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1.
为探究不同时空尺度下黄河口及其邻近水域鱼类群落谱系结构的分布格局以及多样性的维持机制, 根据 2013 年 6 月、7 月、8 月、10 月和 2014 年 2 月、4 月和 5 月在黄河口及其邻近水域开展的 7 个航次的鱼类资源调查数据, 基于鱼类系统发育关系, 分别以各月份黄河口及其邻近水域的鱼类群落、全年和不同月份在各个站位上出现的鱼类为目标群落, 应用净亲缘关系指数分析了该海域鱼类群落谱系结构的时空变化, 并探讨了影响群落构建的主要因素。结果表明, 在黄河口及其邻近水域, 鱼类群落谱系结构在 2 月、4 月呈现发散状态, 竞争排斥可能是影响鱼类群落构建的主导因素; 在其他月份均为谱系聚集状态, 生境过滤可能是鱼类群落构建的主导因素。在站位尺度上, 从全年来看, 入海口处的站位点鱼类群落呈现为谱系发散, 竞争排斥起着主导作用, 而其他站位鱼类群落谱系结构表现为谱系聚集, 生境过滤为主要驱动因素; 在各月份中, 站位间鱼类净亲缘关系指数变化较小, 除 2 月和 4 月外, 各月份中多数站位上鱼类群落表现为谱系聚集, 生境过滤起着主导作用。不同时空尺度下, 黄河口及其邻近水域鱼类群落有不同的物种组成和谱系结构; 在较大时空尺度下, 生境过滤对鱼类群落谱系结构起主导作用, 而在较小时空尺度下竞争排斥则是主要影响因素。 相似文献
2.
M. Oliva J. J. Vicente-Martorell M. D. Galindo-Riaño J. A. Perales 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(3):523-545
As a component of a large research project to evaluate the effects of contaminants on fish health in the field, histopathological studies have been conducted to help establish causal relationship between pollutants (heavy metals and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons—PAHs) and histopathological responses in Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis, from an estuary of SW Spain. Heavy metals (As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Fe) and 16 PAHs (proprietary USEPA) concentrations in water, sediment and tissues (liver and gills) and histopathological alterations in S. senegalensis from three sampling sites of Ria de Huelva estuary during 2004–2006 years have been analysed. The histopathological studies revealed seasonal and spatial differences in the lesion grade of alterations observing the highest lesion grades in fish from Odiel River and autumn season. No significant differences were observed in the alterations prevalence between sampling sites, but significant differences were observed between seasons observing the highest prevalence in autumn season. However, calculated IPAT demonstrated a low–moderate impact of pollutants on health fish. Correlations between histopathological alterations and pollutants analysed were observed being heavy metals the group that presented a major number of correlations with alterations in several organs of S. senegalensis. In evaluating the general health of fish, the use of histopathological studies in recommended for making more reliable assessment of biochemical responses in fish exposed to a variety of environmental stressors. Statistical analysis using semiquantitative data on pathological lesions can help to establish correlation between cause (stressor) and effect (biomarker). 相似文献
3.
Integrative approach of histopathology and histomorphometry of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) organs as a marker of general fish health state in pond culture 
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下载免费PDF全文 Božidar Rašković Stanislav Čičovački Miloš Ćirić Zoran Marković Vesna Poleksić 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3455-3463
The semi‐intensive system of common carp monoculture in earthen ponds is currently the most practiced fish rearing system in several countries in Eastern Europe. This system is based on the addition of supplemented feed to ponds to achieve faster growth. In this study, the general state of the fish health was monitored when three different types of feeds were used: grain cereals (CF), commercial pelleted feed and extruded feed. The markers used were: (i) the histopathological index (HP) of the main organs: gills, liver and kidney; and (ii) the histomorphometric parameters of the hepatocytes and enterocytes to assess the state of the digestive system in fish fed different types of supplemented feed. At the end of the experiment, the fish were in good health, since irreversible lesions were not noticed to a greater extent in any of the fish organs. There were also no other severe lesions present. However, the results showed differences in the HP indices of the liver and gills, as well as the total HP index, indicating a better health status of the fish in the CF group. The histomorphometric results showed larger cytoplasmic areas of hepatocytes in fish fed CF, which is attributed to glycogen accumulation and higher numbers of goblet cells in the distal intestines of fish fed compound feeds. This can be attributed to slight inflammation. 相似文献
4.
