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DNA疫苗是一种新型疫苗，它能够诱发体液和细胞介导的免疫应答。本文对DNA疫苗的结构组成、免疫机制、安全性及在水产养殖中应用进行了详细的综合述，并提出了今后在DNA疫苗推广应用方面需要注意的问题和亟待改进的方面。 相似文献
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质粒载体自被发现在活体组织中可以表达以来,DNA疫苗以其优于常规疫苗的特点而被人们所认识和接受,并进行了大量的试验研究,现已成为疫苗领域中的一种新的元素.本文对DNA疫苗的优缺点、免疫机制以及影响其免疫效果的各因素进行了分析,并简单介绍了DNA疫苗在动物医学中的应用. 相似文献
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DNA疫苗以其独特优点而倍受青睐，但免疫效力较低制约着其广泛应用。本文从佐刺的使用、优化表达载体．优化抗原基因等方面综述了提高DNA疫苗免疫效力的策略，并对DNA疫苗前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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核酸疫苗的免疫效果与安全性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
核酸疫苗是通过基因重组手段将编码某种抗原蛋白质的基因与载体重组后直接导入动物体内,在宿主体内表达抗原从而引起机体免疫应答的新型疫苗,是一种与传统疫苗截然不同的新型疫苗,被誉为第三代疫苗。核酸疫苗可诱导细胞免疫并可抵抗母源抗体干扰,它的诞生给基因治疗和免疫学领域带来了不可估量的前景。核酸疫苗目的基因、质粒载体的选择,接种剂量以及应用的佐剂等因素直接影响到核酸疫苗的免疫效果。DNA疫苗自诞生以来,其安全性一直是人们关心的问题,也是DNA疫苗得以日后应用于临床的关键。 相似文献
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增强DNA疫苗免疫效果的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
随着DNA重组技术的发展和应用,DNA疫苗、病毒和细菌活载体疫苗等基因工程疫苗的研制日益成为医学领域的一大研究热点。DNA疫苗在许多方面优于传统的灭活苗和减毒苗,但其免疫效果的稳定性和确实性方面尚存不足。影响DNA疫苗免疫效果的因素很多,国内外的许多研究者在这方面作了大量有意义的工作。目前,多数研究者主要通过目的基因的选择、促进外源基因在体内表达、改善疫苗导入方式以及辅以免疫刺激序列和免疫佐剂等方面来提高DNA疫苗的免疫效果。如果DNA疫苗在免疫效果方面能得到大幅度的提高,则它进入临床使用大有前途。 相似文献
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DNA疫苗的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
DNA疫苗是在分子生物学技术基础上发展起来的第3代新型疫苗,已体现出其竞争优势和应用潜能。同传统的疫苗相比,DNA疫苗具有免疫效果好、生产成本低、临床应用方便等优点,但同样存在安全性的担忧。文章回顾了DNA疫苗的发展简史,阐述了DNA疫苗的免疫机理,分析了DNA疫苗研究现状,并对DNA疫苗的安全性提出了自己的观点与看法,旨在为DNA疫苗研究提供参考。 相似文献
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基因疫苗亦称DNA疫苗,是将编码某种蛋白质抗原的真核重组表达载体直接注射机体,在宿主细胞中表达外源基因,诱导特异性的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,达到预防和治疗疾病的目的。基因疫苗在病毒感染性疾病中有广阔的应用前景,已成为疫苗研究领域的热点之一。基因疫苗被称为第三次疫苗革命。基因免疫已在畜禽传染病,如病毒性疾病、细菌性疾病、寄生虫免疫、抗肿瘤免疫、预防变态反应中发挥了巨大的作用。 相似文献
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黄芪、岩藻和油菜3种植物提取多糖对新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
180只1日龄北京白鸡,饲养至21日龄随机分组进行新城疫弱毒疫苗的免疫,每组分别添加黄芪、岩藻和油菜3种植物提取多糖成分作为免疫增强剂,添加剂量为10 mg/只,每种成分又分为滴鼻点眼和肌肉注射两种免疫途径.首免和二免后定期采血检测新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价和外周血淋巴细胞体外转化率.结果表明:黄芪和岩藻多糖能显著提高新城疫的血凝抑制抗体水平,三种多糖都能显著提高淋巴细胞体外转化率,这三种植物多糖能增强新城疫弱毒疫苗的免疫效果. 相似文献
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产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛的DNA疫苗研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
肠毒素大肠杆菌是导致婴幼儿及旅游者急性腹泻,仔猪腹泻和水肿的主要病原菌之一。菌毛定居因子是该病原菌主要的致病因素。DNA疫苗既能激发机体的细胞免疫,也能诱导特异性的体液免疫。目前用于预防ETEC腹泻的DNA疫苗的研究已取得一定进展,作者从重组质粒的构建、免疫应答、疫苗的接种系统以及基因佐剂4个方面简单的概述了产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛的DNA疫苗的研究现状。 相似文献
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禽类DNA疫苗研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新型疫苗的研究对于禽类传染病的防制意义重大。传统疫苗是基于抗原刺激机体产生特异性抗体的原理,它们大多数激发机体的体液免疫,很难启动细胞免疫。脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)疫苗作为第3代疫苗,具备传统疫苗和其它基因工程苗不可比拟的优点,能够诱导全方位的免疫反应且使用更安全更方便,DNA疫苗是将外源基因与真核质粒重组后直接导入细胞内,使外源基因在宿主细胞内表达合成保护性抗原蛋白。这是模拟病毒自然感染提呈过程,既能产生细胞免疫,又能产生体液免疫。文章对DNA疫苗在禽类应用的可行性和应用研究新进展作了综述。 相似文献
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《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(3):167-180
Abstract Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is caused by VHS virus (VHSV), which belongs to the rhabdovirus family. Among the different strategies for immunizing fish with a recombinant vaccine, genetic immunization has recently proven to be highly effective. To further investigate the potential for protecting fish against VHS by DNA vaccination, experiments were conducted to determine the amount of plasmid DNA needed for induction of protective immunity. The time to onset of immunity and the duration of protection following administration of a protective vaccine dose were also analyzed. The dose–response analysis revealed that significant protection of rainbow trout fingerlings was obtained following intramuscular injection of only 0.01 μg of plasmid