共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
G. Weber-Blaschke R. Heitz M. Blaschke C. Ammer 《European Journal of Forest Research》2008,127(6):465-479
This study aimed to improve knowledge about the nutritional status, site requirements and site classification for European
ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) by reinvestigating young plantations from 1991/1992 on windfall-affected areas in Bavaria/Germany after another decade.
Compared to the first survey in 1995, most stands improved their nutritional status until 2006. With the data set of element
concentrations in leaves of ash and sycamore available, the range of adequate nutrition could be determined for these species
in the pole stage phase. Both species show considerable height growth on a wide range of sites. Mean annual height growth
of dominant sycamore trees increased with rising foliar N or P concentrations but not for Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe and Al. For ash,
there was no relationship between the foliar nutrient level of any element and mean annual height growth. However, total height
around age 20 was favourably influenced by high base saturation and a good water supply at well-drained sites. On acid soils,
where nutrients are delivered by subsurface water flow, well-growing stands are found as well. Soil water status according
to the state forest soil classification had no significant impact on mean annual height growth. Ash and sycamore show reduced
productivity on some (moderately) dry soils and fail on poorly drained moist sites. Based on these results, the classification
of forest sites suitable for ash and sycamore within the Bavarian study sites was revised.
Dedicated to Professor Dr. Karl-Eugen Rehfuess on his 75th birthday. 相似文献
2.
J. K. Jensen L. H. Rasmussen K. Raulund-Rasmussen O. K. Borggaard 《European Journal of Forest Research》2008,127(4):263-274
Despite high demand on the timber, sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) covers only about 2% of the forested area in Denmark, mainly because several examples of failed stands have made foresters
reluctant to grow sycamore. In order to optimize the use of sycamore, scientifically based knowledge is needed on the specific
demands of sycamore to soil properties. Therefore, 34 stands of sycamore covering a broad range of soil types, tree heights
and ages were investigated. Tree height and age were determined on 20 trees in each stand and combined into a site index.
In each stand, soil water status, slope and ground cover were determined and soil samples were taken and analyzed for pH,
organic carbon, total nitrogen, calcium carbonate, bulk density and texture in the laboratory. The data were analyzed by simple
regression supplemented by PCA and MLR. Accordingly, sycamore can grow well on a broad range of soils regarding texture and
water content. However, soils with stagnant water within 40 cm of the soil surface are unsuited for sycamore. On well-drained
soils, increasing clay content caused better sycamore growth, which was also improved on insufficiently drained soils with
calcium carbonate. Increased nitrogen content stimulated sycamore growth while, less productive stands occurred on carbon
rich soils indicating that carbon and nitrogen contents can serve as sycamore growth indicators. Bulk density, C/N ratio and
pH showed no significant influence on growth. The investigation showed that sycamore could grow well on a broader range of
soils than hitherto believed. 相似文献
3.
Ana Cristina Gonçalves Anabela Afonso Dulce G. Pereira Anacleto Pinheiro 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(6):1019-1030
Most umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) stands are managed as agroforestry systems, whose main production is fruit, due to the edible and highly nutritious kernels, and are frequently associated to natural or seeded pastures and grazing. The stands have low density, in order to enhance crown growth and fruit production. Nevertheless, cone production, both with regard to number and weight, varies greatly between stands, trees and years. In this study were selected three agroforestry systems, representative of umbrella pine stands whose main production is fruit, and one stand representative of the timber production system, where fruit is the secondary production. It was evaluated the variability in cone production as a function of the tree’s diameter at breast height and crown diameter and the individual tree’s competition status. The results indicate that stands managed in agroforestry systems with lower competition and individuals with larger diameter at breast height and crown diameter tend to produce more and heavier cones per tree. The first two principal components of the principal component analysis explain 84 % of the variance in cone production, trees’ dimensions and competition index. Tree competition status has a negative impact on production per tree. 相似文献
4.
