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本研究选取2周龄SPF鸭(绍兴麻鸭)自天然孔感染1株野鸭源H6N2亚型LPAIV,评价其对幼龄鸭的致病性。结果显示,试验感染鸭临床症状较轻微,病毒在鸭消化道复制能力较呼吸道内更强,且具有水平传播的能力。仅能在盲肠扁桃体和法氏囊2个组织器官中检测到病毒,但可对法氏囊等多个组织器官造成不同程度的损伤。此外感染鸭可产生HI抗体,并在第21天达到高峰。结果表明,该株H6N2亚型LPAIV对幼龄鸭的致病力较低,在AIV病毒传播中幼龄鸭起到了一定作用,为研究H6N2亚型LPAIV的致病机制及AIV发病机理提供了理论数据。 相似文献
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H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白S145N变异株致病性及抗原特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定近年来H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV) HA蛋白S145N点突变对病毒毒力变化和抗原性变异的影响,笔者对从全国不同地区分离的12株H9N2亚型AIV HA蛋白S145N变异株和HP疫苗参考株进行了半数鸡胚感染量(EID50)、半数鸡胚致死量(ELD50)、平均鸡胚致死时间(MDT)、雏鸡脑内致病指数(ICPI)、鸡静脉致病指数(IVPI)和8周龄SPF鸡感染排毒试验,并与抗H9N2亚型AIV HP参考株HA蛋白单抗2A4和F6的血凝抑制(HI)和中和反应特性进行测定.结果发现,H9N2亚型AIV HA蛋白S145N变异株毒力偏强,能引起部分SPF鸡发病和死亡,感染8周龄SPF鸡排毒时间更早,排毒期更长.单抗2A4和F6不能抑制H9N2亚型AIV HA蛋白S145N变异株的血凝特性,也不能中和病毒感染CEF细胞.研究结果表明,H9N2亚型AIV呈现变异趋势,有毒力增强和抗原性变异毒株出现.S145为H9N2亚型AIV HA蛋白的1个抗原位点,是血凝抑制抗体结合的位点,但有该位点漂变导致抗原变异毒株出现,并可逃避免疫作用.这提示该病的防控面临着新的挑战. 相似文献
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为进一步了解2014年分离自我国南方野鸟粪便中的一株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)Wide Bird/Hu N/SC1400/2014(H9N2)(WB/400/14)的生物学特性,本研究对其进行全基因组序列测定、进化分析及SPF鸡、SPF鸭和BALB/c小鼠的感染性试验。序列分析显示:该分离株的HA裂解位点基序为333PAASDR↓GL340,其中不存在多个连续的碱性氨基酸,符合低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAIV)氨基酸序列特征。该分离株不同基因片段来源较复杂,分别与H9、H6、H4、H1、H11、H10、H3等多种亚型的LPAIV同源性较高,呈现明显的多样性。感染性试验显示,WB/400/14不能够在SPF鸡和小鼠体内有效复制,但病毒感染SPF鸭后能够在部分脏器中检测到病毒的存在,并且感染鸭能通够过咽喉和泄殖腔同时向外排毒,而同居感染鸭仅通过泄殖腔向外排毒,表明分离株在SPF鸭群中具有良好的水平传播能力。本研究为AIV的监测和防控提供实验依据。 相似文献
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为评估H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)在实验室环境下对鸭的致病力,本研究以无特殊病原(SPF)鸭为模型,对我国近年分离的7株病毒进行了致病力分析。结果发现其中4株病毒对鸭致死率为100%,2株病毒对鸭的致死率分别为60%和80%,另外1株病毒,A/goose/Hubei/51/05(GS/HB/51/05),对鸭无致病力。本研究还发现,与高致病力毒株一样,GS/HB/51/05也可在鸭体内呈全身性复制,并且可通过喉头和泻殖腔向外排泄。我们推测GS/HB/51/05可能是中国南方出现的其他对鸭呈高致病力的H5N1病毒的祖先,对这些病毒的系统研究,可揭示H5N1亚型AIV对鸭的致病力遗传机制。 相似文献
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H9N2亚型禽流感病毒（Avian influenza virus,AIV）属于低致病性AIV,但因其分布广泛、传播迅速,可引起感染家禽生产性能下降,给家禽业带来了极大的经济损失。H9N2亚型AIV在感染家禽过程中可引起严重的免疫抑制,使家禽极易继发上呼吸道细菌、消化道细菌等感染,从而导致H9N2亚型AIV致病力增强,细菌黏附定植能力增强,家禽死亡率显著升高。另外,H9N2亚型AIV还能与禽传染性支气管炎病毒、禽传染性法氏囊病病毒、新城疫病毒等发生混合感染,病毒入侵时有可能出现协同作用或颉颃作用,从而相互促进或抑制病毒的复制和排毒;H9N2亚型AIV还极易发生突变或与其他亚型流感病毒在混合感染时发生基因重组产生感染人的新亚型毒株,给人类健康和公共卫生安全带来重大威胁。作者综述了H9N2亚型AIV与其他病原混合感染的研究进展,通过阐述H9N2亚型AIV与细菌或病毒混合感染的协同或颉颃作用,以期为临床上H9N2亚型AIV混合感染的防治提供参考。 相似文献
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为研究H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)对哺乳动物的致病力,本研究选取了2009年～2010年从我国南方地区分离到的6株H9N2 AIV,测定分析了其基因组序列及在小鼠体内的复制能力。HA基因分析显示:6株病毒均属于A/CK/BJ/94谱系,HA均含有人样受体结合位点Leu226。PB2基因分析表明,6株H9N2 AIV分离株均具有AIV低致病力的分子特征(Glu627和Asp701)。对BALB/c小鼠感染试验显示:感染组无任何临床症状及增重;病毒仅局限于小鼠呼吸道复制。本研究结果有助于全面了解近年我国H9N2 AIV分子进化情况,并对评估H9N2AIV对哺乳动物的潜在威胁提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解H11N3亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的生物学特性，本研究对2020年在福州市某活禽市场鸭中分离的一株H11N3亚型AIV进行了全基因组测序、遗传进化分析和对BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验。测序结果显示，分离株HA裂解位点为PAIASR↓GLF，符合低致病性AIV分子特征；HA蛋白226L和228S突变显示病毒具有结合人源受体(SAα-2,6 Gal)的特征性氨基酸。PB1、PA、NP和M1蛋白均出现对哺乳动物致病性增强的特征性氨基酸。遗传进化分析显示，H11N3 AIV的8个基因节段均属于欧亚分支，其HA基因与A/duck/Fujian/SD061/2017 (H11N3)株HA基因序列相似性最高，而NA基因与A/EN/Fujian/02754/2016 (H3N3)株NA基因序列相似性最高。该病毒内部基因分别与浙江、福建和云南等地鸭和鸡体内分离的H7N9、H7N7、H1N2、H7N2、H7N7和H9N6等亚型AIV相关基因高度同源。小鼠致病性试验结果显示，该病毒未经适应即可在小鼠鼻甲和肺脏中高效复制，表明该病毒株具备感染哺乳动物的能力。上... 相似文献