DNA encoding the VHSV glycoprotein gene. In addition, higher doses of DNA induced immunity to a virus isolate serologically different from the isolate used for vaccine development. Following administration of 1 μg of a DNA vaccine, significant protection against VHS was observed in the fish as early as 8 d postvaccination. At 168 d postvaccination, the fish had increased in size by a factor of 10 and protection against a lethal dose of VHSV was still evident. The results confirm the great potential for DNA vaccination in inducing efficient immunoprophylaxis against viral diseases in aquacultured fish. 相似文献
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减毒沙门菌在禽用疫苗应用中的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
减毒沙门菌感染宿主细胞后,可诱导机体产生强烈的体液免疫、细胞免疫和黏膜免疫反应,不仅可以用作疫苗,而且也是理想的疫苗载体.文章对禽用疫苗中的减毒沙门菌活疫苗、减毒沙门菌携带的重组疫苗和DNA疫苗的研究进行了综述,以期为新型禽用疫苗的研究提供参考. 相似文献
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Influenza A viruses of the H3N8 subtype are a major cause of respiratory disease in horses. Subclinical infection with virus shedding can occur in vaccinated horses, particularly where there is a mismatch between the vaccine strains and the virus strains circulating in the field. Such infections contribute to the spread of the disease. Rapid diagnostic techniques are available for detection of virus antigen and can be used as an aid in control programmes. Improvements have been made to methods of standardising inactivated virus vaccines, and a direct relationship between vaccine potency measured by single radial diffusion and vaccine-induced antibody measured by single radial haemolysis has been demonstrated. Improved adjuvants and antigenic presentation systems extend the duration of immunity induced by inactivated virus vaccines, but high levels of antibody are required for protection against field infection. In addition to circulating antibody, infection with influenza virus stimulates mucosal and cellular immunity; unlike immunity to inactivated virus vaccines, infection-induced immunity is not dependent on the presence of circulating antibody to HA. Live attenuated or vectored equine influenza vaccines, which may better mimic the immunity generated by influenza infection than inactivated virus vaccines, are now available. Mathematical modelling based upon experimental and field data has been applied to examine issues relating to vaccine efficacy at the population level. A vaccine strain selection system has been implemented and a more global approach to the surveillance of equine influenza is being developed. 相似文献
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Bunning ML Fox PE Bowen RA Komar N Chang GJ Speaker TJ Stephens MR Nemeth N Panella NA Langevin SA Gordy P Teehee M Bright PR Turell MJ 《Avian diseases》2007,51(2):573-577
The New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus (WNV) is nearly 100% fatal in the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). We evaluated four WNV vaccine formulations in American crows, including intramuscular (i.m.) DNA vaccine, i.m. DNA vaccine with adjuvant, orally administered microencapsulated DNA vaccine, and i.m. killed vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies developed in approximately 80% of crows that received the DNA vaccine i.m. (with or without adjuvant), and in 44% that received the killed vaccine. However, no crows that received the oral microencapsulated DNA vaccine or the placebo developed WNV antibodies. All crows were challenged 10 wk after initial vaccination. No unvaccinated crows survived challenge, and survival rates were 44% (i.m. DNA vaccine), 60% (i.m. DNA vaccine with adjuvant), 0% (oral microencapsulated DNA vaccine), and 11% (killed vaccine). Peak viremia titers in the birds that survived were significantly lower as compared to titers in birds that died. Parenteral administration of a WNV DNA vaccine was associated with reduced mortality but did not provide sterile immunity. 相似文献