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1.
将CpGODN、non CpG ODN分别接种初生仔猪，同时分离仔猪的外周血单核细胞，以CpGODN、non CpG ODN对外周血单核细胞体外培养，分别检测仔猪Th1型细胞因子分泌情况。结果表明，与non CpG ODN和对照组相比，CpG ODN能在体内显著提高仔猪的淋巴细胞白介素-2诱生活性、淋巴细胞增殖、血清中IFN-γ和IL-12水平（P〈0．05），亦能在体外刺激仔猪的外周血单核细胞分泌IFN-γ和IL-12（P〈0．01）。这显示CpG—ODN能显著增强动物的免疫应答能力。  相似文献   

2.
CpG ODN对鸡新城疫LaSota活疫苗的免疫增强效应   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
将3种不同的未甲基化CpGODN分别与新城疫LaSota活疫苗混合后，经滴鼻和点眼免疫鸡，通过检测鸡血清中HI抗体、外周血T淋巴细胞增殖活性、诱导巨噬细胞分泌NO含量，以及刺激外周血淋巴细胞表达IFN-γ、IL-6与IL-1β mRNA量，分析各CpGODN对新城疫LaSota活疫苗免疫效果的影响。结果表明，经2次免疫后，含GTCGTT核心基序的CpG ODN1组，鸡血清平均HI抗体效价最高达8．2log2、淋巴细胞刺激指数达9．836、NO分泌量达35．833μmol／L，分别比疫苗单独免疫组高出2个滴度（P〈0．05）、4．4（P〈0．01）、27．6μmol／L（P〈0．01）；含GACGTT核心基序的CpG ODN2组增强作用不明显．与疫苗单独免疫组无差异；而CpGODN3的免疫刺激活性由于受其侧翼序列的影响，作用明显减弱甚至丧失。对细胞因子的影响，CpGODN3组IFN-γ mRNA表达量稍高于CpG ODN1组，而其余细胞因子均以CpG ODN1组表达水平最高（P〈0．05）。由此证明CpG ODN1能显著增强鸡对新城疫LaSota活疫苗的体液和细胞免疫反应，可以作为高效的免疫增强剂。  相似文献   

3.
应用PRRSV-GP5特异性肽刺激CSF、PRRS免疫猪外周血淋巴细胞,采用EI。IsA方法测定不同时间点淋巴细胞分泌IFN-7及IL-10的水平,分析PRRSv_GP5特异性肽刺激后,淋巴细胞培养上清中细胞因子的变化规律。结果显示,CSFV高抗PRRSV低抗体组于PRRSV免疫14d,肽刺激组中IFN-7水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;其他组均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。PRRSV免疫14d,细胞培养24,72h后加PRRSV—GP5肽刺激,各组中试验组与对照组相比IL-10水平明显降低（P〈0．01）;PRRSV免疫28d,各组中肽刺激组与空白组相比,IL-10水平均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明,PRRSV-GP5肽在PRRSV免疫早期可以促进IFN-7的分泌,并抑制IL-10的产生,但在免疫后期对淋巴细胞分泌的调节作用还需进-步研究。  相似文献   

4.
通过构建的细菌脂多糖（LPS）诱导小鼠巨噬细胞（RAW264．7）的体外炎症模型,研究了不同质量浓度人参皂苷Rhz硫酸化衍生物B2（Rh2-B2）对TNF-a、IL-6、IL-1β和IL-10合成的影响,以及对NF-kB信号通路的影响。结果显示,1mg／L和5mg／L的人参皂苷Rh2-B2能显著抑制RAW264．7合成TNF-a、IL-6和IL-18（P〈0．01）,同时显著促进IL-10的合成（P〈0．01）,并且通过显著抑制IkBa的降解而阻止NF-kB／p65易位入核（P〈0．01）。结果表明,人参皂苷Rh2—B2可能通过阻断NF-kB信号通路,抑制LPS诱导的炎性细胞因子的产生,进而发挥其抗炎作用。  相似文献   

5.
给肺炎模型小鼠腹腔分别注射高剂量（200mg／kg·d）和低剂量（100mg／kg·d）的穿心莲内酯，7d后，测定小鼠肺脏指数、肺组织病理变化和血液中相关免疫细胞数量的变化，探讨穿心莲内酯对呼吸道感染的影响。结果表明，与模型组相比，穿心莲内酯高、低剂量组小鼠肺脏病变评分显著降低（P〈0．01）；穿心莲内酯高剂量组小鼠肺指数显著降低（P〈0．05）；穿心莲内酯高、低剂量组小鼠血液中淋巴细胞数量显著降低（P〈0．05），穿心莲内酯低剂量组小鼠血液中中性粒细胞数量显著升高（P〈0．05）。说明穿心莲内酯能显著降低肺炎小鼠淋巴细胞数量和小鼠肺指数，减缓或消退肺部炎症，对小鼠呼吸道感染有明显保护作用。  相似文献   