利用组织切片、HE染色和显微观察的方法,研究了卵形鲳鲹患刺激隐核虫病组织病理变化。组织切片结果可见,感染鱼的鳃和体表受到直接机械损伤;鱼体在缺氧状态下,入侵的刺激隐核虫有可能对机体产生某种毒素,也可能因刺激隐核虫感染而引发细菌或病毒继发性感染,造成肝、脾和肾脏不同程度的间接性损伤。表现为鳃部机能严重受阻,肝脏脂肪肝变性严重,肝索紊乱,血窦缩小或消失;脾脏组织结构不清晰,有充血、出血和坏死等症状;肾脏结构不清晰,肾小管及肾小体缩小,肾小管细胞融合(黏连),组织间隙松散扩大,局部细胞坏死,存在脂肪粒。 相似文献
5.
Effect of feed supplementation with kynurenic acid on the morphology of the liver,kidney and gills in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), healthy and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E Kaczorek J Szarek M Mikiewicz E Terech‐Majewska P Schulz J Małaczewska R Wójcik A K Siwicki 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(7):873-884
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous substance produced on the kynurenine pathway which is primarily known for its neuroactive properties. Recently, it has been proven that KYNA is a selective ligand for G protein‐coupled receptor (GPR 35), presented on immunocompetent cells such as T lymphocytes. This opens up new possibilities of its application as an immunostimulating substance in aquaculture. Thus far, no histopathological investigations in fish have been completed to evaluate influence of KYNA supplementation in feed. This study has been undertaken to determine the effect of feed supplementation with KYNA (2.5, 25, 250 mg kg?1 of feed) for 28 days on the liver, gills and kidney in healthy fish and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri. In a control group were observed a fatty liver, which is natural for this fish species in the autumn and winter season. As the dose of the supplement was increased, the fat liver changed, it decreased or completely disappeared. Additionally, inflammatory changes occurred in all the analysed organs, and their intensification was dose dependent. In the fish experimentally infected, KYNA caused aggravation of the signs in the liver, kidneys and gills, and the effect was dose dependent. The results implicate that KYNA may be a stressor for fish. 相似文献
6.
Sanda Skejić Ivona Marasović Olja Vidjak Grozdan Kušpilić Živana Ninčević Gladan Stefanija Šestanović Natalija Bojanić 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(9):1393-1405
In this study, we investigated the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water column at two stations under different trophic conditions during a 1‐year period (from September 2005 to September 2006) in an aquaculture area. The investigation was performed monthly at a station inside the fish farm in Maslinova Bay (middle Adriatic Sea, Croatia) and at a control station located in the Hvar Channel in the vicinity of the farm. The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved nutrients were slightly enhanced at the farm station in comparison with the control station, although those differences were not statistically significant, nor were the differences in oxygen saturation recorded during the investigation period. As opposed to the chemical parameters, considerably higher deviations were recorded for biological parameters as demonstrated by a significant increase in phytoplankton biomass and primary production (measured in situ) at the farm station, particularly during the summer season. Phytoplankton community structure analysis showed that the phytoplankton composition at the farm was mostly determined by seasonal changes rather than by the influence of fish farming. In Maslinova Bay, no causal links were identified between increased biomass and the appearance of toxic species. 相似文献
7.
