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双季稻冬闲田种植绿肥对土壤理化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《作物研究》2017,(4)
以双季稻冬闲田为对照,研究种植冬季绿肥油菜、紫云英、黑麦草、白三叶和燕麦对双季稻冬闲田土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:双季稻冬闲田种植油菜、紫云英、黑麦草、白三叶和燕麦后显著提高了土壤p H值和有效磷含量,种植黑麦草和燕麦显著提高了土壤有机质含量,降低了土壤矿化氮、全氮和全磷含量,而种植紫云英、白三叶和油菜对土壤有机质无显著影响,但提高了土壤矿化氮、全氮和全磷的含量。冬季种植绿肥有利于双季稻田土壤p H值的改善从而提高了磷的有效性,种植豆科和十字花科绿肥有利于土壤氮、磷养分含量的增加,而种植禾本科绿肥有利于土壤有机质含量的提高。 相似文献
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为提高新疆滴灌条件下的花生产量,研究钾肥适宜施用量,在新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,以花育9610(T1,新疆常播品种)和黑花5号（T2,高产品种）为材料,设置4个钾肥（K2O）梯度,K0,K1,K2和K3分别代表施用量为0、150、225和300 kg/hm2,按苗期15%、花针期40%、结荚期30%、饱果成熟期15%进行追肥。结果表明,花育9610和黑花5号花生的主茎高和侧枝长均随钾肥施用量增加基本呈抛物线形变化,干物质量均以K2水平最大,分别为84.37 g/株、89.37 g/株;与不施钾肥相比,K2处理主茎高、侧枝长分别比K0增加了17.91%和16.56%、7.4%和12.31%,根瘤数均在结荚期最高,分别为42.0个/株和45.3个/株;叶面积指数基本随钾肥施用量增加而增大,在出苗后90 d达到最大值;光合势随钾肥施用量增加也基本呈抛物线形态变化,K2处理出苗后75～90 d分别达到最大值4.38 m2·d和4.51 m2·d。两品种肥料贡献率、农学利用率均以K2处理最大,花育9610分别为26.06%和1.83 kg/kg,黑花5号分别为25.18%和1.67 kg/kg... 相似文献
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苏打盐碱地是我国重要的后备耕地资源,但因其土壤理化性质恶劣,种植作物产量低。改良和合理利用苏打盐碱地对于区域农业发展具有重要意义,但改良周期长、难度大、成本高。本研究通过大田试验,设置5个打孔密度,分析了填充改良物条件下不同打孔密度对土壤团聚体结构、pH值、含盐量以及水稻产量的影响。结果表明,与不打孔对照相比,填充改良物条件下打孔处理增加了耕层土壤水稳定性团聚体的含量,降低了耕层土壤pH值和含盐量,增加了水稻的有效穗数和结实率,从而提高了水稻产量。随着打孔密度的增加,耕层土壤改良效果有不同程度的提高,与不打孔对照相比,当打孔密度达到15孔/m2时,耕层土壤中水稳定性团聚体含量提高26.22% ,土壤pH 值下降4.75%,含盐量降低10.16%,水稻的实际产量增加72.57%。继续增加打孔密度,水稻产量有所下降,但与15孔/m2的打孔密度处理差异不显著。综合生产实际和可操作性,打孔密度为15孔/m2或每1 m2的打孔面积为0.12 m2可作为改良中重度苏打盐碱水田水稻种植的合理打孔方案。结果为苏打盐碱水田改良技术创新提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为明确宽幅条播对燕麦抗倒伏性和产量的调节作用及其适宜种植密度,于2019-2020年,通过裂区试验,设置2种播种方式（宽幅条播和常规条播）和三个种植密度水平［300×10株·hm-2（D1）、450×10株·hm-2（D2）、600×10株·hm-2（D3）］,分析了播种方式与种植密度对燕麦植株抗倒伏性和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,同一种植密度下,宽幅条播的燕麦茎秆机械强度、茎粗、壁厚均显著高于常规条播。在籽粒灌浆期,与常规条播相比,宽幅条播的燕麦基部第二节间机械强度在 D1、D2、D3下分别提高9.3%、11.6%和17.0%,茎粗分别增加7.3%、7.6%和7.3%,株高分别降低2.3%、1.9%和3.0%,重心高度分别下降 6.5%、7.8%和 6.0%。相比于常规条播,燕麦宽幅条播主要通过增加穗数来增产。在D1、D2、D3下,宽幅条播的两年平均产量较常规条播分别增加了8.6%、9.3%和14.5%。随着种植密度的增加,两种播种方式下燕麦茎秆机械强度、茎粗、壁厚均呈减小趋势,株高、重心高度、节间长均呈增加趋势,但宽幅条播的各指标变化幅度均小于常规条播。因此,生产中采用宽幅条播可显著提高燕麦茎秆抗倒伏能力和籽粒产量,适当增加种植密度,可实现燕麦抗倒性与产量协同提高;本试验条件下,宽幅条播燕麦达到最高产的密度为600×10 株·hm-2。 相似文献
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为探索适应于滴灌燕麦的高效栽培技术,于2019-2020年通过裂区试验,设置20 cm(A,常规等行距种植)、15 cm(B,带状种植)和10 cm(C,带状种植)3种行距作为主区,以及22.5 kg·hm-2(Y)、0 kg·hm-2(N)2个保水剂施用水平作为副区,分析行距和保水剂对滴灌燕麦群体数量、群体质量和产量水平的影响。结果表明,适度缩小行距能够促进燕麦群体结构形成、群体质量提升以及产量的增加,过度缩小行距则会抑制燕麦生长。在不施用保水剂条件下,AN和BN处理间燕麦群体结构、群体质量及产量基本上差异不显著;施用保水剂后差异显著,与AY处理相比,BY处理分蘖期总茎数、分蘖数、分蘖成穗率、株高、叶面积指数、抗倒伏指数和籽粒产量2年平均分别提高1.93%、4.48%、4.40%、3.37%、9.43%、6.87%和16.65%。同种行距下,保水剂的施用能不同程度促进燕麦群体结构形成、群体质量提升以及产量的增加,整体以行距为15 cm的带状种植表现更优;与BN处理相比,BY处理的基本苗数、分蘖盛期总茎数、总分蘖数、分蘖成穗率、株高、叶面积指... 相似文献
