共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 77 毫秒
1.
应用加性-显性发育遗传模型及条件与非条件的统计分析方法,对6个高品质陆地棉品种（系）及其30个F1组合的伏桃与对位果枝叶的干物质质量进行了研究。非条件方差分析表明,果枝叶质量在棉铃体积增大期主要受加性效应控制,内部充实期主要受显性效应控制;铃壳质量在不同发育时期均以加性效应为主;铃重在前中期主要受显性效应控制,后期以加性效应为主。条件遗传分析表明,影响果枝叶质量的净遗传效应在铃龄38 d至45 d达到高峰;控制铃壳质量的基因表达分别在铃龄17 d至24 d和铃龄38 d至45 d出现两个高峰;影响铃重性状的基因分别在铃龄17 d至24 d和铃龄31 d至38 d出现两个表达活跃的高峰,此后基因的表达量急剧下降。遗传相关分析表明不同发育时期的铃壳质量均与最终铃重成极显著的加性正相关。 相似文献
2.
甜荞极易倒伏, 而株高和茎粗是影响甜荞倒伏的重要性状。以高秆健壮品种酉荞2号和矮秆纤细品种乌克兰大粒荞为亲本配制正、反交组合, P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2群体株高和茎粗的遗传分析表明, 株高和茎粗的最适遗传模型均为2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型。株高正交组合中2对主基因加性效应均为-1.39, 显性效应分别为-6.59和-7.91, B1、B2和F2群体主基因遗传率分别是45.73%、63.49%和81.12%, 多基因遗传率分别是27.41%、0.95%和0; 反交组合中2对主基因加性效应值均为-1.63, 显性效应分别为-7.03和-4.19, B1、B2和F2群体中主基因遗传率是41.51%、66.18%和81.81%, 多基因遗传率分别是11.19%、0和0。茎粗正交组合中2对主基因加性效应均为0.03, 显性效应分别为-0.50和-0.08, B1、B2和F2群体中主基因遗传率分别是37.26%、48.80%和72.10%, 多基因遗传率分别是11.18%、0和0; 反交组合中2对主基因加性效应均为-0.15, 显性效应分别为-0.30和-0.16, B1、B2和F2群体中主基因遗传率是76.22%、47.12%和82.51%, 多基因遗传率分别为0、14.53%和0。可见, 株高的主基因+多基因遗传率在80%以上, 可在低世代进行选择; 茎粗的主基因+多基因遗传率在80%以下, 采取合理的栽培措施可以提高荞麦抗倒伏能力。 相似文献
3.
小麦DH群体穗下节间直径、茎壁厚及茎壁面积的QTL定位 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
由小麦品种花培3号和豫麦57杂交获得168个DH株系,连续两年在山东泰安种植,利用324个SSR标记构建遗传连锁图谱,并基于混合线性模型对控制穗下节间直径、茎壁厚及茎壁面积的QTL遗传效应和环境互作效应进行分析。共检测到10个加性效应位点和6对上位效应位点,其中3个加性位点参与环境互作效应。检测到位于染色体2D、3D和5D(2个)控制穗下节间直径的4个加性QTLs,与控制茎壁厚的3个加性位点相同或相邻,表现出一因多效或紧密连锁效应。两个位于染色体2D和5D控制茎壁厚和茎壁面积QTL有较大遗传贡献率,分别为11.37%和10.98%,适用于分子标记辅助育种和聚合育种。6对上位性效应遗传贡献率较小、无环境互作效应。 相似文献
4.
5.