以1.0×106CFU·m L~(-1)拟态弧菌(Vibrio mimicus)浸浴感染黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),于第0、第4、第8、第16、第24、第36、第48、第60、第72小时剖杀取样,研究病理损伤及病原菌的体内动态分布。结果显示,皮肤肌肉、鳃、肠道出现病变最早,其中皮肤肌肉损伤最严重。第16小时表皮变性、坏死,鳃上皮肿胀,肠绒毛水肿;第24~第48小时表皮坏死、脱落,真皮严重出血,肌纤维变性、坏死,鳃出血,上皮局部坏死,肠上皮变性与灶性坏死;第48~第72小时皮肤肌肉坏死更严重,形成溃疡灶,鳃灶性坏死。肾、肝、脾与心36 h后相继出现不同程度的淤血、出血,变性和灶性坏死。q PCR检测发现,第4小时即在鳃、肠、皮肤肌肉检出病菌,细菌含量分别为1.3×102CFU·mg~(-1)、2.6×102CFU·mg~(-1)、4.7×102CFU·mg~(-1);鳃与皮肤肌肉中菌量随时间延长而增加,第72小时皮肤肌肉中菌量达到4.5×107CFU·mg~(-1);第24小时后相继在肾、肝、脾、心检出病菌,菌量介于1.9×10~4.7×102CFU·mg~(-1)之间。结果表明皮肤、鳃和肠道是病菌的入侵位点,并在体内多组织、器官分布。 相似文献
8.
长江具备丰富的水资源和电力资源,近年来河网闸坝、水电等水利设施被大量建设,导致了连通性下降,从而带来一系列的生态环境问题,评估长江流域河-库连通性具有重要意义。本研究选择长江流域高坝大库（金沙江下游）、低坝枢纽（汉江中下游）和山区小水电（景谷）三种河-库连通类型进行研究。首先概化典型研究区河-库连通的水文网络模型,并将水电站、过渡区、河流汇聚点、闸坝作为重要的网络节点。然后基于网络的水文连通功能、生态环境功能和社会贡献功能构建水文网络连通评估指标体系,利用熵权模糊综合评估方法对典型河-库进行分析。结果表明,高坝大库和低坝枢纽连通性为四级（差）,山区小水电连通性为五级（极差）。并基于评估结果,对不同类型的河-库系统给出改善连通性的针对性建议。 相似文献
9.
Amr A. Abdel-Khalek Shereen R. Badran Mohamed-Assem S. Marie 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(4):1225-1236
The increased industrial applications of nanoparticles (NPs) augment the possibility of their deposition into aquatic ecosystems and threatening the aquatic life. So, this study aimed to provide a comparable toxicological effects of nano-CuO and bulk CuO on a common freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to two selected doses (1/10 and 1/20 of the LC50/96 h) of both nano-/bulk CuO for 30 days. Based on the studied hematological parameters (RBCs count, hemoglobin content and hematocrit%), the two selected concentrations of CuO in their nano- and bulk sizes were found to induce significant decrease in all studied parameters. But, nano-CuO-treated fish showed the maximum decrease in all recorded parameters among the all studied groups especially at the low concentration of 1/20 LC50/96 h. Hematological status was also confirmed using the calculated blood indices (MCV, MHC and MCHC). In case of bulk CuO-treated groups, the significant decrease in the studied hematological parameters was not followed by any change in MCV and MCH (normocytic anemia), while fish that exposed to NPs showed a significant increase in all calculated blood parameters reflecting erythrocytes swelling which is related to the intracellular osmotic disorders (macrocytic anemia). Regarding metal bioaccumulation factor, the results showed that CuO NPs had more efficiency to internalize fish tissues (liver, kidneys, gills, skin and muscle). The accumulation pattern of Cu metal was ensured by histopathological investigation of liver, kidneys and gills. The histopathological analysis revealed various alterations that varied between adaptation responses and permanent tissue damage. 相似文献
10.