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保水剂和施肥量对沙地燕麦生产的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为给保水剂在沙地燕麦生产中的应用提供依据,在吉林白城雨养贫瘠沙地条件下,采用完全随机设计,研究了不同施肥水平下保水剂对燕麦秸秆和籽粒产量、品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,在4个复合肥（NP2O5 K2O:151515）施用量（375、300、225和150 kg·hm-2）下,与对照相比,施用保水剂（60 kg·hm-2）使燕麦平均秸秆产量、籽粒产量、地上部和地下部生物量分别增加38.58%、22.60%、32.02%和24.59%,差异均显著（P<0.05）;叶、茎、籽粒平均粗蛋白含量分别增加0.65、4.09和2.58个百分点,相对饲用价值分别增加13.28、7.6和18.57个百分点;相对增加了耕层土壤养分（全N、速效P、速效K）含量,对0~10 cm土层影响显著。肥料施用量显著影响燕麦秸秆产量、籽粒产量、地上和地下部生物量、植株粗蛋白含量和0~30 cm土层养分含量。施用保水剂可显著提高籽粒产量平均肥料利用效率29.6%。60 kg·hm-2保水剂和375 kg·hm-2肥料施用量组合下燕麦产量最高,品质最优。 相似文献
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光合作用是作物物质和产量形成的基础。为了明确叶面喷施不同浓度的黄腐酸钾对玉米幼苗光合特性的影响,设置了浓度分别为500 mg/L(H500)、250 mg/L(H250)、100 mg/L(H100)、50 mg/L(H50)、0 mg/L(CK)的黄腐酸钾溶液5种处理。结果表明,H100处理明显提升了玉米幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(T)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci),相比于CK,分别提升了37.74%、81.04%、93.41%、61.98%。与CK相比,H100显著降低了叶片的水分利用效率(WUE),增加了蒸腾比率(Tr),但是与H50和H250相比,三者之间差异无统计学意义。此外,H100显著降低了气孔限制值(Ls),相较于CK处理,降低了19.08百分点。尽管H50、H100和H250 3个处理均稍提升叶绿素SPAD值,但与CK相比,差异无统计学意义。综上所述,H100处理有利于降低Ls,明显提升了玉米... 相似文献
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不同温度贮藏西番莲品质变化规律研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用PO保鲜袋包装,在8℃及25℃贮藏温度下,研究西番莲呼吸速率、可溶性固形物、p H值、Vc、失重率、皱缩度、可溶性蛋白、多酚等生理特性和营养品质的变化规律。结果表明:与25℃贮藏相比,8℃贮藏下西番莲呼吸速率、皱缩指数和失重率分别仅为前者的1/10、1/3和1/10,p H值较前者低0.2左右;可溶性固形物、Vc和可溶性性蛋白的含量分别比前者高15.8%、31%和80.5%,多酚含量为前者的2倍左右。因此,低温PO保鲜袋包装能较好地维持贮藏期间西番莲的品质,是一种较好的西番莲保鲜方法。 相似文献
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不同药剂拌种对花生地下害虫的防治试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用药剂拌种,筛选防治花生地下害虫的药剂。结果表明,在花生果实膨大期,三种药剂各处理对花生田地下害虫的防治效果达60％以上,20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC450g/hm2、22％吡虫·辛硫磷EC6750g／hm2。的防治效果达70％以上,但各处理差异不显著;花生果实收获期,20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC450g/hm2、22％吡虫·辛硫磷EC6750g/hm2、地鹰20kg种子／100g的防治效果达60％以上。表明20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、22％毗虫·辛硫磷EC、地鹰在花生播种时拌种可用来防治地下害虫。 相似文献
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施用新型土壤调理剂改善烟草产量品质及土壤理化性质 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了考察新型土壤调理剂施用对植烟酸性障碍土壤的调理效果,在田间条件下以不施用调理剂以及传统调理剂为对照,研究了不同用量的新型土壤调理剂对烟草产量品质以及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：施用调理剂可以显著提高烤烟根层土壤pH（P<0.05）,比不施调理剂的处理提高0.7~1.3,土壤pH和烤烟的产量以及上等烟比例呈极显著正相关关系。和传统调理剂（白云石粉）相比,新型土壤调理剂在1100（三分之二用量）和1500（等量）kg/hm 2用量下,上等烟叶比例比传统调理措施分别提高了6.5和6.9个百分点,烟叶产量分别增加4.8%和5.1%,烟叶产值分别提高4830.0、3989.3元/hm 2。同时,1100、1500 kg/hm 2这2个用量下烟草无论在农艺性状、烟叶产量、上等烟比例和烟叶产值上均无差异,因此从节约成本的角度出发,1100 kg/hm 2为最佳的调理剂施用量。 相似文献
