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1.
为评估不同SNP标记密度对凡纳滨对虾AHPND抗性基因组预测准确性的影响，本实验对26个全同胞家系进行Vp AHPND侵染，收集686尾个体的存活时间数据，对其中242尾个体利用液相芯片“黄海芯1号”(55.0 K SNP)进行基因分型，基于A、G和H亲缘关系矩阵估计Vp AHPND侵染后存活时间的遗传参数；采用随机和等距抽取方式，基于55.0K SNP构建了8个低密度SNP面板(40.0、30.0、20.0、10.0、5.0、1.0、0.5和0.1 K)，利用GBLUP和ssGBLUP等方法预测Vp AHPND侵染后存活时间的基因组育种值，利用交叉验证方法计算其预测准确性，并与BLUP方法进行对比分析。遗传参数估计结果显示，Vp AHPND侵染后存活时间表现为高遗传力水平，估计值为0.68～0.79。在55.0 K SNP密度下，针对242尾基因分型个体数据集(G242)，利用BLUP、GBLUP和ssGBLUP方法获得的预测准确性分别为0.424、0.450和0.452,GBLUP和ssGBLUP比BLUP分别提升了6.13%和6.60%；针对686尾表型测定个体数据集(P686)... 相似文献
2.
为了解吉林省杂色杜父鱼野生群体遗传多样性，应用扩增片段长度多态性（amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP）标记技术，对漫江、三道松江河和鸭绿江上游采捕的3个杂色杜父鱼群体总计30个个体的遗传多样性、遗传变异及遗传相似性进行分析，并构建系统进化树。8组引物组合总计扩增出915个条带，其中多态性位点843个，占比92.1%。3个群体的观测等位基因数（Na）分别为1.316 6、1.306 7、1.203 7,有效等位基因数（Ne）分别为1.151 7、1.134 2、1.111 9,Nei’s基因多样性指数（H）分别为0.091 2、0.081 6、0.067 0,Shannon’s信息指数（I）分别为0.141 0、0.127 3、0.102 0,其中漫江群体的遗传多样性水平最高，鸭绿江上游群体最低；3个群体的遗传分化系数(Gst)平均值为0.286 0,表明3个群体之间发生了一定程度的分化；30个个体的遗传相似性在0.809 0～0.945 6,表明所采集的30尾杂色杜父... 相似文献
3.
为开发常见鲑鳟养殖物种通用的遗传分析工具,本研究利用Affymetrix虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 57K高通量单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片,对国内代表性鲑鳟养殖群体开展了分型检测,包括山女鳟(Oncorhynchus masou masou)、银鲑(Oncorhynchus kisutch)、美洲红点鲑(Salvelinus fontinalis)、白斑红点鲑(Salvelinus leucomaenis) 4个物种,从57,501个SNP标记中筛选出96个共享多态性标记,应用Fluigidm 96.96动态芯片平台,构建了大麻哈鱼属(Oncorhynchus)和红点鲑属(Salvelinus)通用型低通量SNP芯片。该芯片分型结果准确性较高,与Affymetrix高通量芯片分型一致性达到96.55%。使用该芯片对来自6个家系的48尾银鲑个体及其候选亲本进行检测,应用Cervus 3.0.7软件进行亲权鉴定,结果能够准确重现复杂家系的真实系谱。在用于单亲本亲权鉴定时,第一亲本非排除率(Non-exclusion probability for first parent, NE-1P)为4.120×10~(–4);用于双亲本亲权鉴定时,双亲非排除率(Non-exclusion probability for parent pair, NE-PP)低至6.219×10~(–12),表明该芯片在鲑鳟养殖群体系谱鉴定应用中具有较高的准确性。使用该芯片开展4个鲑鳟养殖群体遗传结构分析,样本分群聚类结果与其所属的分类阶元相符,能够准确反映群体遗传组分构成和遗传关系。本研究构建的低通量SNP芯片在常见鲑鳟养殖物种中具有良好的通用性,将其应用于养殖群体遗传分析,能够为鲑鳟制种、育种和引种等科学决策提供基因组信息参考。 相似文献
4.
