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1.
以 54 份澳洲坚果种质资源为试材,分析澳洲坚果种质果实表型多样性。结果表明：澳洲坚果种质资源果实表型存在丰富的多样性,13 个描述性状平均变异类型 3.2 个,种脐侧面凹痕大小的变异类型最为丰富,为 5 个;19 个数量性状中,果壳厚度的变异系数最大为 21.89 %,含油率的变异系数最小为 1.56 %;主成分分析结果将 32 个表型性状简化为 10 个主成分,解释的总变异为 81.757 %;皮果单粒鲜重、皮果纵径、皮果横径与壳果单粒干重、壳果纵径、壳果横径、果仁单粒干重、果仁纵径、果仁横径呈极显著或显著正相关;出仁率与果仁单粒干重呈极显著正相关,与果壳厚度呈极显著负相关;一级果仁率与壳果单粒干重、果仁单粒干重、果仁横径呈显著或极显著正相关,与果壳厚度呈显著负相关;含油率与壳果单粒干重、果仁单粒干重、一级果仁率呈显著或极显著正相关。  相似文献   

2.
为筛选出优异野生中华猕猴桃种质资源,以国家果树种质云南特有果树及砧木圃收集保存的28个云南野生中华猕猴桃种质资源为材料,测定了8个果实品质性状并进行变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析以及综合评价。变异分析结果显示,果实单果质量和维生素C含量变异系数较大,分别为34.86%和19.99%。相关分析表明,果实维生素C含量与单果质量呈极显著负相关,与可滴定酸含量呈显著正相关;干物质含量与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关、与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关。主成分分析中,提取的前3个主成分方差累积贡献率为73.25%,其中第一主成分特征值为2.79,方差贡献率为34.84%,主要由可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比决定。最后提取前3个主成分计算果实品质综合评价得分,以综合评价得分进行排序,样品ZH-35、ZH-41、ZH-10排名前三,果实品质表现最佳,可作为种质创新和育种利用候选资源。  相似文献   

3.
通过对９０公斤体重四个组合杂种猪有关性状的测定,结果表明：不同组合杂种猪的肉质正常,肉脂品质,肌肉纤维超微结构,背最长肌肌内脂肪脂肪酸组成成分含量,背脂脂肪酸组成成分含量有显著差异,肌肉失水力与肌肉肌原纤维直径呈显著正相关,,与肌节长度呈极显著负相关,与Ⅰ带长度呈显著负相关;肌肉肌原纤维直径与肌节长度呈极显著负相关;除葵酸,豆蔻酸,棕榈酸外,其它各脂肪酸均具有较强的相关性。  相似文献   

4.
为阐明不同鸭品种间蛋品质的差异,以绍兴鸭、攸县麻鸭、荆江麻鸭、云南麻鸭、山麻鸭、金定鸭6个品种的鸭蛋为材料,对其蛋品质、金属元素含量、氨基酸含量进行测定。结果表明:不同品种的鸭蛋蛋品质参数存在显著差异。云南麻鸭的蛋黄色泽以及蛋黄的重量显著高于其他5个品种的鸭蛋(P0.05)。攸县麻鸭在蛋白高度和哈氏单位上显著高于其他5个品种(P0.05)。蛋品质性状间相关系数分析显示,蛋黄的重量与蛋形呈显著正相关(P0.05),与蛋黄色泽呈极显著正相关(P0.01),而与蛋白高度、哈氏单位呈显著负相关(P0.05);氨基酸含量与蛋形呈显著负相关(P0.05)。对性状标准化数据进行主成分分析,可提取3个主成分,累计贡献率达到91.65%,建立的鸭蛋品质主成分综合评价模型(Y=0.266zx_1-0.283zx_2+0.357zx_3+0.238zx_4+0.114zx_5-0.110zx_6+0.200zx_7)可最大限度反映蛋品质的综合水平。  相似文献   

5.
对杂种猪肌纤维结构和脂肪酸组成的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对９０公斤体重四个不同组合杂种猪有关性状的测定,结果表明：不同组合杂种猪的肉质正常,肉脂品质、肌肉纤维超微结构、背最长肌肌内脂肪酸组成成分含量、背脂脂肪酸组成成分含量有显著差异;肌肉肌原纤维直径与肌肉系水力呈显著正相关（０．８４５）,与肌节长度呈极显著负相关（ ０．８２７）,与Ⅰ带长度呈显著负相关（ ０．７８６）;肌肉肌原纤维直径与肌节长度呈极显著负相关（ ０．８２７）,肌节长度与Ⅰ带长度呈极显著正相关（０．８８１）;除葵酸、豆蔻酸、棕榈酸外,其它各脂肪酸均具有较强的相关性。  相似文献   

6.
为了研究一年生牧草的遗传多样性,试验以17份叶用稗种质资源为材料,采用Excel和SPSS/PC软件对其数量性状相关性进行分析研究。结果表明:变异系数的分布范围很广,在7.39%~25.71%之间。小穗一级分枝数与穗长、穗宽呈极显著正相关(P0.01),穗重与穗宽、小穗一级分枝数呈极显著正相关(P0.01),穗重和穗宽与穗长呈显著正相关(P0.05);但穗宽与叶长呈极显著负相关(P0.01),穗重与植株高度呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。说明在新品种选育时可以利用外部性状的相关性同时获得几个性状都优良的新品种。  相似文献   