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Effects of Soil Salinity and Alkalinity on Grain Quality of Tolerant,Semi-Tolerant and Sensitive Rice Genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil salinity and alkalinity adversely affects the productivity and grain quality of rice.The grain quality of 19 rice genotypes characterized as salt tolerant (T),semi-tolerant (ST) and sensitive (S) was assessed in lysimeters containing saline and highly alkaline soils.Head rice recovery was reduced by salinity stress whereas it was not affected by alkalinity stress.The ratio of length to width (grain dimensions) was significantly reduced in the T genotype even at low electrical conductivity (EC,4 mS/cm) and alkalinity (pH 9.5),whereas in the ST genotype,it was significantly reduced at high salinity (EC 8 mS/cm).There was no significant effect of any levels of salinity or alkalinity on grain dimensions in the S genotype.Amylose content was significantly reduced in T and ST groups even at low EC (4 mS/cm) and alkalinity (pH 9.5) and the effect in the S genotype was only at high salinity.Starch content showed significant reduction at high salinity and alkalinity (EC 8 mS/cm and pH 9.8) in the T and ST genotypes and no significant effect was observed in the S genotype.The effect of both levels of salinity (EC 4 and 8 mS/cm) and high alkalinity (pH 9.8) on gel consistency was observed only in the S genotype.The tolerant genotypes IR36 under high salinity,and CSR10 and CSR11 under alkali stress showed less reduction in amylose content.The T genotype BR4-10,and ST genotypes CSR30,CSR29 and CSR13 showed better gel consistency under saline and alkali stress.Amylose content was affected even at low salinity stress and thus important to be considered in breeding rice for salt tolerance.Overall,the grain quality of T and ST genotypes was less affected by saline and alkali stress compared to S ones. 相似文献
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Effects of irrigation, nitrogen and gypsum on yield, nitrogen accumulation and water use by wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Responses of wheat grown on a heavy clay soil in the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation Region of south-eastern Australia to a factorial combination of three irrigation treatments and nitrogen and gypsum application were investigated.Irrigation treatments included a rainfed control (treatment RF) and irrigation on either a weekly (treatment Iw) or fortnightly (treatmnt IF) basis beginning in spring and maintained until physiological maturity. Nitrogen was applied at 0 and 150 kg N ha−1 (treatments N0 and N150, respectively) and gypsum at 0 and 5 t ha−1. Nitrogen and gypsum treatments were applied at sowing.