运用线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区部分基因序列测序技术对6个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体(S1、S2、G1、G2、K1和Sg)的遗传多样性和系统进化关系进行了分析.结果显示,在检测到的146个单倍型中,144个为单群体特有,其余两个为群体S1和S2共享.6个群体的单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.42-0.99,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00-0.08,其中,单倍型多样性最高的是群体K1 (Hd=0.99±0.01),核苷酸多样性最高的是群体S2 (π=0.08±0.04).综合考虑,遗传多样性最低的为群体S1(Hd=0.42±0.08,π=0.00),遗传多样性最高的是群体S2 (Hd=0.88±0.02,π=0.08±0.04).AMOVA分析结果显示,来自群体间的遗传差异(46.98％)略低于来自群体内的遗传差异(53.02％).各群体间的遗传分化Fst值均为正值(0.173-0.974),表明6个群体间存在较大程度的遗传分化差异.基于遗传距离的构建的UPGMA系统进化树和基于单倍型结果构建的NJ聚类图显示,系统进化树主要分为两支:S1和S2群体聚在一起成为一支;G1和G2群体首先聚在一起,再与Sg群体聚在一起,随后与K1群体聚成另一支,6个群体单倍型的聚类关系与遗传距离的进化关系类似.进一步对群体内雌雄群体间遗传差异进行分析发现,同一群体的雌雄群体间遗传多样性水平相近,雌雄群体间基本出现轻微到明显的遗传分化;比较相同群体不同生长速率的个体的遗传参数发现,生长较快群体与生长较慢群体间可能出现一定程度的遗传分化差异;对同一公司不同时间购买的群体分析发现,购买间隔较长(7-9个月)的群体之间的遗传分化值可能会大于不同种虾公司间群体的遗传分化值. 相似文献
5.
为明确不同选育群体中间球海胆的遗传多样性和遗传结构,利用SSR-seq技术和15个微卫星位点,对1个家系选育群体(FP)、1个群体选育群体(IP)和1个未经选育的普通养殖群体(CP)的遗传多样性及遗传结构进行了分析。结果显示,15个微卫星位点共检测出112个等位基因,FP、IP、CP 3个群体的平均观测等位基因数(Na)分别为5.077、5.133和6.133个,平均有效等位基因(Ne)分别为2.816、2.873和3.638个,平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.522、0.441和0.501,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.595、0.599和0.667,平均多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为0.546、0.543和0.623。家系选育群体(FP) He与Ho的差值(0.073)低于IP (0.158)和CP (0.166),平均固定指数(F)(0.115)低于IP (0.248)和CP (0.246)。3个群体间遗传分化系数(Fst)介... 相似文献
6.
基于凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) 40K SNP 芯片分型信息估计了低温波动条件下幼虾体重性状的遗传参数, 为凡纳滨对虾耐低温新品种的选育提供基础数据。利用来自 40 个家系的 4000 尾凡纳滨对虾幼虾, 通过地下井水降温的方式使养殖温度从 30 ℃骤降至 20 , 24 h ℃ 自然回温后稳定 4 d。该降温–回温–稳定过程重复 3 次, 继续养殖 15 d后进行体重和存活性状测试。与对照群体相比, 低温波动条件对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长影响显著(P＜0.05), 而对存活性状影响不显著(P＞0.05)。根据个体的系谱信息构建 A 矩阵; 利用 40K SNP 芯片对 159 尾家系亲本及其同胞个体进行 SNP 分型, 复合 SNP 信息和系谱信息构建 H 矩阵。基于 A 和 H 矩阵, 利用个体动物模型估计体重性状的方差组分和遗传参数。低温波动条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾基于 A 矩阵获得体重的遗传力为 0.37±0.07, 基于 H 矩阵获得体重的遗传力为 0.40±0.08, 为高遗传力水平。经交叉验证, 基于两种不同矩阵的预测准确性和偏差无明显差别。研究结果表明, 低温波动条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾的体重性状表现出丰富的遗传变异, 多代选育可能获得较大的遗传进展。 相似文献
7.
