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<正>目前,药剂防治是减轻小麦赤霉病发生程度的关键。据中国农药信息网数据显示,我国登记用于小麦赤霉病的制剂产品共309个(截至2019年8月),其中登记数量较多的为甲基硫菌灵、多·酮、戊唑·咪鲜胺、多菌灵、戊唑·多菌灵、福美双,占到了总登记证数量的61.56%,涉及相关的活性成分有30种,主要为多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺、福美双、三唑酮、氟环唑、己唑醇、硫磺、井冈毒素、烯肟菌酯、氰烯菌酯以及2019年最新批准的丙硫菌唑等。 相似文献
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不同杀菌剂对库尔勒香梨树腐烂病的防效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究采用刮治法和划痕法防治库尔勒香梨树腐烂病．从药剂的抑菌作用和田间药效试验分析比较不同杀菌剂的药效．通过2年的重复对比试验,结果表明,3％甲基硫菌灵糊剂（新果康宝）和2．12％腐植酸铜水剂对香梨树腐烂病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果较好．刮治法对伤口愈合效果最好的是25％吡唑醚菌酯乳油．其次是43％戊唑醇悬浮剂：划痕法对伤口愈合效果最好的是43％戊唑醇悬浮剂．其次是25％吡唑醚菌酯乳油：从抑菌作用及愈合作用的综合角度考虑．刮治法效果最好的是2．12％腐植酸铜水剂,其次是43％戊唑醇悬浮剂：划痕法效果最好的是43％戊唑醇悬浮剂．其次是3％甲基硫菌灵糊剂（新果康宝）。 相似文献
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本试验通过对市场上 6 种药剂对纹枯病防治效果的观察发现:小麦返青拔节期施用 250 g/L 丙环唑乳油、75%肟菌·戊唑醇 悬浮剂、240 g/L 噻呋酰胺悬浮剂 SC、25%苯甲·丙环唑水乳剂四种药剂 24d 均能降低小麦纹枯病茎率,对小麦纹枯病有一定的预防作用。药剂施用 49d 时,25%苯甲·丙环唑水乳剂、75%肟菌·戊唑醇悬浮剂、噻呋酰胺·氟环唑能够降低纹枯病病情指数;三种药剂处理的病情指数病均低于 21%且病指防效在 5%以上。药剂施用 78d 时,各处理的病茎率均 96%以上,且与对照差异不显著;各处理与对照病情指数均在 30%左右,仅有噻呋酰胺·氟环唑处理的病指防效相对较好为 3.32%。各处理产量与对照无显著差异。 相似文献
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爪哇镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌对甘薯具有强致病力，为了筛选对2种病原菌防效较好的药剂，采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、腐酶利、肟菌·戊唑醇、唑醚·代森联、咪鲜胺、中生菌素和四霉素对2株甘薯致病镰刀菌的室内毒力。结果表明，对爪哇镰刀菌菌株菌丝生长抑制作用最强的为四霉素和咪鲜胺，EC50分别为1.292、2.145μg/mL，其次为中生菌素和肟菌·戊唑醇，EC50分别为16.652、28.641μg/mL，腐酶利、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵和唑醚·代森联对爪哇镰刀菌菌株的抑制作用最差，EC50分别为440.540、637.120、680.765μg/mL和22385.367μg/mL；对尖孢镰刀菌菌株菌丝生长抑制作用最强的为四霉素、咪鲜胺和肟菌·戊唑醇，EC50分别为0.03、0.131μg/mL和0.177μg/mL，其次为中生菌素和多菌灵，EC50分别为3.66、14.408μg/mL。甲基硫菌灵和唑醚·代森联对尖孢镰刀菌菌株菌丝生长抑制作用较差，EC50分... 相似文献
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据《农药电子手册》,目前登记用于稻曲病防治的药剂中,单剂有络氨铜、琥珀胶肥酸铜、松脂酸铜等铜制剂,三苯基乙酸锡等锡制剂,己唑醇、三唑醇等唑类杀菌剂;复配剂有井冈霉素与蜡质芽孢杆菌(10%井·蜡芽悬浮剂)、三唑酮(15.5%井·酮可湿性粉剂)、烯唑醇(12%井·烯唑可湿性粉剂)、腈菌唑(8.5%腈菌·井可湿性粉剂)、氧化亚铜(42%井·氧化亚铜可湿性粉剂)的复配剂,三唑酮与多菌灵(40%多菌灵·三唑酮可湿性粉剂)、三苯基乙酸锡(20%苯乙锡·酮可湿性粉剂)、氧化亚铜(28%酮·氧亚铜可湿性粉剂)的复配剂等。其中井冈霉素与蜡质芽孢杆菌的复配剂为纯… 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献