A histopathological screening was performed on juvenile Senegalese soles exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of waterborne Cd (0.5, 5 and 10 μg L?1) for 28 days. The severity and dissemination of histopathological changes were variable and limited to the kidney, liver, spleen, gills and skin goblet cells. Contradicting available literature that refers the liver as the most affected organ upon acute exposure and the kidney following chronic exposure, the liver was the most impacted organ (even at the lowest concentration), in a trend that could relate to the duration of exposure and Cd concentration. The most noticeable hepatic alterations related to inflammation, although hepatocellular alterations like lipidosis and eosinophilic foci also occurred. The trunk kidney of exposed fish endured moderate inflammation, apoptosis and necrosis, however, without a clear time-dependent effect. The spleen of fish subjected to the highest concentrations revealed diffuse necrotic foci accompanied by melanomacrophage intrusion. The gills, albeit the most important apical uptake organ of dissolved toxicants, sustained only moderate damage, from epithelial hyperplasia and pavement cell detachment to the potentially more severe chloride cell alterations. In the skin, an increase in goblet cell size occurred, most notoriously correlated to Cd concentration at earlier stages of exposure. The results show that a metal-naïve juvenile fish can endure deleterious effects when exposed to low, ecologically relevant, concentrations of a common toxic metal and that the pattern of Cd-induced histopathological alterations can be complex and linked to organ-specific responses and metal translocation within the organism. 相似文献
11.
为进一步探明长江口沿岸碎波带仔稚鱼种类组成和数量分布的季节性变化特征,2006年11月至2007年10月,在长江口沿岸碎波带的13个站位用小型拖网(1 m×4 m,网目1 mm)共采集到仔稚鱼77种,隶属于13目27科63属。各季节出现仔稚鱼种数分别为37、20、13和7种。仔稚鱼是以暖温性种类占绝对优势,按生态类型划分,河口性和淡水性种类为主,其次为海洋性种类,洄游性种类最少。根据优势度曲线可看出,夏季优势种最突出,秋季优势种最不明显。夏季与秋季的共有种最多,均为27种;冬季与春季,冬季与秋季间的共有种最少,均为11种。从数量分布来看,冬季仔稚鱼数量最少,且分布较分散,春季数量有明显增加,夏季数量达最大值,且分布趋于集中。在低盐和淡水的站位St.4、St.5、St.7和St.10,形成了以刀鲚为主要种类的仔稚鱼密集区,平均密度高达2 729尾/站。 相似文献
12.
为了探明梯级电站开发下金沙江下游鱼类群落的结构特征及主要环境驱动因子,于2017年对春季和秋季金沙江下游尚未建成的乌东德和白鹤滩水电站江段以及已下闸蓄水的溪洛渡和向家坝水电站江段应用多网目复合刺网进行了鱼类群落定量研究,同时运用多种统计分析方法分析了鱼类多样性特征以及鱼类群落与环境因子的关系。研究发现仍保持正常流水未成库区的乌东德和白鹤滩江段鱼类群落与已成库区的溪洛渡和向家坝江段有着明显的差异。在仍为峡谷激流型生境的江段,鱼类组成以土著特有鱼类为主,优势种为喜流水的圆口铜鱼C. guichenoti、泉水鱼P. procheilus、犁头鳅L. fimbriata;而在已蓄水的库区江段,鱼类组成多为长江中下游常见种类,优势种为喜静水缓流的?H. leucisculus、飘鱼P. sinensis、似鱎T. wwinhonis。应用典范对应分析对鱼类群落与环境因子做了相关分析,发现影响金沙江下游鱼类群落的主要环境驱动因子包括水深、总固体悬浮物、电导率、pH和水温等。这些研究结果为制定金沙江下游鱼类种质资源和生物多样性保护的相关管理政策提供了基础与支撑。 相似文献
13.
The spatial and seasonal impact of fish farming on the water column of two fish farms in the Eastern Mediterranean was investigated, between July 2004 and April 2005. In the area of each fish farm, three stations were sampled. One was located at the centre of the fish farm, the other at a distance of 50 m from the centre and the last one at a distance of 300 m from the fish farm centre. At each sampling station, water samples were collected at the surface, at 5 m and at every further 10‐m depth from the surface to the bottom, for nutrient analysis (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silicate). Statistical analysis showed significant differences between seasons for all nutrients, with the exception of nitrite in one of the farms. Furthermore, ammonium, nitrite, phosphate and silicate values showed significant differences among sampling stations. The maximum concentrations of the above nutrients (1.64, 0.10, 2.57, 0.28 and 4.89 μM respectively) were recorded at the sampling stations located at the centre of each fish farm and they were gradually reduced with increasing distance from the cages. The concentrations of nutrients did not appear to exceed permitted levels for the appearance of eutrophication. The maximum concentrations were considerably lower than those observed previously in the study area. 相似文献
14.