利用微卫星标记进行马氏珠母贝家系遗传结构分析与系谱认证 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为改良马氏珠母贝养殖群体性状,2010年4月,从马氏珠母贝选育系F3选择性腺成熟个体为亲本,建立了36个家系,按照常规技术进行幼体培育和海区养成.2010年11月,从36个家系中随机选取4个家系,每个家系取样30个个体,利用13对微卫星引物进行家系遗传结构和系谱鉴别分析.结果显示,(1) 13个微卫星引物在4个家系中共检测到39个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数为2～5,4个家系的平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.531 ～0.597,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.474 ～0.507;(2)根据子代基因型成功地推断出4个家系的亲本基因型,据此鉴别各个家系;用UPGMA法对120个样本进行聚类分析,98.3％的同一家系的子代个体能够聚到一起,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致.结果说明,这4个家系具有较高的遗传多样性和家系间具有明显的遗传分化;微卫星标记能有效地为马氏珠母贝群体的系谱分析提供技术支持. 相似文献
8.
为评估钱塘江上游黄尾鲴的增殖放流效果和潜在遗传风险,本实验利用已开发的11对微卫星引物,基于亲子鉴定技术对钱塘江上游增殖放流黄尾鲴的资源贡献率进行估算,同时开展黄尾鲴养殖群体和野外群体的遗传多样性比较,评估其增殖放流的遗传风险。结果显示,33尾繁殖亲本群体和105尾回捕群体的平均等位基因数(Na)为8.64,平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.708,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.739,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.703,11对微卫星引物多样性较高。亲缘关系分析表明,11个座位累计非亲排除率(CEP)达到99.999 980%,在回捕的105尾黄尾鲴个体中,5尾回捕个体被确认为放流的子代,对野外群体的资源贡献率为4.76%。黄尾鲴养殖群体和野外群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,且群体内各个遗传参数相差较小,遗传多样性水平相近;分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,遗传变异主要来自于群体内(95.92%),遗传分化系数FST为0.053 59,群体间的基因流(Nm)为4.42,属于低等程度的分化... 相似文献
9.
对脊尾白虾的莱州湾、海洲湾、象山湾3个野生群体共计62个个体的核糖体RNA转录单元内间隔区ITS1基因片段进行克隆和测序,对序列特点进行分析,并结合GenBank数据库中已有的长臂虾亚科ITS1同源序列虾类进行系统分析。结果显示,脊尾白虾的ITS1序列具有长度多态性,其长度为345~384 bp,62条序列GC的平均含量显著高于AT含量;共检测到79个变异位点,39种单倍型,多态位点比例为21.7%;海洲湾群体遗传多样性指数最高,象山湾群体次之,莱州湾群体最低。在脊尾白虾ITS1序列中发现微卫星序列共有8处,重复序列类型为(GC)n、(AG)n、(GGC)n、(GGA)n、(AT)n、(GA)n,以(GA)n类型最多。AMOVA分析结果显示3个群体间的遗传分化较弱或只有中度分化。另外用MEGA4.0软件中的NJ法构建分子进化树,探讨长臂虾亚科几个种的系统进化关系,系统树显示同种的不同个体、同属的不同种聚在一起,与形态学的分类吻合。 相似文献
10.
