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1.
盐碱地引种沙枣根瘤内生菌及根际土壤AM真菌的多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了揭示黑龙江省盐碱地引种沙枣根瘤内生菌及根际土壤丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal,AM)真菌的多样性,采用根瘤切片法和湿筛法并结合分子生物学手段对沙枣根瘤内生菌及根际土壤中的AM真菌进行分离、鉴定和多样性分析。研究结果表明:从沙枣根瘤内成功地分离和鉴定出了27个纯菌株,其中放线菌4株、细菌14株、真菌9株,内生细菌的多样性指数最为丰富,与根瘤形成有关的内生放线菌多样性指数最低,但放线菌类群中Frankia sp.(代号H01)菌株优势度指数和均匀度指数最高;从沙枣根际土壤中共分离和鉴定出5属8株AM真菌,Glomus属有3株,Funneliformis属有2株,Septoglomus属有1株,Rhizophagus属有1株,Acaulospora属有1株。Rhizophagus intraradices在样品中的分离频度达到了100%,孢子密度高达48.5个/50 g土,是典型的优势菌株。在沙枣苗木菌根化及根瘤化培育过程中,Frankia sp.(H01)和Rhizophagus intraradices可作为重要的候选菌株。 相似文献
2.
真菌在土壤生态系统中对分解有机质、保育土壤肥力和促进养分循环等发挥重要作用。为了探究天然和人工油松林下根际真菌多样性,为北京城区及周边山区松林的持续发展、根际真菌资源的合理开发和可持续利用提供科学依据。本研究采用MMN固体平板培养法,通过一代测序技术分析了天然油松林根际和人工油松林根际真菌数量、种类及分布特征。（1）天然油松林根际真菌种类比人工油松林丰富,接合菌门(Zygomycota)和子囊菌亚门(Ascomycotina)为优势真菌菌落。（2）青霉属(Penicillium)是天然油松林根际的主要优势菌落,伞状霉属(Umbelopsis)是人工油松林根际的主要优势菌落。（3）青霉属(Penicillium)、伞状霉属(Umbelopsis)、毛霉属(Mucor)、镰孢菌属(Fusarium)和木霉属(Trichoderma)等是油松林根际土壤优势真菌。（4）从根际真菌类群数量和个体数量上,天然油松林均高于人工油松林。本试验初步筛选、鉴定出2种油松林根际优势真菌,为根际真菌资源的保护、合理开发提供了基础。 相似文献
3.
研究白芷根际AM真菌时空分布和土壤因子之间的相关性,结果表明,白芷能与AM真菌形成良好的共生关系。AM真菌菌丝定殖率、丛枝定殖率与土壤速效磷呈显著正相关;AM真菌菌丝定殖率、总定殖率与土壤有机质呈显著正相关;AM真菌总定殖率、菌丝定殖率、丛枝定殖率与土壤pH值呈显著负相关。 相似文献
4.
为了探索夏季庐山常绿阔叶林土壤丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AM真菌）资源分布特征，推动其地下AM真菌资源的开发利用。研究基于孢子形态学分类方法对夏季庐山典型常绿阔叶林中4种常见植物（老鼠矢Symplocos stellaris、檵木Loropetalum chinense、连蕊茶Camellia fraterna、山胡椒Lindera glauca）根际土壤AM真菌群落的分布特征进行调查。结果表明：共分离、鉴定出44个AM真菌物种，其中包括4个优势种AM真菌、5个广布种AM真菌、12个常见种AM真菌与23个稀有种AM真菌。（1）不同植物根系侵染率之间存在显著差异，同时根系侵染率与优势种和广布种AM真菌的孢子密度和物种丰富度均呈正相关，与常见种和稀有种AM真菌的孢子密度和物种丰富度则呈负相关，但均不显著；（2）不同植物根际总AM真菌孢子密度不存在显著差异，但AM真菌物种丰富度存在显著差异；此外，不同植物根际只有常见种AM真菌的孢子密度不存在显著差异，也只有广布种和稀有种AM真菌的物种丰富度不存在显著差异；（3）不同优势度AM真菌的孢子密度之间和物种丰富之间均存在负相关，但只有优势种AM真菌的孢子密度与常见种和稀有种AM真菌的孢子密度存在显著负相关；（4）AM真菌分布受土壤养分（全氮、全磷、全钾、氨态氮、硝态氮）、pH和水分影响较小，但受土壤氮影响相对较大；不同优势度AM真菌受土壤养分、pH和水分影响程度不同，影响程度从大到小依次为稀有种AM真菌、常见种AM真菌、广布种AM真菌和优势种AM真菌。在夏季庐山常绿阔叶林中，常见植物与AM真菌的共生模式可能是以优势种AM真菌和广布种AM真菌共生为主，以常见种AM真菌和稀有种AM真菌补充共生的共生模式。在该共生模式下，植物根际AM真菌资源较为丰富且分布不均；AM真菌与植物共生程度由不同优势度AM真菌共同决定；不同优势度AM真菌之间相互影响较弱；AM真菌受土壤养分（全氮、氨态氮、硝态氮、全磷、全钾）、pH和水分影响较小，但不同优势度AM真菌受土壤养分、pH和水分影响程度不同。 相似文献
5.