为探究额尔齐斯河水域中鱼类寄生三代虫的种类以及感染情况,给新疆水产业的发展及我国三代虫的研究提供基础资料,2009年8月至2014年8月选取额尔齐斯河的北屯镇、185团场、布尔津和哈巴河4个采样点,自捕或者从当地渔民处购买材料鱼,通过染色观察三代虫的形态特征,对其几丁质结构进行绘图、测量及比较,同时对不同种类三代虫的感染率、感染强度、感染丰度以及宿主专一性进行分析。结果表明,4个采样点共发现三代虫14种,其中丁 三代虫（Gyrodactylus tinca Malmberg,1957）、白斑狗鱼三代虫（Gyrodoctylus lucii Kulakowskaja,1951）、梭鲈三代虫（Gyrodoctylu luciopercae Gusev,1962）、马氏三代虫（Gyrodactylus markakulensis Gvosdev,1950）均是国内首次发现,为新纪录种;感染率最高的为鲤（Cyprinus carpio）（23．94％）,最低的为河鲈（Perca fluviatilis）（0．74％）,除东方欧鳊（Abramis brama orientalis）、散鳞镜鲤（Cyprinus carpio haematopterrus）和鲤外,其余的感染率均不超过10％;银鲫（Carassius auratus gibelio）、散鳞镜鲤和鲤为易感宿主,方均比（S2／X）都大于1,呈聚集分布;其余的小于1,呈均匀分布。三代虫宿主专一性较强,但有少数种类三代虫寄生2～4种宿主的情况,也存在同一宿主感染2～3种三代虫的现象,与单殖吸虫的宿主专一性基本一致。 相似文献
15.
Abstract – The dynamics of fish assemblages from seven floodplain lakes of Salado River (Argentina) was monthly analysed during two contrasting hydrological seasons. Partial canonical correspondence analysis indicated that assemblage structure was predictably linked to environmental characteristics that varied along temporal and spatial scales. Species distributed differentially along an environmental gradient of temperature, hydrometric level, conductivity, macrophyte cover and transparency in relation to their sensory capabilities (following piscivory‐transparency‐morphometry model) and life history strategies. During high water season, assemblages were associated with temperature and hydrometric level, factors which varied mainly across temporal scales and exhibit a regional range of action. During low waters, assemblage structure correlated with macrophyte cover and transparency, factors that varied fundamentally on spatial scales and have local impact. These results indicate that the determinism of fish assemblages does not vary substantially between hydrometric periods, although the environmental variables affecting fish assemblages and their scale of action are clearly different. 相似文献
16.
斜带石斑鱼溶藻弧菌病的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从患病的斜带石斑鱼肝和肾组织分离的两株病原菌,进行纯化培养、人工感染、VITEK-AMS-32自动微生物分析鉴定及药敏试验,经形态和生理生化测定,确定为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)。组织病理变化主要表现为鳃、肝和肾细胞变性、坏死,病变组织炎性细胞浸润,呈变质性炎症。 相似文献
17.
C R Carbis G T Rawlin G F Mitchell J W Anderson I McCauley 《Journal of fish diseases》1996,19(3):199-207
Carp liver, gills, intestine, kidneys, heart and spleen were studied by histology after the fish were exposed to microcystins by gavage, immersion and intraperitoneal administration. Intraperitoneal inoculation with microcystins caused necrosis or dose- dependent degeneration in the liver, gills and kidneys. Gavaging with microcystins caused changes in the histopathology of the liver and gills. Cellular degeneration and necrosis occurred in the liver, gills and kidneys when carp were introduced to a tank containing 1.7 μg ml?1 of microcystins. Lesions were not observed in the heart, spleen or intestines from any of the treated carp. Microcystins administered by intraperitoneal injection at a concentration of 50 μg kg?1 were lethal to all fish within 8 h, while gavaging with 250 μg kg?1 of microcystins caused minimal damage in the tissues studied. 相似文献
18.