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为了解低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAIVs)在广西地区家禽中的流行情况,对广西地区活禽市场的家禽进行LPAIVs流行病学监测,分离鉴定出7株H6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)。通过在广西地区活禽市场采集家禽咽喉和泄殖腔棉拭子样品,将其接种SPF鸡胚,收集尿囊液进行HA和HI试验,结果显示这7株只与H6亚型AIV的阳性血清发生反应,产生血凝抑制现象,初步鉴定为H6亚型AIV。通过HA和NA基因的克隆与测序鉴定,进一步确定为H6亚型AIV,与NA基因存在5种组合,包括H6N1、H6N2、H6N5、H6N6和H6N8。鸡致病性试验表明分离株可感染但不致死SPF鸡,并通过咽喉和泄殖腔排毒,结合HA裂解位点附近的氨基酸序列,表明所分离到的7株H6亚型AIV符合LPAIV的特征。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2020,(3)
2018年对宁夏回族自治区沙湖自然保护区进行禽流感病毒(AIV)流行病学调查中,本研究室分离到一株H13N8亚型AIV。为了解这株H13N8亚型AIV生物学特性,本研究对其全基因组进行了测序及遗传演化分析。结果显示,该病毒HA和NA基因分别来自H13N6和H3N8亚型AIV,内部基因来源于H13N8、H6N2、H13N6、H13N2亚型AIV,是一株多亚型重组AIV,其HA蛋白碱性裂解位点氨基酸序列为ISNR↓GLF,为低致病AIV分子标志。关键氨基酸位点分析显示,其M1蛋白具有N30D和T215A的突变,NS1蛋白具有P42S、L98F和I101M的突变,表明其具有增强对哺乳动物致病性的潜在能力。SPF鸡的感染性试验显示,鸡感染该病毒后不能通过喉头或泄殖腔排毒,在感染鸡各脏器均不能有效复制,其感染鸡的潜在风险较小。本研究对禽流感的综合防控具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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禽流感(Avian Influenza.AI)是由A型流感病毒(Avian Influenza Virus.AIV)引起的一种高度接触性传染病.鸡、火鸡、鸭等家禽及野鸟均可感染.由于AIV负链、分节段的RNA病毒性质,病毒很容易发生变异并不断的突破其感染宿主的种属障碍,引起新的流感流行.AIV据其致病性可分为高致病性AIV(Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus,HPAIV)和低致病性AIV(Low Pathogenic Avian In-fluenza virus,LPAIV),感染家禽的HPAIV和LPAIV分别以H5和H9亚型为主. 相似文献
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为了解 H6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)在贵州地区的流行情况,本研究对2014年从贵州省三穗鸭体内分离鉴定出的1株H6N6亚型AIV (A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014) HA和NA基因进行了克隆和序列分析。结果显示,A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014的HA基因与华东地区2009年鸭源H6N6亚型AIV同源性最高,达97.5%,HA蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸序列为P-Q-I-E-T-R-G,符合低致病性AIV的分子特征;而NA基因则与福建2007年鸭源H6N6亚型AIV同源性最高,达98.2%;由遗传进化树分析结果可知,HA和NA基因在遗传进化关系上,与湖南毒株位于同一分支,而与2007年贵州分离的3株H6N6亚型AIV不处于同一分支,说明A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014与本地区的H6N6亚型AIV亲缘关系较远。本研究结果表明当前贵州地区H6N6亚型AIV存在明显的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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CHEN Jia-qi JI Xin-qin DUAN Zhi-qiang WEN Ming RUAN Yong LEI Yun HOU Ping 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(2):296-303
To investigate the epidemic situation of H6N6 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) in Guizhou province,A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 was isolated from Sansui duck in live poultry market of Guizhou in 2014,the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of DK/GZ/14 were subjected to clone and sequence analysis.The results showed that HA gene had the highest nucleotide homologies (97.5%) with the duck-origin H6N6 subtype AIV isolated from Eastern China in 2009,and the strains of HA gene proteolytic cleavage sites was P-Q-I-E-T-R-G,which accordeol with the molecular characteristic of low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV).However,NA gene of A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 had the highest nucleotide homologies (98.2%) with the duck-origin H6N6 subtype AIV isolated from Fujian in 2007.The phylogenetic tree showed that A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 and Hunan strains located in the same branch,while three duck-origin H6N6 subtype AIV isolated from Guizhou in 2007 and A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 located in the different branch for HA and NA genes in genetic evolution,which suggested that A/duck/Guizhou/013/2014 was far with the local H6N6 subtype.The results also clearly indicated that duck-origin H6N6 subtype AIV had genetic diversity in duck population in Guizhou. 相似文献
