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禽蛋蛋壳资源的开发利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国是世界上养禽最多的国家,产蛋量已连续20年雄居世界之首。禽蛋的消费和人均占有量超过了世界平均水平。每年禽蛋产量占世界禽蛋总产量的43%以上。我国虽然有丰富的蛋壳资源,但加工利用蛋壳的厂家却微乎其微,蛋壳的开发研究也很薄弱。时至今日,仍然是小规模的手工生产,或试验性生产,没有形成生产规模,也未见到蛋壳产品的销售。用蛋壳所含的各种成分,进行现代化工业生产综合利用,开发成饲用、食用、医用等产品,不仅有利于提高资源的利用率,而且可以减少环境污染,提升经济和生态效益。 相似文献
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禽蛋的破损在很大程度上与蛋壳的质量有关,与生产经营各个环节也有密切的联系.减少禽蛋的破损率,要采取全面的综合措施,任何单一的措施都不会取得良好的效果. 1遗传学与生物学因素 不同品种和品系的商品蛋鸡,蛋壳质量是有差异的.一般来讲,褐壳蛋鸡所产鸡蛋的蛋壳质量高于白壳蛋鸡.特别是在产蛋后期,某些品种鸡的蛋壳质量较差,破损率较高. 相似文献
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一、禽蛋的构造和成分(一)蛋的构造禽蛋在形状、大小和色泽上虽有差异,但在构造上基本相同,都是由蛋壳、蛋壳膜、蛋白、蛋黄和胚珠或胚盘等部分所构成.蛋的构造如下图所示(见文末图):1.蛋壳蛋壳在蛋的最外层,质地坚硬.蛋壳外面有一层胶质护壳膜,是在蛋产出后由附在蛋壳表面的水溶性粘蛋白干燥而成的一层薄膜.壳上膜能封闭蛋壳上的气孔,限制蛋内水分的蒸发,防止细菌或霉菌等微生物侵入蛋内.禽蛋经过雨淋、洗涤、磨擦 相似文献
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蛋类食品作为人们日常生活的主要食品,其内部品质的好坏直接影响食用品质,甚至每个食用者的健康。我国是世界上禽蛋生产和消费大国,但我国的蛋产量与产生的经济效益不成比例,蛋壳破损检测方法还很落后。如何检测蛋壳 相似文献
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蛋壳的作用主要是保护蛋的内容物不受损害,并使受精禽蛋在一定时间内完成延续其生命的使命,减缓禽蛋在保存、包装和运输中的破损。据估计蛋的破损约占全部蛋的6％～8％,给禽蛋生产者造成了很大的经济损失。因此努力提高蛋壳强度是提高禽蛋生产综合效益的重要措施之一。 蛋壳是硬固物质,它有一定的强度,也就是它对于外来压力有一定的抵抗力(破碎抗力),能承受一定的 相似文献
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禽类蛋壳颜色的主要功能是使禽蛋看起来与周边环境相似,以起到保护作用,同时也具有过滤阳光和增强蛋壳强度的作用。然而,到目前为止,鸟类蛋壳颜色的遗传学基础仍不完全清楚,蛋壳颜色决定基因尚未确定。近期中国农业大学杨宁教授与吴常信院士课题组在鸡蛋绿壳蛋色形成的遗传基础研究上获得重要进展。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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