药用植物白芷根际AM真菌与土壤因子调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究白芷根际AM真菌时空分布和土壤因子之间的相关性,结果表明,白芷能与AM真菌形成良好的共生关系.AM真菌菌丝定殖率、丛枝定殖率与土壤速效磷呈显著正相关;AM真菌菌丝定殖率、总定殖率与土壤有机质呈显著正相关;AM真菌总定殖率、菌丝定殖率、丛枝定殖率与土壤pH值呈显著负相关. 相似文献
6.
为探究间作栽培模式缓解生姜连作障碍的可行性及作用机制,以生姜单作为对照,研究生姜间作玉米栽培模式对连作生姜根际土壤理化性质、AM真菌种群以及生姜产量的影响。结果表明:间作种植模式下生姜根际土壤水解性氮、全氮和有机质含量显著低于生姜单作,土壤p H高于生姜单作;间作栽培模式影响生姜根际土壤AM真菌的种群结构;在间作栽培模式的生姜根际土壤中分离得到12种类型的AM真菌孢子,而对照生姜的根际土壤中只有9种类型的AM真菌孢子。间作模式影响生姜产量,表现在姜块鲜重、株高、单株分枝数都高于单作生姜。因此,间作生姜明显能维持较稳定的产量,是一种有利于改善生姜连作栽培根际微生态环境、缓解连作障碍的栽培模式。 相似文献
7.
为探究谢家沟不同草地类型土壤理化性质对草地群落丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌侵染特征的影响,笔者通过调查采样,分析了4种典型草地(山地草甸、草甸草原、草原和草原化荒漠)与AM真菌的侵染状况和土壤因子间的关系。结果表明:4种草地类型典型植物均能被AM真菌侵染,草原化荒漠、草甸草环与草原换位置、山地草甸的平均菌根侵染率分别为79.90%、89.04%、85.93%和68.66%,草甸草原是侵染状况最好的草地类型。根际土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷与AM真菌侵染呈正相关关系,盐分和p H与AM真菌侵染为负相关关系,但土壤总盐含量在2.1 g/kg左右时侵染率、侵染强度最高。自然条件下土壤因子与菌根的侵染及发育状况密切相关,土壤养分的高低制约着AM真菌侵染强弱,有机质和盐分是关键影响因子。 相似文献
8.
9.
白术根系AM真菌的侵染情况及其对白术的生长效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在自然条件下,对白术根系的AM真菌菌丝、丛枝、泡囊的感染率和根际AM真菌孢子的进行测定,在土壤较贫瘠,且在管理过程中未施加任何肥料并一直处于水分胁迫状态条件下,采用盆栽试验方法,盆栽土壤中接种不同浓度的对白术AM菌根真菌优势种和根际AM真菌对白术的成活率、生长量、抗逆性的影响研究。结果表明,（1）白术根系的AM真菌菌丝感染率较高,达59.68%,泡囊成群分布,产生少量的丛枝。（2）白术在接种AM真菌浓度在400-813个/kg之间时,成活率和生长量逐渐升高,在813-1653个/kg之间时,逐渐减低。（3）在土壤贫瘠,水分胁迫下,白术在不接种AM真菌时,全部死亡,接种了AM真菌而能够成活,从而可知AM真菌能提高其抗逆性。 相似文献
10.
AM真菌对苗期棉花根系形态特征的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】为探讨不同盐度土壤土著丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌对苗期棉花根系形态的影响。【方法】采用in-growth生长系统进行了田间原位研究。【结果】低盐(σ1.0 m S·cm~(-1))、中盐(σ2.1 m S·cm~(-1))、高盐(σ4.0 m S·cm~(-1))土壤条件下,土著AM真菌侵染显著增加了棉花株高、叶片数、蕾数、叶面积指数,说明土著AM真菌能够改善棉花的生长提高耐盐能力。土著AM真菌显著提高了总根长、根体积、根表面积以及直径(d)≤0.5 mm细根根长,低盐土壤条件下土著AM真菌显著增加了d≤0.5 mm细根的根长占总根长的百分比。相关分析表明,棉花总根长、d≤0.5 mm的细根根长与菌根侵染率、叶片磷、钾浓度及吸收量呈显著正相关,与叶片钠浓度呈显著负相关关系;棉花总生物量与叶片吸磷量、吸钾量极显著正相关。【结论】上述结果说明盐渍化土壤中的土著AM真菌侵染对棉花植株的磷、钾等营养状况的改善和棉株钠、氯效应的降低,与土著AM真菌促进细根生长、提高细根根长占总根长的比例有关。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献