用只读式电子芯片标识了291尾性腺发育较好的3龄半滑舌鳎Cynoglossus semilaevis繁育群体,其中雌性98尾,体质量(2 060±350)g;雄性193尾,体质量(500±140)g。利用20个微卫星标记分析繁育群体的遗传组成。结果表明,雌性群体(Ho=0.606)的观测杂合度显著高于雄性群体(H_o=0.548)(P0.05),有效等位基因数(Ne)、期望杂合度(He)和多态信息含量(PIC)差异不显著(P0.05),群体平均多态信息含量分别为0.654和0.616,雌、雄群体均处于高度多态水平(PIC0.5),表明半滑舌鳎群体遗传多样性较好,具备进一步繁殖、筛选优良品系的遗传潜力。用"基于亲本遗传背景的分子育种软件1.0"计算半滑舌鳎雌、雄个体间遗传距离在0.254~1.959之间,不同遗传距离范围的频率呈正态分布,其中个体间遗传距离在0.7~1.0之间的占51.82%,考虑到生产操作的便捷,设定亲本间最佳遗传距离阈值为0.7~1.0之内。根据统计结果,建立半滑舌鳎家系配组的策略为选择位于不同聚类分支、遗传距离在0.7~1.0之间、表型性状在均值以上的一对或多对亲本生产单家系或混合家系。根据此策略获得混合家系选育组,并以常规生产的苗种作为对照,经10个月养殖,选育组的平均体质量、体长与对照组差异显著,其中平均体质量高于对照组24.56%,平均体长高于对照组6.98%。 相似文献
11.
为确定2018年冬季以来江苏省沿海地区养殖脊尾白虾患“僵尸病”的病原及流行病学特点，实验采用LB培养基和PDA培养基从病虾血淋巴中分离得到直径为1~3 mm、边缘整齐、米黄色隆起菌落；人工回感实验结果显示，回感后的脊尾白虾表现出与自然患病脊尾白虾相同的症状，并在回感脊尾白虾体内也分离出了相同的菌株，符合科赫氏法则。对该菌株进行形态观察结合18S rRNA序列对比及系统发育分析，发现分离菌株MQ2101具有酵母的典型形态，且与二尖梅奇酵母相似度达99.82%，结果表明菌株MQ2101为二尖梅奇酵母。致病性结果初步分析显示，MQ2101对脊尾白虾的半致死浓度 (LD50)为1.39×107 CFU/尾。病理学观察发现，患病脊尾白虾鳃、肌肉和肝胰腺均发生不同程度的病变，其中肝胰腺病变最为严重，肝小管呈现空泡化，管腔体积变大；在鳃和肝胰腺组织中均存在大量定殖的菌体。流行病学调查结果显示，每年2—5月发病迅速，发病率为5%~30%，死亡率为3%~10%。本研究确定了二尖梅奇酵母为江苏沿海地区脊尾白虾“僵尸病”的病原，其对脊尾白虾具有较强致病性，主要侵染组织为肝胰腺和鳃。以上研究结果为脊尾白虾“僵尸病”的防控提供了相关科学依据。 相似文献
12.
Using mark-recapture methods, the movements of the fluvial form of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou) in a mountain stream on the island of Kyushu, Japan, were studied. Most (78%) of the masu salmon were recaptured in the
pool in which they had been originally caught and tagged. Of those that moved between pools, the proportion of individuals
that moved during the breeding period was not significantly higher than the proportion that moved during the non-breeding
period. However, during the breeding period, a higher proportion of larger salmon moved than did smaller fish. The proportion
of mobile large males during breeding period was higher than that for small males. Also, it was found that a few individuals
showed long-range movement in the autumn. As a long-term movement, 78 individual fish (65%) that were recaptured more than
three times showed high sedentary tendencies. Sixteen individual mobile fish (13%) moved and returned to the original pool.
Fluvial form of masu salmon in Kyushu show a high sedentary nature; however, large mature males seem to actively move in search
of female during breeding period. 相似文献
13.
基于SCAR标记的坛紫菜“闽丰1号”多重PCR鉴定技术的建立 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为建立坛紫菜“闽丰1号”(Z-26)品系的种质分子鉴定方法,采用300条RAPD引物对6个坛紫菜纯系进行标记扫描,从中筛选出“Z-26”品系的特异性随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记9个,经克隆和测序,其中两个特异性标记成功转化为特异SCAR标记(Z26-600和Z26-360),标记片段大小分别为530 bp和242 bp.并进一步通过4个不同实验验证,确定Z26-600和Z26-360两个标记是坛紫菜“Z-26”品系的特异和稳定性标记.最后为进一步简化种质鉴定程序,建立更为便捷和准确的种质鉴定方法,经过条件优化,以此两个标记为基础建立了坛紫菜“Z-26”品系的多重PCR鉴定方法,该方法可以在一次PCR反应中同时鉴定两个特异性标记. 相似文献
14.