6.
通过饲养试验研究日粮VA和油脂对肉鸡β-胡萝卜素-15及15＇-加双氧酶活性的影响。结果表明：无VA组的血清、肝脏VA水平低于对照组（P〈0．01），小肠和肝脏βCDIOX活性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；硬脂酸组、豆油组肝脏VA水平低于对照组（P〈0．01），豆油组的肠黏膜和肝脏βCDIOX活性高于对照组（P〉0．05），硬脂酸组的肠黏膜βCDIOX活性低于对照组，肝脏βCDIOX活性高于对照组，但差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。结果证实：日粮VA水平和油脂组成均不同程度的影响机体β-胡萝卜素-15及15’-加双氧酶活性，进而影响β-胡萝卜素的体内转化。  相似文献   

7.
用不同剂量的柴桂口服液作用于脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)刺激所诱导的小鼠体内炎症模型,探讨柴桂口服液对LPS诱导小鼠炎症细胞因子基因表达和分泌的影响。将70只昆明小鼠随机分为空白对照组、LPS组、地塞米松组和柴桂口服液Ⅰ～Ⅳ组(2.5、5、10、15 g/kg体重)。各给药组小鼠连续用药5 d后,腹腔注射10 mg/kg体重的LPS诱发炎症反应。LPS处理后6 h,所有供试动物采样测定脾脏组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β和NO的含量及基因表达水平。结果显示,LPS组小鼠脾脏组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β和NO含量显著高于空白对照组(P0.05),柴桂口服液各剂量组小鼠脾脏组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β和NO含量较LPS组有不同程度降低(P0.05)。LPS组小鼠脾脏组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β基因表达水平显著高于空白对照组(P0.05),柴桂口服液各剂量组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-1β基因表达水平较LPS组有不同程度降低(P0.05)。结果表明,柴桂口服液可以降低LPS诱导的小鼠体内炎症因子表达及分泌,具有抗炎作用。  相似文献   

8.
将45只体质量（35±1）g的普通ICR小鼠随机分为对照组（基础日粮）、高脂组（高脂日粮）、处理组（添加0．1％芽孢杆菌B10的高脂日粮）。每组3个重复,每个重复5只。结果显示,高脂日粮组小鼠的试验末期体质量和平均日增重高于对照组和处理组。与对照组相比,高脂组小鼠肠黏膜总抗氧化能力显著降低了28．34％（P〈0．01）;肝脏中TrxR、SOD、GSH—Px和CAT活力分别降低了36．42％（P〈0．05）、22．91％（P〈0．05）、37．34％（P〈0．01）和47．47％（P〈0．01）,血清中抗超氧阴离子、GSH含量、GSH—Px活性分别下降8．206％（P〈0．05）、30．73％（P〈0．05）、47．26％（P〈0．01）。与高脂组相比,处理组肝脏的抗氧化能力显著改善,GSH—Px活力提高了141．35％（P〈0．01）,MDA含量降低了26．85％（P〈0．01）。血清中总抗氧化能力、GSH含量、GSH—Px活力分别提高9．46％（P〈0．05）、28．50％（P〈0．05）、39．95％（P〈0．01）。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌B10能够显著提高不同组织中部分抗氧化酶活力,缓解高脂日粮引起的小鼠氧化应激,在肝脏组织中尤为明显。  相似文献   

9.
为研究酪蛋白酶解物对宫内生长迟缓（IUGR）仔猪肠道生长发育的影响，本试验选择15头IUGR新生仔猪，分为新生对照组（N组）、酪蛋白组（C组）和酪蛋白酶解物组（CH组），以牛乳为基础日粮，C和CH组分别加入10％的酪蛋白溶液和10％的酪蛋白酶解物溶液，人工饲喂3d后取样。结果显示，CH组仔猪小肠长度显著高于C组（P〈0．05），CH组空肠后段和回肠前段的绒毛高度／隐窝深度显著高于C组（P〈0．05）；CH组小肠黏膜的蛋白质含量显著高于C组（P〈0．05），同时其DNA含量显著高于C和N组（P〈0．05）；CH组的麦芽糖酶活性和相对活性均显著高于C和N组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），CH组的碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性显著高于C组（P〈0．05）。结果表明，酪蛋白酶解物有促进新生IUGR仔猪肠道组织生长的作用，同时能够刺激IUGR仔猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞的增殖和提高小肠黏膜麦芽糖酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性。  相似文献   

10.
研究了乳源性胰岛素对新生仔猪小肠生长和组织形态学的影响。随机选择5头初生苏太仔猪，生后立即屠宰取样，作为新生对照组（N）。另外，从五窝初生仔猪中选10头仔猪，每窝选2头，分别分到饲喂牛乳组（M）和牛乳加入胰岛素组（Mr）（添加量为2．5mg／L）。M组和MI组仔猪出生后用牛乳人工喂养3天后屠宰取样。结果表明，MI和M组小肠长度分别极显著（P〈0．01）和显著（P〈0．05）高于N组。MI组的非粘膜重有高于M组的趋势（P=0．148）。MI组空肠后段和回肠前段绒毛高度分别极显著（P〈0．01）和显著（P〈0．05）高于M组。MI组各肠段绒毛高度／隐窝深度均高于N组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），其中空肠前段和后段分别显著（P〈0．05）和极显著（P〈0．01）高于M组。结果提示：乳派胜胰岛素能够刺激新生仔猪小肠生长并影响到小肠的组织形态。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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