The allometric relationships between mean weights of components, such as stems, branches and leaves and tree weight as well
as their time-trajectories, were studied with data of self-thinning Pinus densiflora stands with different densities. The allometric relationships existed between the weights of stems, branches and leaves and
the tree weight during the course of self-thinning. The stem weight ratio increased with increasing tree weight because the
allometric coefficient in stem was higher than unity, whereas the branch weight ratio and the leaf weight ratio decreased
because the allometric coefficients in branches and leaves were less than unity. An allometric power relationship existed
between mean component weight and mean tree weight during the course of self-thinning. The time-trajectory of mean component
weight (w
o) and density (ρ) in the early growth stage was expressed as a mathematical model which incorporates the allometric power
relationship into the Tadaki’s model, whereas the model for describing w
o-ρ trajectory in the later growth stage was derived by combining the allometric power relationship with 3/2 power law. The
two models, Tadaki’s model and 3/2 power law, showed a good fit to data from P. densiflora stands. The time-trajectories of mean tree weight (w)-density (ρ) or w
o-ρ initially almost moves nearly vertically in the low-density stand, moves along a steep curve and an inclined curve in the
medium- and high-density stands, respectively, and gradually approaches self-thinning line in the early stage of stand development,
whereas they reached and moved along the self-thinning line in the later stage of stand development. The self-thinning exponents
were determined to be 1.71, 1.19 and 1.13 for the trees, 2.38, 1.33 and 1.20 for the stem, 3.16, 1.55 and 1.46 for the branches,
2.66, 1.39 and 1.35 for the leaves in the low-, medium- and high-density stands, respectively. The 3/2 power law of self-thinning
is derived on the basis of simple geometric model of space occupation by growing trees, but allometric growth of tree and
components can make the slope of the self-thinning line being different from −3/2. The reasons that the self-thinning exponents
of components in the low-density stand were greater than those in the medium- and high-density stands were discussed. 相似文献
5.
We developed site-specific allometric models for Leucaena leucocephala × pallida var. KX2 trees in a shaded coffee agroecosystem in Hawaii to predict above- and belowground biomass and the regrowth potential
of pollarded trees. Models were used to compare tree growth rates in an experimental agroforestry system with different pollarding
frequencies and additions of tree pruning residues as mulch. For all allometric equations, a simple power model (Y = aXb) provided the optimal prediction of biomass or regrowth after pollarding. For aboveground biomass components (stem, branches,
leaves, and seed and pods), stem diameter alone was the best predictor variable. Stump diameter provided the best prediction
of coarse root biomass and aboveground regrowth after pollarding. Predictions of biomass from generalized allometric models
often fell outside the 95% confidence intervals of our site-specific models, especially as biomass increased. The combination
of pollarding trees once per year plus the addition of tree mulch resulted in the greatest aboveground regrowth rates as well
as accumulation of biomass and C in the stump plus coarse roots. Although optimal prediction required the development of site-specific
allometric relationships, a simple power model using stem or stump diameter alone can provide an accurate assessment of above-
and belowground tree biomass, as well as regrowth potential under specific management scenarios. 相似文献
6.
Aleš Kadunc 《European Journal of Forest Research》2007,126(3):349-358
Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) is a tree species with highly valuable wood. Similar to European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), the stemwood of sycamore can be devalued due to the discolouration i.e. brown heart (hearwood discolouration, hereafter).
This paper aims to establish the influence of tree traits and site characteristics on the formation of heartwood discolouration
and the possibility of predicting the occurrence of heartwood discolouration. For this purpose, 351 sycamore trees from 38
sites in Slovenia, most of them on carbonate bedrock and in the mountain vegetation belt, were analysed. Stem analysis was
carried out on all the trees and the age, diameter at breast height (dbh), height of crown base, forking and crown size, were
established. On the stump and upper fronts of the first and second logs, the maximum heartwood discolouration diameter was
measured. Using logistic regression, the positive influence of age, relative crown length and average diameter increment on
the formation of heartwood discolouration was ascertained. Conversely, the probability of heartwood discolouration was diminished
by diameter increment in the last 20 years. In the less productive sites, the probability of formation of heartwood discolouration
was relatively high in small diameter trees, but it increased slowly with diameter. Tree forking also contributed to a large
extent of the heartwood discolouration. After the diameter at breast height achieves 45 cm, the formation of heartwood discolouration
on the first log is highly probable. As in beech, the heartwood discolouration increases along the stem axis up to a height
of 6–8 m, and decreases in the higher parts of the tree. 相似文献
7.