7.
本研究采用DHI检测方法对云南高原饲养的萨能奶山羊进行体细胞数统计和相关分析,探讨奶山羊体细胞数对羊奶主要成分及含量的影响。结果表明,萨能奶山羊乳体细胞数与乳脂率呈正相关(P=0.141),与乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与乳糖含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与总固形物含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与尿素氮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。乳汁体细胞数的增加对羊乳的品质产生很大影响,造成羊乳蛋白、脂肪含量和总固形物含量上升;乳糖和非蛋白氮含量降低。从多种因素考虑,6月份所测得的体细胞数和乳成分含量可作为萨能奶山羊乳品质质量标准的参考。  相似文献   

8.
为客观评价燕麦种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性,本试验对50份国外引进燕麦种质资源的27个农艺性状进行了形态多样性指数分析,并对其中的16个数量性状进行相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析,结果表明:遗传多样性指数最高的是穗长 (H'=2.04),变异系数最大的是营养枝数(63.36%);鲜草产量与干草产量、株高、分蘖数等呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);聚类分析将50份燕麦种质资源分为4大类群,第Ⅰ类群为早熟种质,具有植株高大、单株鲜草产量高、茎节数和小穗多、茎秆粗壮等特点,可作为选育多目标性状的优良种质或材料;第Ⅱ类群为中晚熟种质,但有益性状不明显;第Ⅲ类群属于中熟种质,植株分蘖能力强,种子千粒重高,可作为选育高产分蘖能力强的优良亲本;第Ⅳ类群属于晚熟种质,植株茎秆粗壮,可作为选育抗倒品种的优良亲本。主成分分析将16个数量性状指标集中在累计贡献率达77.00%的5个主成分中:第一主成分与燕麦牧草产量密切相关;第二主成分载荷最高的是单株营养枝数;第三主成分载荷最高的是生殖枝数;第四和五主成分主要反映茎节数和株高。综上所述,川西北地区引进的50份国内外燕麦种质资源的遗传多样性丰富,综合评价表明,种质Golden Yellow、Lightning、Golden Rain Ⅱ、Bambull Ⅱ可以作为亲本以改良当地燕麦品种。  相似文献   

9.
为客观评价燕麦种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性,本试验对50份国外引进燕麦种质资源的27个农艺性状进行了形态多样性指数分析,并对其中的16个数量性状进行相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析,结果表明:遗传多样性指数最高的是穗长(H′=2.04),变异系数最大的是营养枝数(63.36%);鲜草产量与干草产量、株高、分蘖数等呈极显著正相关(P0.01);聚类分析将50份燕麦种质资源分为4大类群,第Ⅰ类群为早熟种质,具有植株高大、单株鲜草产量高、茎节数和小穗多、茎秆粗壮等特点,可作为选育多目标性状的优良种质或材料;第Ⅱ类群为中晚熟种质,但有益性状不明显;第Ⅲ类群属于中熟种质,植株分蘖能力强,种子千粒重高,可作为选育高产分蘖能力强的优良亲本;第Ⅳ类群属于晚熟种质,植株茎秆粗壮,可作为选育抗倒品种的优良亲本。主成分分析将16个数量性状指标集中在累计贡献率达77.00%的5个主成分中:第一主成分与燕麦牧草产量密切相关;第二主成分载荷最高的是单株营养枝数;第三主成分载荷最高的是生殖枝数;第四和五主成分主要反映茎节数和株高。综上所述,川西北地区引进的50份国内外燕麦种质资源的遗传多样性丰富,综合评价表明,种质Golden Yellow、Lightning、Golden RainⅡ、BambullⅡ可以作为亲本以改良当地燕麦品种。  相似文献   

10.
魏少萍  李景峰  梁鹏飞  陈洁  刘鑫  南丽丽 《草地学报》2021,29(11):2530-2537
为综合评价和筛选红豆草（Onobrychis viciaefolia）优异新品种、鉴定种质,本研究以国内外22份红豆草种质资源为试验材料,对其种子形态特征和营养成分进行了研究。结果表明,22份红豆草种子的形态和营养指标间均差异显著（P<0.05）,且营养成分含量平均变异系数大于形态指标变异系数。相关性分析表明,种子面积与周长、长度、宽度之间呈极显著正相关,种子周长与宽度、长度之间呈极显著正相关,千粒重与种子面积、宽度之间呈极显著正相关,与周长、长度呈显著正相关,与种子中粗脂肪含量呈显著负相关。主成分分析表明,影响红豆草种子的主要性状是种子形态特征中的长度、周长和面积,其次为营养指标中的粗蛋白和淀粉含量。聚类分析将22份红豆草种子分为3组。编号2668,9155,13523,2323-2,1994和‘蒙农红豆草’,‘甘肃红豆草’的主成分综合得分排名较高,为进一步研究提供了优良种质。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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