不同生态条件下栽培方式对水稻干物质生产和产量的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为明确不同生态条件下栽培方式对水稻物质生产及产量的影响, 采用随机区组多点试验设计, 研究了不同秧龄和移栽方式对仁寿、郫县和雅安生态点水稻干物质积累与分配、茎鞘干物质输出与转化、产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明: (1)水稻的干物质积累特性为生态条件、秧龄、移栽方式及其互作效应共同作用的结果。水稻单茎和群体干物重均受三者显著主效作用; 生态条件与秧龄互作效应极显著影响分蘖盛期至抽穗期群体干物重, 而生态条件与移栽方式、秧龄与移栽方式及三者互作则主要影响抽穗后水稻单茎和群体干物重。(2)高产水稻干物质生产特性因生态条件的变化而改变。仁寿的产量主要来自抽穗后光合产物在籽粒中的积累, 与茎鞘物质的输出和转化相关不显著; 在郫县, 茎鞘物质输出和转化对产量贡献大于在仁寿, 产量与孕穗期茎鞘干物质分配比例(r = 0.775*)显著正相关, 与成熟期茎鞘干物质分配比例(r = -0.757*)则呈显著负相关; 在雅安, 抽穗后茎鞘干物质的输出和转化与产量正相关。(3)水稻产量以仁寿最高, 较郫县和雅安高5.52%和17.65%; 秧龄和移栽方式均能影响水稻最终产量, 不同栽培方式间产量差异显著; 仁寿的栽培方式主要通过单位面积有效穗数、结实率和千粒重来影响产量, 在郫县则通过影响单位面积有效穗数和每穗颖花数实现对产量的调控, 雅安的栽培方式主要通过群体颖花量和千粒重调控产量。(4)适宜的栽培方式能有效调控水稻干物质生产, 促进产量的提高。在仁寿和郫县, 50 d秧龄单苗优化定抛有效地协调了不同生育阶段干物质积累量, 促进水稻增产; 在雅安, 50 d秧龄单苗手插具有较高穗前干物质积累量和抽穗后茎鞘干物质输出与转化效率, 增产显著。 相似文献
6.
7.
采用朱军的基因型×环境互作效应的加性-显性-母体效应遗传模型(ADM模型)分析方法,研究了不同环境条件下玉米叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的遗传效应及其与产量的相关性.结果表明:不同环境下玉米叶片SOD活性在不同发育时期遗传主效应占主导地位,主要受控于显性效应. 相似文献
8.
为明确新选育的烤烟胞质雄性不育系农艺性状的遗传效应及杂种优势利用潜力,以3个烤烟胞质雄性不育系和4个推广烤烟品种为材料,配成12个杂种,利用简单加性-显性遗传模型对烤烟株高、有效叶数、叶长、叶宽、叶长宽比、茎围、节距和单叶重农艺性状进行遗传分析。结果表明,8个农艺性状受环境的影响大,遗传率较低;农艺性状主要受显性或加性与环境互作效应控制,株高、叶长、叶宽和叶长宽比的显性效应显著高于加性效应,而有效叶、茎围、节距和单叶重的显性效应和加性效应几乎相当;MsYZ203-6、MsYZ216-1和MsYZ206-9烤烟胞质雄性不育系的重要农艺性状存在较大的显性效应,在配制的组合中有较强的杂种优势表现。 相似文献
9.
短季棉主要农艺性状的遗传分析 总被引：17，自引：11，他引：17
选用5个早熟不早衰的短季棉品种和5 个早衰的短季棉品种进行部分双列杂交。通过对亲本、F1 和F2 代分别于2001 年和 2002 年两年田间试验研究。结果表明:子棉产量、皮棉产量和衣分3个性状以显性效应为主,其次为加性效应,同时还存在极显著的加性上位性与环境的互作效应,单铃重和成铃数以显性效应为主;与早熟有关的诸性状,生育期、始花期、铃期和果枝始节4个性状以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应,霜前花率以显性效应×环境互作效应为主,同时存在显著的加性上位效应,落叶株率以加性与加性互作上位性为主,落叶指数以加性效应为主;与纤维品质有关的诸性状,2.5%跨长、比强度、伸长率3个性状以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应,同时还存在着加性、上位性与环境的互作效应;同时还研究了产量、早熟性和纤维品质各性状之遗传和表型相关关系。 相似文献
10.
棉子品质性状的遗传研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本研究采用6个陆地棉亲本的Griffing双列杂交设计模式Ⅱ对5个棉子品质性状进行了Hayman双列遗传模型分析.结果表明,种子蛋白质和油分百分含量、种子蛋白质和油分指数及仁指都适合“加性—显性”模型.种子蛋白质百分含量和指数以显性效应为主且表现超显性;种子油分百分含量和指数以加性效性应为主且表现部分显性;仁指加性和显性效应都较重要,接近完全显性.在所研究的亲本中,不同性状的显、隐性基因频率,正负效应基因的比例,显、隐性基因的方向及狭义遗传力等都明显不同. 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献