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近年来由于种种原因,太湖地区冬油菜田恶性杂草稻槎菜种群数量不断上升,而一般除草剂对稻槎菜效果不太理想,已经影响了油菜的生产。75%二氯吡啶酸可溶性粒剂(clopyralid,龙拳)是陶氏益农公司最新研制开发的油菜田除草剂,对稻槎菜效果较好。为明确75%二氯吡啶酸防治冬油菜田阔叶杂草,特别是恶性杂草稻槎菜的效果,以及对作物的安全性,确定该产品的使用剂量和使用技术,进行了防治冬油菜田杂草的田间药效试验。1材料与方法1.1供试材料供试作物冬油菜品种为苏油1号。油菜田阔叶杂草以稻槎菜(Lapsana apogonoidesMaxim.)为主,其他包括野老鹳(Ger… 相似文献
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近年来由于种种原因，太湖地区冬油菜田恶性杂草稻槎菜种群数量不断上升，而一般除草剂对稻槎菜效果不太理想，已经影响了油菜的生产。75％二氯吡啶酸可溶性粒剂（clopyralid，龙拳）是陶氏益农公司最新研制开发的油菜田除草剂，对稻槎菜效果较好。为明确75％二氯吡啶酸防治冬油菜田阔叶杂草，特别是恶性杂草稻槎菜的效果，以及对作物的安全性，确定该产品的使用剂量和使用技术，进行了防治冬油菜田杂草的田间药效试验。 相似文献
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《农药科学与管理》2015,(2)
为了筛选对恶性杂草苣荬菜防除效果好的除草剂,采用田间小区试验的方法对14种茎叶处理除草剂对苣荬菜的防效进行了比较。结果表明,施药后30d,辛酰溴苯腈25%乳油株数防效最高为90.0%;其次为2,4-滴丁酯72%乳油和二氯吡啶酸30%水剂,株数防效分别为86.7%和84.4%,鲜重防效分别为94.1%的93.4%;氯酯磺草胺84%水分散粒剂和苯唑草酮30%悬浮剂的鲜重防效也良好,分别为92.4%和91.7%。结论显示,辛酰溴苯腈25%乳油、二氯吡啶酸30%水剂、2,4-滴丁酯72%乳油、氯酯磺草胺84%水分散粒剂、苯唑草酮30%悬浮剂对苣荬菜有良好的防控效果。 相似文献
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几种除草剂对恶性杂草野艾蒿的防除效果及对胡麻生长发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用田间试验的方法,测定了几种除草剂单剂和混用配方对胡麻田恶性杂草野艾蒿的防除效果及对胡麻生长发育的影响。结果显示,75%二氯吡啶酸SG+56%2甲4氯钠盐SP、75%二氯吡啶酸SG+90%莠去津WG混配、75%二氯吡啶酸SG单剂对野艾蒿的株防效、地上部鲜重防效、地下部鲜重防效分别达到93.24%～97.46%、94.69%～96.77%和90.13%～96.40%,对靶标杂草野艾蒿防除效果明显且对胡麻无药害,胡麻产量较空白对照分别增加36.59%、4.14%和20.86%。48%灭草松AS虽对野艾蒿的综合防效较低,但其对胡麻无药害且胡麻蒴果数、千粒重较大,胡麻产量较空白对照增长61.27%。90%2甲·草甘膦SP、82%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、70.5%2甲·唑草酮WG、20%敌草快AS 5种除草剂对胡麻安全性低,不宜应用于胡麻田野艾蒿的防治。结合各除草剂处理后胡麻的药害、经济性状、生物产量、籽粒产量以及对野艾蒿的防除效果进行综合分析,胡麻田野艾蒿防除除草剂选择适宜度依次为:75%二氯吡啶酸SG+56%2甲4氯钠盐SP混配75%二氯吡啶酸SG48%灭草松AS75%二氯吡啶酸SG+90%莠去津WG混配。本文为胡麻田恶性杂草野艾蒿的化学防除提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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胺苯.丙酯草醚杀草谱较广,对移栽油菜田中禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草具有较好的防效,药效优于各单剂丙酯草醚和胺苯磺隆,与草除.精喹EC相当;在46.5~55.8 g a.i./hm2剂量下能有效防除禾本科杂草看麦娘、日本看麦娘,及阔叶杂草繁缕、牛繁缕、碎米荠、猪殃殃、野老鹳草,防效达到80%~90%,对稻槎菜防效一般(50%左右),对巢菜、草、棒头草和早熟禾基本无效;速效性一般,持效期在90 d以上;最佳施药时期为杂草1~3叶期的苗后早期;推荐使用剂量为46.5~55.8 g a.i./hm2,剂量在93 g a.i./hm2内对油菜安全。 相似文献
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针对胡麻田恶性杂草刺儿菜,选用75%二氯吡啶酸钾盐SP加以防除,并对其药效及对胡麻的安全性进行了综合评价。结果表明,75%二氯吡啶酸钾盐SP对刺儿菜具有很好的防除效果,它使刺儿菜的根部生长受到抑制,最终导致其腐烂。当药剂有效剂量为236.3、270.0g/hm2时,药后45d株防效可达到96.97%和96.53%,药后60d烂根率可达到94.20%和94.90%。选择在刺儿菜全部出苗后施药可显著提高防除效果。药剂对胡麻营养生长和生殖生长没有明显抑制作用,对胡麻主要经济性状也未产生显著影响。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献