Young trees were harvested to explore non-destructive methodologies to estimate live branch dry weights in young fast-growing Eucalyptus species under different spacing and fertilizer treatments. Branch growth can vary with silvicultural management such as spacing, fertilizing and thinning, and over relatively short periods in response to environmental conditions. Many published regressions based on standard measurements of height and diameter are site, age and treatment specific. The aim of this study was to improve our capacity to predict woody crown dry weight, based on stem measurements, and to minimize (or eliminate) treatment effects on the resulting model. In young trees, branches are temporary support structures for foliage and are often discarded as the base of the green crown rises. As temporary structures they represent an investment of biomass and nutrient elements, and are subject to selection pressures to maximize the return on investment by the tree. Trees were harvested from existing plantation experiments located in south-eastern Queensland for E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (ranging from 0.28 to 15.85 m in height, to 5 years old) and south-western Australia for E. globulus Labill. (0.10–34.4 m in height, to 10.2 years) in order to examine the impact of spacing, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on early growth. Relationships to estimate crown woody biomass from non-destructive measurements were developed, and these relationships tended to have different slopes and intercepts for trees with predominantly juvenile foliage and those with intermediate or adult foliage. Dry weight of whole-crown live branch wood (Wbranch) was related to heights and/or diameter at breast height (DBH), but the regressions parameters were different, depending on treatment. The relationships became more generic (i.e. less dependent on treatment effects) between Wbranch and stem sectional area at the height of the base of the green crown (SACB), consistent with the pipe model theory (R2 > 0.91 for the two species for trees with intermediate/adult leaves). However, Wbranch was more closely related again to the stem volume above the base of the green crown and treatment effects were not significant (VCon,gc, R2 > 0.93). Branches exit the stem below the green crown, and for E. grandis the best relationship was on stem volume above the lowest live branch (VCon,llb, R2 0.94). Limited sampling from four other species with similar or contrasting crown characteristics indicated that the relationship could be applied quite generally. Individual E. grandis branch woody dry weight was closely related to the conical volume of the main (first order) branch (Vcon,br, R2 0.98). The whole crown equivalent, branch woody dry weight plus stem dry weight above the lowest live branch, was also closely related to the stem volume within the woody crown (VCon,llb, R2 0.97–0.99). While the slope of this relationship was still significantly different between trees with juvenile and intermediate/adult foliage, it had a similar form, suggesting that trees with juvenile foliage allocated a different proportion of their woody biomass within the crown to branches than older trees. 相似文献
8.
Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia farnesiana are tree species used for several agricultural purposes in the Mediterranean region. The seeds of these species exhibit dormancy,
causing delayed germination. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pre-sowing treatments (scarification,
hot water, or soaking) on seed germination of L. leucocephala and A. farnesiana. In one experiment, seeds were exposed to three pre-sowing treatments: control, sandpaper scarification, or soaking in 70°C
water for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 min. In another experiment, seeds were soaked in 70°C water for 20 min, and then soaked
in water at room temperature for an additional 24, 48, or 72 h or blade scarified. In general, soaking the seeds of the two
species in hot water was more effective in breaking seed dormancy than scarification. Sandpaper scarification was not effective
for either species. Blade scarification increased A. farnesiana seed germination to 56%, indicating that seed dormancy was mainly a consequence of hardseededness.
L. leucocephala seeds collected from Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) site and soaked in 70°C water for 20 min and then
soaked for 24, 48, or 72 h had germination rates above 97%. Our results suggest that blade scarification of A. farnesiana seeds and soaking of L. leucocephala seeds in 70°C water for 20 min are effective treatments to break seed dormancy and enhance seed germination of these vital
species. 相似文献
9.
Arne Sæbø Inger Sundheim Fløistad Jan Netland Brynjar Skúlason Øyvind Meland Edvardsen 《New Forests》2009,38(2):143-156
Abies nordmanniana and Abies lasiocarpa, established for Christmas tree production in southwestern Norway (58°44′N, 5°38′E), were treated with different weed control
methods, including chemicals, use of black plastic mulch, grass or clover as ground cover, living mulch and mechanical hoeing.
