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常规精液与性控精液的超数排卵效果比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用常规精液输精和性控精液输精对580头15～18月龄荷斯坦母牛(其中常规组521头,性控组59头)进行了超排试验。超排后,采用常规精液输精供体母牛521头,共回收卵5311枚,平均每头10.19枚,其中可用胚胎2804枚,平均可用胚胎5.38枚,可用率52.28%,未受精卵697枚,未受精卵率13.12%,退化胚胎1725枚,退化胚率32.48%。采用性控精液输精供体母牛59头,共回收卵600枚,平均每头10.16枚,其中可用胚胎250枚,平均可用胚胎4.24枚,可用率41.67%,未受精卵170枚,未受精卵率28.33%,退化胚胎169枚,退化胚率28.17%。结果表明,性控精液组的未受精率大大高于常规精液组,而可用胚胎数和可用率明显低于常规精液组。其主要原因是性控精子在分离过程中受到不同程度的损伤,使精子的存活时间缩短,从而增加了未受精率和降低了可用胚胎率。 相似文献
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分别采用常规精液和性控精液输精,对580头15～18月龄荷斯坦母牛(其中常规组521头,性控组59头)进行了超排效果试验。超排后,521头采用常规精液输精供体母牛,共回收卵5311枚,头均10.19枚,其中可用胚胎2804枚,平均可用胚胎5.38枚,可用率52.28%,未受精卵697枚,未受精卵率13.12%,退化胚胎1725枚,退化胚率32.48%。59头采用性控精液输精供体母牛,共回收卵600枚,平均每头10.16枚,其中可用胚胎250枚,平均可用胚胎4.24枚,可用率41.67%,未受精卵170枚,未受精卵率28.33%,退化胚胎169枚,退化胚率28.17%。结果表明,性控组的未受精率大大高于常规精液组,而有效胚胎数和比例明显低于常规精液组。其主要原因是性控精子在分离过程中,受到不同程度的损伤,使精子的存活时间缩短,从而增加了未受精率和降低了有效胚胎率。 相似文献
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在供体奶牛超排时,应用X性控冷冻精液进行输精,生产体内性控胚胎.超排处理72头供体母牛(每头输4支精液),获可用胚335枚,平均每头供体牛获可用胚4.65枚.对照组共处理供体牛68头,采用常规冷冻精液输精(每头牛输精2支),获可用胚415枚,头均获可用胚6.1枚. 相似文献
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应用X精子冷冻精液生产体内性控胚胎的试验研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用X精子冷冻精液对75头超排供体母牛进行2～3次（3～4支细管）输精，共采集胚胎633枚，其中可用胚339枚，退化胚135枚，未受精卵159枚。胚胎的受精率为74.9％（474/633），可用率为53.6％（339/633），发育率为71.5％（339/474），头均获得可用胚胎4.5枚。输2次精3支细管，与输3次精4支细管，均可获得同样的胚胎采集效果。应用LAMP法对61枚胚胎进行性别鉴定后，确定雌性胚胎比例为100％（61/61）。11枚X精子冷冻精液生产的体内性控冷冻胚胎移植后，怀孕率为63.6％（7/11）。因此，应用X精子冷冻精液对供体母牛进行输精，不仅可获得与未分离冷冻精液输精后相接近的胚胎的数量和质量，而且移植后可得到较高的怀孕率。应用X精子冷冻精液生产体内性控胚胎，可在我国胚胎移植技术中大量推广应用。 相似文献
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奶牛胚胎性别控制技术的试验研究进展 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
应用LAMP法进行了613枚胚胎的性别鉴定结果，雌性胚胎302枚(49．3％)，雄性胚胎311枚(50．7％)，移植成功率平均为40．9％(122／298)，出生后代中与性别鉴定结果一致的121头，性别鉴定准确率为96．0％(121／126)。应用奶牛性腔胶囊后输精的14头供体母牛，共采集69枚可用胚胎，对其中64枚胚胎进行性别鉴定，确定雌性胚胎的比例为71．9％(46／64)，头均获4．9枚可用胚胎。应用奶牛性控液对3头供体母牛宫注后输精，共采集26枚可用胚胎，经性别鉴定后确定雌性胚胎比例为73．1％(19／26)，头均获可用胚胎8．7枚。应用分离X精子冷冻精液对12头供体母牛进行输精，对采集到的61枚胚胎进行性别鉴定后，确定雌性胚胎比例为100％(61／61)，头均获得可用胚胎5．5枚。11枚性控冷冻胚胎移植后，40d以上未返情率为63．6％(7／11)。用分离的X精子冷冻精液对供体母牛输精后，可获得与未分离冷冻精液输精后相接近的超排供体母牛采集胚胎的数量和质量。 相似文献
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采用电刺激采精方法收集1.5～3周岁的10只陶赛特种公羊精液,19℃水浴保存,经过1h运输后,利用流式细胞仪进行X、Y精子分离.共生产性控冷冻精液182支(X型98支,Y型84支).分离前精液活率为76％,分离后X、Y型冻精活率分别为39％和2％,有效精子数约为230万和10万,4h存活指数分别为10％和1％,畸形率分别为12％和26％.另外,结合腹腔内窥镜输精技术对19只超排母羊开展了输精,在输精后第6天采用子宫角采胚法共回收卵子104枚,其中受精胚胎53枚,受精率51％.结果表明:①分离所得X精子能够满足腹腔内窥镜低剂量输精要求;②Y精子活率检验仅为2％,失去了输精价值;③性控冷冻精液结合腹腔内窥镜输精技术应用于性控胚胎生产具有可行性. 相似文献
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近年来．牛性控精液的商业化进程发展很快。然而，与常规精液比较，性控精液分离技术成本高，操作复杂，且受胎率低。虽然分离精液的公牛头数有限．但是许多国家仍在进行牛性控冷冻精液的商业化生产。目前，性控精液主要应用于青年母牛配种和超数排卵生产性控胚胎，以生产母犊。由于精子分离速度慢，与传统精液比较，性控精液精子数量少．使用性控精液输精常常会导致受胎率略有下降，获得可用胚胎数量减少。为确保使用性控精液成功．必须对牛加强饲养管理。处理精液小心谨慎，而且输精人员技术要熟练。随着成本的降低，性控精液将不断扩大应用于牛、马以及其他物种的繁殖中。 相似文献
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研究应用性控精液对超排育成牛和成母牛输精,生产性控胚胎。结果表明:非性控精液组受精卵数同性控精液组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但可用胚胎比例高于性控精液组(90.17%对89.73%,66.03%对63.57%)。育成牛群组受精卵比例高于成母牛群组(92.74%对84.93%)差异不显著(P>0.05);但可用胚胎比例显著高于成母牛群组(68.77%对55.28%)(P<0.05)。1次输2支性控精液组中,育成牛群组受精卵数、可用胚胎比例都显著高于成母牛群组(90.83%对79.69%,67.89%对53.13%)(P<0.05)。2次人工授精,每次输1支性控精液组中,育成牛群组受精卵及可用胚胎比例都显著高于成母牛群组(93.75%对87.41%,69.23%对56.30%)(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献