Bacillus circulans PB7, isolated from the intestine of Catla catla, was evaluated for use as a probiotic supplement in the feeds for the fingerlings of Catla catla. The effect of supplement on the growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and immune response was evaluated. Catla
fingerlings (ave. wt. 6.48 ± 0.43 g) were fed diets supplemented with 2 × 104 (feed C1), 2 × 105 (feed C2), and 2 × 106 (feed C3) B. circulans PB 7 cells per 100 g feed for 60 days at 5% of the body weight per day in two equal instalments in triplicate treatments.
The control feed (CC) was not supplemented with the B. circulans. All the feeds were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Fish fed with feed C2 displayed better growth, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) highest RNA/DNA ratio, a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), and a higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) than the
other experimental diets. Highest carcass protein and lipid was also observed in the fish fed C2 feed compared to the others.
Significantly (P ≤ 0.05), highest protease was recorded in fish fed feed C2 (47.9 ± 0.016) and lowest in fish fed feed C3 (32.10 ± 0.009),
where α-amylase activity did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) beyond the lowest inclusion level. ALP, ACP, GOT, and GPT in the liver of Catla catla were the highest (P ≤ 0.05) in fish fed C2 feed. The highest TSP, albumin, and globulin was observed in fish treated with C2 feed after 60 days
feeding trial, but the lowest glucose level was observed in the same treatment. After the feeding trial, the non-specific
immunity levels and disease resistance of fish were also studied. Phagocytic ratio, phagocytic index, and leucocrit value
were the highest in fish fed feed C2. After the feeding trial, the fish were challenged for 10 days by bath exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila (AH1) (105c.f.u. ml−1 for 1 h, and, after 7 days, 107c.f.u. ml−1 for 1 h). Highest survival percentage was observed in fish fed with feed C2 compared with only 6.66% in the controls, which
indicated the effectiveness of B. circulans PB 7 in reducing disease caused by A. hydrophila. 相似文献
15.
Attempts to commercially farm the Chilean oyster, Tiostrea chilensis in New Zealand are hampered by high levels of shell infestation by the polydorid polychaete, Boccardia acus. Wild stock in the warmer, northern waters of New Zealand typically present a mean of 8.6±,0.7 worms per right upper valve from an early stage of development (~17 mm shell height). Both hypersaline and freshwater treatments were effective in reducing worm numbers, but freshwater treatment for 180–300 min was most effective and resulted in >98% worm mortality without producing any obvious harmful effects on the oyster. Hyposaline treatment is therefore recommended as a simple and cost-effective method for the control of B. acus in farmed T. chilensis. 相似文献
16.
High water temperature influences the survival, growth, and maturation of fish. Genetically characterizing thermal tolerance
is one of the most important subjects in fish culture. To identify the genetic characterization of thermal tolerance, this
characteristic was compared among strains, and among parents and their offspring, in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. In the strain comparison, significant differences in survival rate were observed among the five strains examined, and between
females and males. Females exhibited greater tolerance than males in four of five strains examined. In the comparison between
parents and their offspring, stronger influence of female parent than of male parent was observed. Offspring obtained from
surviving females exhibited greater tolerance than those from dead females. This tendency was typically observed in male offspring.
The survival rate in male offspring obtained from dead female parents was lower than that of those from surviving females.
The high-temperature tolerance of male parents did not influence this characteristic in offspring as strongly as that of female
parents. These results suggest that the major gene or genes, which has a dominant resistant allele and a recessive sensitive
allele, are probably passed on by sex-linked inheritance, located on the X chromosome. 相似文献
17.