Ground cover with black plastic mulching resulted in the best growth and quality in A. lasiocarpa; the least favourable treatment was when grasses were allowed to grow close to the trees. Unless measures were taken to remove
this competing vegetation, the ground cover grew over the trees, smothering 94% of them. A. nordmanniana plants grew to the same height on plots with no weed control as on plots with thorough weed eradication. Stem diameter decreased
on plots with ground vegetation compared to seedlings grown in the weed-free environment. The use of Trifolium repens as ground cover decreased height growth by 30% compared to thorough weed control. Both grasses and clover sown as living
mulch, damaged the trees more than did natural weed vegetation. 相似文献
10.
S. De Smedt K. Alaerts A. M. Kouyaté P. Van Damme G. Potters R. Samson 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,82(1):87-97
We analyzed the phenotypic variation of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruits from Mali to define the domestication potential of this species. 269 trees, selected from 10 provenances distributed
along a rainfall gradient, were characterized. Five fruits were sampled from each tree. Total individual fruit weight was
partitioned into shell, pulp, and seed weight. Ratios were calculated between pulp + seed and total weight, and between pulp
and seed weight. For all the measured fruit traits, we detected significant differences between provenances, as well as between
trees from the same provenance. Assuming that the measured traits are under genetic control, the latter facts indicate that
there are considerable opportunities for tree selection on a local scale. However, candidate plus trees with specific properties,
e.g., extremely high pulp or seed weight, were found only in some locations. Mean pulp yield per fruit might be considerably
increased by selecting the 5% trees with the highest pulp weight (mean: 45 ± 1 g, best 5%: >100 g). The same might be true
for seed production (mean: 71 ± 2 g, best 5%: >150 g). Also the ratio between pulp and seed weight can be an important fruit
characteristic for selection: in fruits with a low ratio, relatively more pulp sticks to the seeds when separating the two
fruit parts by grinding, and thus more pulp will be lost for further processing. We identified several trees with a high pulp
weight combined with a high ratio between pulp and seed weight. It is concluded that there is considerable phenotypic variability
in traits of baobab fruit in Mali, offering opportunities for cultivar selection. 相似文献
11.
Stemflow is a focused point source input of precipitation and nutrients at the base of a tree or plant and can have a significant impact on site hydrology. To date, no known studies have modelled stemflow production for juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Meteorological conditions, tree characteristics, and stemflow were sampled for two juvenile lodgepole pine stands over the course of the 2009 growing season. Step-wise multiple regression was used to assess which meteorological and tree architecture variables influenced stemflow production for each research plot. Once predictor variables were identified, models were produced for each stand and a generic model was produced that applied to both plots. A model employing precipitation depth and crown projection area successfully explained 71.3% of the variation in stemflow production from sampled trees. Stemflow was found to represent 1.8% of the study period rainfall and, although not a large component of the plot-scale canopy water balance, it is an order of magnitude greater than the fractioning of stemflow from mature lodgepole and lodgepole pine dominated forest. Additionally, stemflow funnelling ratios were found to average 22.2 and 24.3 from the two sample plots over the study period with a single tree, single event maximum of 111.7 recorded for a tree with a 3.3 cm bole diameter and a rain depth of 17.4 mm. 相似文献
12.
The advantages of associating shade trees in coffee agroforestry systems (AFS) are generally thought to be restricted mostly
to poor soil and sub-optimal ecological conditions for coffee cultivation whereas their role in optimal conditions remains
controversial. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate, under the optimal coffee cultivation conditions of the
Central Valley of Costa Rica, the impact of Inga densiflora, a very common shade tree in Central America, on the microclimate, yield and vegetative development of shaded coffee in comparison
to coffee monoculture (MC). Maximum temperature of shaded coffee leaves was reduced by up to 5°C relative to coffee leaf temperature
in MC. The minimum air temperature at night was 0.5°C higher in AFS than air temperature in MC demonstrating the buffering
effects of shade trees. As judged by the lower relative extractable water (REW) in the deep soil layers during the dry season,
water use in AFS was higher than in MC. Nevertheless, competition for water between coffee and associated trees was assumed
to be limited as REW in the 0–150 cm soil layer was always higher than 0.3 in shaded coffee compared to 0.4 in monoculture.
