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基于统计数据,分析河南省主要气象因子对主要粮食作物单产变化的影响,为气候变化条件下作物适应性措施的选择提供依据。研究基于中国气象局数据（1960-2018年）和河南省统计年鉴数据（1985-2018年）,分析了年均气温、年日照时数、年降雨量和年均相对湿度4种气象因子,及小麦、玉米和水稻3种典型粮食作物单产的变化趋势及其相关性特征。结果显示,1960年以来河南省年均气温平均每10年升高0.20℃,豫西和豫中地区年均气温升高幅度略小于其他地区,豫东地区年均气温升高幅度最高。年降雨量整体随时间变化趋势不明显,但年际间变化幅度较大,以豫南地区变幅最高。年日照时数随时间显著下降,平均每10年减少122.8h。除豫西地区外,其他地区年均相对湿度呈下降趋势。全省小麦和水稻单产均随时间呈显著上升趋势,平均每10年分别增加1 158kg/hm2和1 050kg/hm2;而玉米单产随时间上升趋势较平缓,平均每10年增加670kg/hm2。年均气温对3种作物单产影响最大,而年日照时数和年均相对湿度次之,年降雨量因不同区域灌溉条件不同,对作物单产影响较小。总的来说,河南省各区域年均气温明显上升,而年日照时数和年均相对湿度呈下降趋势,年降雨量随时间变化不明显,但年际间浮动较大。小麦和水稻单产呈明显上升趋势,但玉米单产趋于稳定。年均气温和年日照时数对3种作物影响显著,年降雨量和年均相对湿度在豫北、豫中和豫东地区影响较小。 相似文献
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为了区分石家庄地区山区和山前平原气候的异同,促进该区域现代化农业的合理布局和进一步发展,利用石家庄地区3个山区气象站和3个山前平原气象站1964—2012年的逐日气象数据,采用趋势分析、标准差、Mann-Kendall突变检验、皮尔逊系数等统计方法,分析了石家庄山区和山前平原气候的差异。结果表明：石家庄山区与山前平原的年平均气温和各季平均气温都呈升高趋势,山前平原气温的上升趋势和波动性高于山区,随时间序列变化的突变晚于山区,但气温显著升高的时间早于山区;山区的降雨量全部呈减少趋势,山前平原除冬季呈减少趋势外,其余均呈增加趋势,2个区域降雨量的趋势变化都不显著,山区降雨量的波动性高于山前平原;2个区域的日照时数均呈减少趋势,山区日照时数的波动性高于山前平原,随时间序列变化的突变晚于山前平原。该研究可为太行山中段东麓的山区和山前平原的农业生产和生态建设提供气候分析参考。 相似文献
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<正>东台市地处苏北沿海,是小麦赤霉病常发区,2003年、2010年、2012年、2014年该病均为重发,尤其是2012年特大流行,成为近二十年来发病程度最重的年份,小麦产量损失极大。本文就近年来该病在东台的发生及其防控对策进行探讨。一、病害发生概况1.发生频率高小麦赤霉病在江苏淮河以南地区大流行频率不断增加,1971~2014年在东台市中等流行3年、偏重流行4年、大流行9年,中等以上流 相似文献
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高寒地区春油菜生育期对气候变化的响应 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了得到春油菜生育期对当地气候变化的响应特征,利用1991—2017 年高寒地区贵南县气象局观测的春油菜生育期和气象观测资料,采用线性回归方法分析高寒地区春油菜生育期对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明：（1）1991—2017 年间高寒贵南地区春油菜生育期内平均气温、最低平均气温、稳定通过0℃的积温均呈不显著升高趋势。累积降水量和平均风速呈显著升高趋势,而累积日照时数则呈显著减少趋势。（2）高寒地区春油菜出苗期无明显响应外,成熟期、播种期、抽苔期、五真叶和现蕾期等生育期均表现为随年际的延长而显著延迟的响应特征。开花期延迟趋势不显著。（3）高寒地区春油菜全生育期天数增加趋势不显著,全生育期天数年际间变化幅度大。全生育期天数与同期平均气温、平均最高气温和平均最低气温之间存在极显著的负相关关系,与稳定通过0℃的积温、日照时数和累积降水量正相关极显著。 相似文献
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冀南冬小麦冬前热量条件变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近50 a来,冀南冬麦区日平均气温≥0℃终日、冬小麦冬前≥0℃积温和10-12月平均气温年际间波动较大,总体线性增长趋势不明显。但近5 a来,日平均气温≥0℃终日明显推迟,冬小麦冬前≥0℃积温显著增加。小波分析表明：日平均气温≥0℃终日变化存在4-7 a和14-17 a尺度周期变化规律,冬前≥0℃积温存在5-10 a和15-20 a尺度周期变化规律,未来3-5 a日平均气温≥0℃终日将处于偏晚期,冬前≥0℃积温呈增加趋势;10-12月平均气温存在3-5 a、8-10 a和20-25 a三类尺度周期变化规律,未来8-10 a升高趋势比较明显。综合分析表明,未来3-8 a冬小麦冬前热量仍呈增加趋势,但年际间波动明显,冬小麦播种期应根气象部门中长期气候预测年际间适当调整,避免热量资源波动对冬小麦生长发育的影响。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献