49日龄时体重无显著影响(P0.05),低剂量Eq可显著增加雌鸡卵巢重(P0.05)并伴血清雌二醇(E2)浓度的升高(P=0.08),但对雄性鸡性腺发育无显著影响(P0.05)。以上结果提示:鸡胚早期发育过程中接触一定浓度的Eq可提前雌性鸡性腺发育。 相似文献
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1鸡白痢1.1症状雏鸡发病时表现嗜睡、翅下垂、排白色稀便,甚至将肛门糊堵。当肺脏有感染时出现喘气和呼吸困难。关节感染时出现关节肿胀和跛行。患病母鸡和带菌鸡无明显的临床症状.所产的蛋孵化时死胚多;出 相似文献
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抑制芳香化酶活性对母鸡性腺分化和性行为的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究雌激素在鸡性腺和性行为分化过程中的作用,本试验在受精蛋孵化第3天气室注入100μL生理盐水或芳香化酶抑制剂(AI),出雏后常规饲养到8月龄性成熟,观察其性行为的表现,检测性腺结构和血清性激素水平.结果发现,AI处理获得的性反转母鸡出现雄性第二性征和雄性交配行为,性腺形态和组织学检查结果表明其性腺得到了不同程度的反转(1)完全反转母鸡右侧性腺发育成为睾丸,而左侧性腺出现不同程度的反转.两侧性腺均出现精细管结构,管径较正常窄,发育不完整,精细管内大量分布生殖细胞,右侧性腺的间质较左侧发达;(2)不完全反转母鸡的右侧性腺退化,左侧仍为完整卵巢.血清中雌二醇(E2)含量为不完全反转母鸡＞正常母鸡＞完全反转母鸡＞正常公鸡;睾酮(T)含量为完全反转母鸡＞不完全反转母鸡＞正常公鸡＞正常母鸡,雄性交配频率与血清T/E2的比值呈正相关.以上结果表明,在性分化前用AI阻断雌激素的合成可引起雌性性腺结构和激素分泌功能及性行为雄性化,而血清T和E2含量及其比值决定了性反转母鸡雄性交配行为的频率和强度. 相似文献
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李政萍 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2008,28(4)
给繁殖母鸡口服接种柔嫩艾美尔球虫鸡胚传递配子母细胞佐剂疫苗,并于加强免疫后2周收集所产鸡蛋进行孵化;出壳雏鸡于7日龄用柔嫩艾美尔球虫(本地分离株)的孢子化卵囊进行攻击,结果免疫母鸡所产雏鸡的球虫卵囊排出量较对照组母鸡所生雏鸡减少70%以上,且无鸡只死亡,而五分之四的对照组雏鸡死于球虫病。这些结果表明,鸡胚传递配子母细胞疫苗所产生的母源免疫力能够防止后代雏鸡受到柔嫩艾美尔球虫的感染。 相似文献
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孵化时光照可加速出雏,而不增加畸形和死亡率。孵化时光照肉用鸡种蛋(棕壳蛋)的胚胎较蛋用鸡种蛋(白壳蛋)的胚胎增重更快。反之,前者的分化速率较后者慢。大量研究表明,光照对青年母鸡的繁殖性能很重要。由于松果体在孵化时是具有活性的,会因受到光的刺激而使促卵泡激素提前分泌,以致孵出的鸡在以后产生较多的精子和卵子。试验系将肉用鸡种蛋和蛋用鸡种强光照孵化,对孵出的雏鸡和育成的公母鸡分开饲养,以观察雏鸡的生长速度、母鸡的繁殖性能和公鸡的精液。结果是:光照孵化缩短了孵化时间36～48小时;光照孵出的雏鸡,体格较大,增重效果在六 相似文献
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当今几乎所有产蛋新母鸡在迁入产蛋鸡舍之前都要断喙。这种措施可减少啄羽和/或母鸡攻击同笼内弱小伙伴的各种行为(如啄肉癖)。何时断喙鸡可在8个时期断喙:雏鸡从孵化室中运出之前,5～9日龄时和在育成期中10～12周龄时。许多孵化室不愿在送出雏鸡之前进行断喙,他们正确地指出,在此阶段,雏鸡已遭受许多应激—性别鉴定,疫苗接种和运输,在此之上再增加断 相似文献
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给繁殖母鸡口服接种柔嫩艾美尔球虫鸡胚传递配子母细胞佐剂疫苗,并于加强免疫后2周收集所产鸡蛋进行孵化;出壳雏鸡于7日龄用柔嫩艾美尔球虫(本地分离株)的孢子化卵囊进行攻击,结果免疫母鸡所产雏鸡的球虫卵囊排出量较对照组母鸡所生雏鸡减少70%以上,且无鸡只死亡,而五分之四的对照组雏鸡死于球虫病.这些结果表明,鸡胚传递配子母细胞疫苗所产生的母源免疫力能够防止后代雏鸡受到柔嫩艾美尔球虫的感染. 相似文献
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(一)种蛋方面 1.种蛋来自患有白痢、支原体、马立克氏病等可经蛋传播疾病的种鸡群,在孵化过程中胚胎由此染病,导致孵出的雏鸡带菌,抵抗力低下. 2.消毒不彻底、孵化用具不干净.孵化时病菌侵入鸡胚,使鸡胚发育不正常,出雏后脐部会发炎形成脐炎,这是导致雏鸡死亡率很高的原因之一. 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献