Coffee production was quite similar in both systems during the establishment of shade trees, however a yield decrease of 30%
was observed in AFS compared to MC with a decrease in radiation transmittance to less than 40% during the latter years in
the absence of an adequate shade tree pruning. As a result of the high contribution (60%) of shade trees to overall biomass,
permanent aerial biomass accumulation in AFS amounted to two times the biomass accumulated in MC after 7 years. Thus provided
an adequate pruning, Inga-shaded plantations appeared more advantageous than MC in optimal conditions, especially considering the fact that coffee
AFS provides high quality coffee, farmers’ revenue diversification and environmental benefits. 相似文献
13.
The ring characteristics and screw withdrawal resistance (SWR) of naturally regenerated Taiwan yellow cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana) trees were explored. Significant differences in average ring width (RW), earlywood width, latewood width, ring density (RD),
earlywood density (ED), latewood density (LD), highest density (Dmax), lowest density (Dmin), latewood percentage (LWP), and SWR were observed between trees, rings (SWR excluded), and tree height positions. The RW
components in the radial direction increased from the pith outward to about the 3rd to 5th ring and then decreased to about
the 25th ring; it was almost constantly sustained toward the bark side. The RD in the radial direction slowly decreased from
the pith outward to the bark side. Average ring width and ring density were significantly affected by the various tree growth
rates, radial ring numbers, and tree height positions. ED, LD, Dmax, Dmin, and LWP were the most important factors determining the overall RD. RW did not correlate with tree RD. SWR is correlated
with ED, RD, Dmin, LWP, and intra-ring density variation (IDV). Thus, the SWR can be used to predict wood density and in nondestructive evaluation
of a living tree. 相似文献
14.
Agroforestry systems based on poplar (Populus deltoides) are becoming popular in eastern and northern parts of India. Therefore studies on the structure and function of the systems
are important. The investigations included allometric equations for above- and belowground tree components, crop and plantation
floor biomass and litter fall estimation at Pusa, Bihar, India. Biomass, floor litter mass, litter fall and net primary productivity
(NPP) of plantations increased with an increase in age of trees whereas, crop biomass for any specific crop interplanted with
poplar decreased with the age of the plantation. The total plantation biomass increased from 12.08 to 90.59 Mg ha−1 and NPP varied from 5.69 to 27.9 Mg ha−1 year−1. The biomass accumulation ratio ranged from 2.1 to 3.2. Total annual litter fall was in between 1.95 and 10.00 Mg ha−1 year−1, of which 92–94% was contributed by leaf litter. Compartmental models were developed for dry matter distribution in agroforestry
systems involving young (3-year-old) and mature (9-year-old) poplar trees interplanted with various crops, the crops being
grown in two rotations maize (Zea mays) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) – turmeric (Curcuma domestica) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) – turmeric. This study substantiates the potential of Populus deltoides G3 under agroforestry combinations. 相似文献
15.
An allometric model that explains the mechanism of the difference in the slope of the Reineke equation (A) among species was proposed based on the allometric relationships of mean tree height (H) to quadratic mean diameter D (H ∝ D
θ
) and stand density N (H ∝ N
δ
), i.e., A = θ/δ. The proposed model was fitted to Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) and red pine (Pinus densiflora) stands. The allometric exponents θ and δ were, respectively, 0.8995 and −0.5000 for cypress and 0.8612 and −0.6619 for pine. The difference between cypress and pine
was significant for δ but not for θ. Inserting the exponents into the model resulted in predicted slopes of −1.7991 for cypress and −1.3011 for pine. The difference
in the slope of the Reineke equation between the two species was produced by characteristics related to the tree crown, rather
than characteristics related to stem slenderness. The proposed model enables us to estimate the slope of the Reineke equation
from commonly measured stand attributes, such as mean tree height and quadratic mean diameter. Therefore, the proposed model
is expected to be practical and convenient for estimating the slope of the Reineke equation and for explaining the mechanism
of its variation among species. The model should be also accepted as a generalized model of the stand density versus quadratic
mean diameter relationship, whereas the original Reineke equation should be seen as a specific case of this model. 相似文献
16.