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Kosuke SODA Maya YAMANE Chiharu HIDAKA Kozue MIURA Trang T. H. UNG Hang L. K. NGUYEN Hiroshi ITO Mai Q. LE Toshihiro ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1899
Low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs and HPAIVs, respectively) have been co-circulating in poultry populations in Asian, Middle Eastern, and African countries. In our avian-flu surveillance in Vietnamese domestic ducks, viral genes of LPAIV and HPAIV have been frequently detected in the same individual. To assess the influence of LPAIV on the pathogenicity of H5 HPAIV in domestic ducks, an experimental co-infection study was performed. One-week-old domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally and orally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) or 106 EID50 of LPAIVs (A/duck/Vietnam/LBM678/2014 (H6N6) or A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM694/2014 (H9N2)). Seven days later, these ducks were inoculated with HPAIV (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM808/2015 (H5N6)) in the same manner. The respective survival rates were 100% and 50% in ducks pre-infected with LBM694 or LBM678 strains and both higher than the survival of the control group (25%). The virus titers in oral/cloacal swabs of each LPAIV pre-inoculation group were significantly lower at 3–5 days post-HPAIV inoculation. Notably, almost no virus was detected in swabs from surviving individuals of the LBM678 pre-inoculation group. Antigenic cross-reactivity among the viruses was not observed in the neutralization test. These results suggest that pre-infection with LPAIV attenuates the pathogenicity of HPAIV in domestic ducks, which might be explained by innate and/or cell-mediated immunity induced by the initial infection with LPAIV. 相似文献
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Bertran K Pérez-Ramírez E Busquets N Dolz R Ramis A Darji A Abad FX Valle R Chaves A Vergara-Alert J Barral M Höfle U Majó N 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):24
ABSTRACT: An experimental infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) was carried out in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) in order to study clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, and viral distribution in tissues and viral shedding. Birds were infected with a HPAIV subtype H7N1 (A/Chicken/Italy/5093/1999) and a LPAIV subtype H7N9 (A/Anas crecca/Spain/1460/2008). Uninoculated birds were included as contacts in both groups. In HPAIV infected birds, the first clinical signs were observed at 3 dpi, and mortality started at 4 dpi, reaching 100% at 8 dpi. The presence of viral antigen in tissues and viral shedding were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRRT-PCR), respectively, in all birds infected with HPAIV. However, neither clinical signs nor histopathological findings were observed in LPAIV