为了解大渡河乐山段鱼类群落结构和多样性的分布特征,2015年11月至2017年4月,在大渡河河口乐山市沙湾区至市中区长约30km的河网段布置7个采样断面,采用定置刺网、地笼和电捕等方法,进行了4次鱼类资源调查。结果表明,调查期间共采集到鱼类57种,隶属于5目、13科、48属;其中,鲤形目(38种)占总数的66.67%;鲇形目(13种)占22.81%;鲈形目(4种)占7.02%;合鳃目(1种)和鳉形目(1种)均占1.75%。该区域鱼类群落以杂食性、底栖、适应缓流生境的种类为主。根据优势度指数(index of relative importance,IRI)分析,安谷电站坝上库区河段鱼类优势种有7种,坝下河段有8种,生态河道有8种。鱼类群落多样性指数以安谷电站坝下河段最高。生态类群分析表明,安谷电站坝上与坝下江段的鱼类群落结构差异显著,渔获物个体小型化趋势明显。目前的水电开发和过度捕捞是影响大渡河乐山段鱼类资源最主要的胁迫因素。 相似文献
19.
A histopathological study was carried out on ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, with bacterial haemorrhagic ascites. The fish were obtained from culture ponds in Wakayama Prefecture in 2003. The causative agent was identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida by a slide agglutination test using anti-P. plecoglossicida FPC941 serum. Histopathological studies revealed lesions in spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, heart and gills. Lesions in the spleen and haematopoietic tissue were prominent and invaded by P. plecoglossicida. Necrotic lesions accompanied by haemorrhage, fibrin deposition and oedema occurred in the splenic pulp and sheathed tissue, and in the kidney. The liver also had necrotic lesions and abscess formations. However, the intestine, heart and gills were only slightly invaded by P. plecoglossicida. No lesions or bacteria were observed in the brain. 相似文献
20.
María Cristina Chávez-Sánchez Margarita Hernández-Martínez Selene Abad-Rosales Emma Fajer-Ávila Leobardo Montoya-Rodríguez Porfirio Álvarez-Torres 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2002,33(3):316-329
A histopathological survey of wild and cultured shrimp from the Gulf of Mexico was carried out to determine the prevalence and severity of infectious diseases and parasites, affecting four species of penaeid shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, F. duorarum, and L. vannamei). Around 60 shrimp were obtained from each of 10 sampling stations during different months in 1999 and 2000. One station was a shrimp culture farm from Tamaulipas State, and nine were wild stations from Tamaulipas (five), Veracruz (one), and Campeche (three) States. Thirty shrimp from each station were used for histological analysis. The remaining shrimp were frozen and kept at ?20 C to carry out PCR techniques to determine the presence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Some in situ hybridization analyses were applied to ascertain cases of WSS viral disease. Fresh analysis was carried out in shrimp from only one station for parasite identification. The histopathological survey performed on 688 shrimp showed no evidence of viral diseases. Two shrimp from one station were histologically diagnosed as having presumptive WSSV. Tissues from the same shrimp were processed for in situ hybridization and another 20 samples from the same station were processed to run PCR techniques. In each case, the results were negative. The same PCR procedure was applied to the rest of the frozen samples and none of them showed the presence of the WSSV. No important bacterial infections were observed in any of the wild or cultured shrimp analyzed. Fresh analysis demonstrated the presence of the cestode Prochristianella hispida and the gregarines Cephalolobus penaeus and Nematopsis penaeus. Histological analysis showed that the abundance of P. hispida varied from 7 to 90%, and G1 to G4 grades of severity were observed, with G1 being the most common. Gregarines were commonly observed in the histological slides, with a prevalence varying from 3 to 56% and G1 severity in most cases. Haplosporidan infection was observed in one sample of F. duorarum, which is the first report of this parasite in this host. Two invasive epibionts, the filamentous bacteria Leucothrix sp. and the ciliate Ascophrys sp., were found in four sampled stations. The study showed that in ten stations sampled from 1999 to 2000 in the Gulf of Mexico, shrimp populations had no serious infectious diseases. 相似文献