Generic equations are proposed for stem, branch and foliage biomass of individual trees in even-aged pure stands of Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Larix kaempferi. Biomass data was collected from a total of 1,016 individual trees from 247 stands throughout Japan, and five regression
models were assessed by root mean square error, mean bias, fit index (FI), and AIC. The results show that a power equation
using diameter at breast height (dbh) and height is the most suitable for all species and components. This equation is more
accurate than the familiar power equation that uses ‘dbh2 height’, and it expresses the greater volume of branch and foliage mass of trees with a lower height/diameter ratio. A power
equation using dbh is more reasonable for models with dbh as the only independent variable and more accurate than a power
equation using ‘dbh2 height’ for estimating branch and foliage mass. Estimating error for branch and foliage mass is larger than that for stem
mass, but the entire aboveground biomass can be estimated with an error of less than 19%, except in the case of small trees
with dbh less than 10 cm. 相似文献
17.
Guillermo Riesco Muñoz Marcos Barrio Anta 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(6):1037-1045
Forty young trees from a stand of maritime pine in the southern mountains of Galicia, Spain (42°21′N: 8°01′W) were felled
to obtain the material required for studying density and shrinkage in clear and small wood specimens. The wood ranged from
light to moderately heavy, and the dimensions remained reasonably stable with varying moisture content. The results were consistent
with those obtained in previous studies of adult trees, except for axial shrinkage, which was very high and variable in this
study. The between-tree variation in wood properties was high considering that the sampled trees came from the same stand.
However, the relationships between density and height in the stem were similar in all trees. A general model for the prediction
of volumetric shrinkage was developed, with oven-dry density and ring width as predictor variables. The model is feasible
for estimation of wood quality in living trees. It is applicable to tree selection for thinning and for genetic improvement
of stock. 相似文献
18.
Variations in tree ring growth of Quercus suber L. were analysed using dendrochronological techniques on cork oak discs from trees harvested in the cork producing region
of Alentejo, Portugal. A tree-ring chronology containing a strong common signal and covering the period from 1970 to 1995
was build for ca. 30-year-old cork oaks never submitted to cork harvesting using 14 trees that crossdated satisfactorily out
of 30 sampled trees. The tree ring indices correlated positively with September temperature (r = 0.48, P < 0.05) and very strongly with precipitation totals from previous October until current February (r = 0.82, P < 0.001) showing that the water stored in the soil during the autumn and winter months prior to the growing season has a
primordial effect on the growth of the given season. The effects of cork harvesting were analysed by comparing mean ring width,
mean annual vessel area, vessel density (n°vessels/mm2), and vessel coverage (percentage of transverse surface occupied by vessels) between three mature cork oak trees and three
young trees, for the period from 1987 to 1996, corresponding to the growth between two consecutive cork removals in the case
of mature trees. In 1988, 1989 and 1996 (corresponding to the first and second years after cork removal, and 1996 to a year
of cork removal), the ratios between ring widths of young versus mature trees was twice that for the rest of the period. However,
an effect of cork removal indicated by eventual alterations in vessel size and distribution in the wood rings corresponding
to the years 1988, 1989 and 1996 in the mature cork oaks was not observed. 相似文献
19.
Serena Santolamazza-Carbone Montserrat Pestaña José Antonio Vega 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(3):343-353
The spectrum and dynamics of xylophagous insects infesting Pinus pinaster after a fire event were studied from November 2007 to December 2008 at Sierra de Outes (Galicia, NW Spain). Insects were
collected within and outside the fire area. Relationships among species status, species abundance, tree parameters and tree
injury were assessed. Mortality of injured trees was also recorded. Insect colonization built up consistently during the first
year after the fire, although the pests did not colonize unburned trees in nearby areas. Thirteen insect species from six
xylophagous families were collected. Tomicus spp., Buprestis novenmaculata, Anobium punctatum and Pissodes castaneus were the first species detected. Tomicus spp. (29%) and Ips sexdentatus (23%) were the dominant taxa. Bole char height and soil burn severity were positively correlated with insect presence. Trees
with short stem diameter and thinner bark were also preferred. B. novenmaculata presence was positively correlated with crown scorch. Loss of cambium hydration was negatively related to the occurrence
of pests, likely because sapwood desiccation and loss of nutrient impede brood development. About 33.3% of the fire-scorched
pines died. The results recommend the removal of injured and dying pines after fire, to avoid the rise of pest population
threatening recovering trees in the burned areas. 相似文献
20.