We monitored feeding behavior and survival of starved juvenile olive flounder experimentally infected with the gill monogenean
Neoheterobothrium hirame. Infected flounder increased amount of the time spent in the water column by 117% when trying to capture live mysids, Neomysis sp. They also showed different feeding patterns from those of uninfected fish and made fewer attacks towards prey during
one feeding attempt. Although the average numbers of mysids captured by individuals were similar between infected and uninfected
fish, heavily infected fish tended to catch less prey. These results indicate that N. hirame reduces the feeding efficiency of the host for capturing live prey and possibly makes them more vulnerable to predation during
feeding. We could not detect any obvious difference in survival rates between uninfected, lightly and heavily infected fish
during 3 months of starvation. There was no evidence that starvation makes fish more susceptible to N. hirame. The present study provides first experimental evidence that N. hirame affects feeding behavior of juvenile olive flounder and supports the idea that this parasite indirectly reducing the host’s
survival and may be responsible for the recent reduction of the flounder population in Japan. 相似文献
18.
The catch per unit effort (CPUE) is a widely used index for assessing the abundance of exploited populations in fishery management.
To obtain appropriate CPUE values, it is essential to standardise catch-effort data from fisheries. This task is particularly
important for squid fisheries because squid generally have a short life-span and are vulnerable to environmental variability,
and thus effective fishery management should take such factors into account. In this study, we analysed unit catches of paired
vessels operating under similar fishing conditions to calculate their relative fishing power (RFP) in order to standardise
the CPUE of the Taiwanese fleet jigging for Illex argentinus in the Southwest Atlantic. To evaluate the appropriateness of the method, we used a logbook dataset covering eleven years
(1993–2003), in which 93.5% of the total catch during the period was included. The results indicate that 98.7% of the fishing
effort can be standardised according to the estimated RFP. Compared to nominal CPUE, the standardised CPUE values projected
an explainable temporal pattern, indicating an increasing trend in abundance from 1995 to 1999 and a subsequent sharp plunge
from 1999 to 2003. However, the RFP was not related to apparent physical factors of the vessel, such as gross tonnage or vessel
length. Our evaluations suggest that the RFP method is appropriate for standardising the CPUE, so that it can serve as an
abundance index that reflects the annual recruitment size of the squid fishery, because the quality of the method can potentially
take possible affecting factors into account in order to satisfy the general assumptions of standardisation criteria. However,
the effects of varying the settings of parameters should be carefully examined prior to applying this standardisation method
to other squid fisheries. 相似文献
19.
The effects of soy sauce koji and the lactic acid bacterium, Tetragenococcus halophilus, were studied on the fermentation of fish sauce prepared from Chinese silver carp. The fish sauce prepared without koji and the lactic acid bacterium contained low levels of organic materials, total nitrogen, and organic acids. The use of koji was effective in increasing these qualitative parameters and further improved the amino acid score of the fish sauce. Addition
of T. halophilus had an effect on lowering the pH value during the initial period of fermentation when the soy sauce koji was also supplemented. In contrast, T. halophilus-like bacteria were found to be predominant for all tanks fermented under the different starting conditions. Although it was
not examined whether the T. halophilus-like bacteria observed after fermentation were the same as the starter-bacterium or not, it was suggested that T. halophilus plays an important role in the successful fermentation of silver carp fish sauce. Sensory evaluation conducted with Japanese
and Chinese panelists also suggested the superiority of the use of koji for fermentation of silver carp fish sauce. 相似文献
20.
The stomach contents and feeding habits of the Taiwan mauxia shrimp Acetes intermedius were examined based on 420 specimens collected in the costal waters of south-western Taiwan. Two 24-h periodic samplings
of specimens were completed to describe the diel feeding periodicity of this species. Phytoplankton was the main food for
the Taiwan mauxia shrimp, and the dinoflagellates was the most important food. They also fed on zooplankton and amorphous
materials. Their diet changed with the seasons. The feeding activity of this species mainly occurred at night. The results
obtained in this study supported the hypothesis that A. intermedius performs a nocturnal vertical migration to avoid predators and to allow for safe feeding. 相似文献