Yield increased from a mean of 4 t ha−1 treatment RF to 6.6 t ha−1 in treatments IF and IW, largely because of promotive effects of irrigation on kernel weight (increase from 31 mg to 42 mg kernel−1 and kernel spikelet−1 (1.4 as compared with 1.7). Seasonal conditions and the relative fertility of the site were sufficient to maximise spike number and spikelet spike−1. Nitrogen increased kernel spikelet−1 but effects on yield were not significant because of a decrease in kernel weight. Effects of gypsum on yield were not significant.
Water-use efficiency of both rainfed and irrigated treatments was ca. 1.25 g grain kg−1 H2O. However, transpirational water-use efficiency, calculated after allowing 110 mm water for soil evaporation, fell from 2 g kg−1 in treatment RF to 1.7 and 1.5 g kg−1 in treatments IF and IW, respectively. The decrease was ascribed, in part, to lodging and soil evaporative losses may have been in excess of 110 mm with more frequent irrigation. Effects of N on water use could not be distinguished, again because of the initial fertility of the site, which supported rapid growth and resulted in complete canopy closure.
Nitrogen and irrigation treatments had independent effects on the concentration of N in the grain (%NG) which increased by a mean of 0.6% with N treatment despite a decrease in N harvest index (HIN) from 0.77 to .70. Irrigation decreased %NG by approximately 0.5%. Approximately 90 kg pN ha−1 was found in the grain of treatments RFN0, IWN0, IwN0 and RFN150 and differences in %NG in these treatments attributed to a ‘dilution’ effect mediated by the increase in yield effected by irrigation. The grain accounted for approximately 115 kg N ha−1 in treatments IFN150 and IWN150, countering the inverse relationship between %Ng and yield despite the increase in HIN index caused by N application. 相似文献
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The prolonged irrigation with marginal quality water can cause secondary salinization of soils, which necessitates for better understanding of water management alternatives. Relative performance of sulfuric acid and gypsum is still controversial to counter sodium hazards in soil/water system. As an alternative, sulfurous acid generators (SAG) are also being marketed. But up-till-now, there is not even a single field study published in scientific journals about their efficiency and economical viability for the treatment of saline-sodic water. Therefore, a field study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of SAG and alternate amendments applied on an equivalent basis to grow rice crop. SAG treatment of saline-sodic tube well water decreased only residual sodium carbonate (RSC) from 5.4 to 3.6 mmolc l−1, and had no beneficial effect on its sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) or electrical conductivity (EC). All the treatments kept soil EC and SAR around their respective threshold levels. For paddy yield, SAG, sulfuric acid, and gypsum treatments depicted nonsignificant differences. SAG and sulfuric acid treatments of water were about six times expensive than that of gypsum. It was concluded that soil-applied gypsum, to counter sodic hazards of irrigation water, is economical to sustain irrigated rice in dry regions. 相似文献
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茶园滴灌施肥的增产提质及土壤养分效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以常规施肥作为对照,设计3个不同氮素用量(450、300、150 kg/hm2),研究了茶园滴灌施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤养分性状的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥处理比对照增产3.4%～9.3%,施氮量与产量间呈明显正相关,以年施氮量300～450 kg/hm2产量较高,滴灌施肥对茶叶品质影响不显著。滴灌施肥处理成熟叶含氮量显著高于对照,且季节性差异明显,秋茶﹥夏茶﹥春茶,滴灌施肥可促进茶树对氮素的吸收利用。施肥方式对土壤pH值影响显著,滴灌施肥处理土壤pH值明显高于对照,可能因其氮素利用率较高而有助于减弱无机氮对土壤的酸化作用。 相似文献
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对300 g/L苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑EC防治水稻纹枯病进行田间药效试验,结果表明,300 g/L苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑EC有效成分90 g/hm2、112.5 g/hm2对水稻纹枯病的防治效果分别为85.48%、93.54%,比10%苯醚甲环唑EC 22.5 g/hm2处理分别提高8.15、16.21个百分点;比25%丙环唑EC 112.5 g/hm2处理分别提高15.66,23.72个百分点;比300 g/L苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑EC67.5 g/hm2处理分别提高19.29、27.35个百分点。300 g/L苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑EC防治水稻纹枯病的有效成分为90.0～112.5 g/hm2。 相似文献