infected partridges. In addition, only short-term viral shedding together with seroconversion was detected in some LPAIV inoculated animals. The present study demonstrates that the red-legged partridge is highly susceptible to the H7N1 HPAIV strain, causing severe disease, mortality and abundant viral shedding and thus contributing to the spread of a potential local outbreak of this virus. In contrast, our results concerning H7N9 LPAIV suggest that the red-legged partridge is not a reservoir species for this virus. 相似文献
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为了解广西边境地区低致病性禽流感病毒（low pathogenic Avian influenza virus，LPAIV）的流行情况，本研究对2013-2019年在广西边境地区的规模养殖场和活禽市场采集的33 964份家禽棉拭子样品，采用鸡胚接种方法进行病毒分离，并结合血凝抑制试验和RT-PCR等方法鉴定禽流感病毒的亚型。结果显示，共有3 892份样品分离到LPAIV，2013-2019年的样品病毒分离率分别为17.39%、11.23%、13.59%、9.31%、9.09%、9.12%和15.21%，总分离率为11.46%，其中2013年样品的病毒分离率最高。分离到的LPAIV包括H1、H3、H4、H6、H9、H10和H11 7种亚型，样品病毒分离率分别为0.14%、4.37%、0.19%、4.06%、2.69%、0.01%和0.003%。其中活禽市场分离到H1、H3、H4、H6、H9、H10和H11 7种亚型流感病毒，样品病毒分离率分别为0.19%、5.53%、0.21%、5.29%、3.41%、0.01%和0.004%，总分离率为14.64%；而养殖场分离到H3、H4、H6和H9 4种亚型流感病毒，样品病毒分离率分别为1.26%、0.12%、0.79%和0.78%，总分离率为2.95%，养殖场的分离率远低于活禽市场（14.64%）。鸡源样品的病毒分离率为5.77%，水禽样品的病毒分离率为15.10%，环境样品的病毒分离率为21.67%，水禽和环境样品的病毒分离率远高于鸡。结果表明，当前广西边境地区家禽携带多种亚型LPAIV，水禽是高风险禽群，应进一步加强监测和防控；活禽市场污染严重，应进一步加强对活禽市场的监管力度，建立和实施更加科学有效的活禽市场运营机制。 相似文献
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Sá e Silva M Mathieu-Benson C Kwon YK Pantin-Jackwood M Swayne DE 《Avian diseases》2011,55(3):459-461
Two different wild duck species common in Chile and neighboring countries, Chiloe wigeon (Anas sibilatrix) and cinnamon teal (Anas cyanoptera), were intranasally inoculated with 10(6) mean embryo infective dose (EID50) of the H7N3 low pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) (A/chicken/Chile/176822/02) or high pathogenicity (HP) AIV (A/chicken/Chile/ 184240-1/02), in order to study the infectivity and pathobiology of these viruses. None of the virus-inoculated ducks had clinical signs or died, but most seroconverted by 14 days postinoculation (DPI), indicating a productive virus infection. Both LPAIV and HPAIV were isolated from oral swabs from two of six Chiloe wigeons and from oral and/or cloacal swabs from all five of the cinnamon teal at 2 DPI. Both LPAIV and HPAIV were efficiently transmitted to cinnamon teal contacts but not to Chiloe wigeon contacts. This study demonstrates that the cinnamon teal and Chiloe wigeons were susceptible to infection with both Chilean H7N3 LPAIV and HPAIV, but only the cinnamon teal showed contact transmission of the virus between birds, suggesting that the cinnamon teal has the potential to be a reservoir for these viruses, especially the LPAIV, as was demonstrated in 2001 with isolation of a genetically related H7N3 LPAIV strain in a cinnamon teal in Bolivia. However, the definitive source of the H7N3 Chilean LPAIV still remains unknown. 相似文献
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本研究以豚鼠作为哺乳动物模型,评价了6株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的复制和水平传播能力。经滴鼻接种后,检测到6株病毒中有5株病毒在豚鼠上呼吸道和下呼吸道复制,病毒滴度为0.8LogEID50/mL～3.5LogEID50/mL(或g),豚鼠在感染后第2d至第10d可排出病毒。另外一株病毒A/duck/GX/22/02则仅能在豚鼠的下呼吸道低水平复制。在传播实验中,6株病毒中只有A/duck/GX/35/01能够在豚鼠间水平传播。上述研究结果表明,豚鼠适用于作为高致病性AIV哺乳动物水平传播的模型,而且H5N1亚型AIV在哺乳动物间的水平传播能力不同。本研究为进一步研究AIV在哺乳动物间水平传播的分子机制奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献