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1.
水分胁迫和组合比例对白羊草与达乌里胡枝子叶绿素荧光参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽控制试验,采用生态替代法,按照白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)(B)和达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza dauurica)(L)株数比设置7种组合比例(12∶0,10:2,8∶4,6:6,4∶8,2∶10,0∶12)和2种水分处理(正常供水和水分胁迫,分别为田间持水量的80%和40%),测定和比较了不同水分和组合比例下2草种的叶绿素荧光动力学参数。结果表明:短期水分胁迫对白羊草和达乌里胡枝子的F_o,F_m和F_v/F_m影响不显著,但显著降低了单播白羊草和除B81L4外其余混播比例中达乌里胡枝子的φ_(PSⅡ)和qP,说明白羊草和达乌里胡枝子均具有较强的抗旱性,其中白羊草对水分胁迫更为敏感;二者混播时白羊草抗旱性增强,达乌里胡枝子的降低。正常供水下B10L2中白羊草的φ_(PSⅡ)和qP大于单播;水分胁迫下B8L4中白羊草和达乌里胡枝子的φ_(PSⅡ)均大于单播,表明正常供水下B10L2比例有利于提高白羊草PSⅡ活性,水分胁迫下B8L4比例有利于改善白羊草和达乌里胡枝子的PSⅡ活性。 相似文献
2.
沙芦草+胡枝子混播草地的生物量及土壤速效养分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用田间调查取样和室内分析相结合的方法,在宁夏盐池县四墩子试验基地以单播沙芦草(Agropyron mongolicum)、单播达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、同行混播和灌木地同行混播栽培草地为研究对象,研究了不同播种方式对草地生物量和土壤速效养分分布的影响,结果表明,地上生物量表现为同行混播草地单播沙芦草草地灌木地同行混播草地单播达乌里胡枝子草地;随着土层深度的增加,地下生物量和土壤速效养分含量均呈降低的趋势,0-40cm各土层单播达乌里胡枝子草地地下生物量最小;土壤速效氮和速效钾含量均以同行混播草地最低,土壤速效磷含量以灌木地同行混播草地最低,说明混播不利于土壤速效养分的积累。 相似文献
3.
运用以Shannon-Wieren指数为基础的生态位宽度计测公式和Pianka的生态位重叠计测公式,在土壤水分、土壤pH值、土壤全氮含量3个资源维上研究白羊草灌丛草地主要植物种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠关系.建群种白羊草的平均生态位最高,为0.905;达乌里胡枝子的生态位宽度仅次于白羊草.表明白羊草、达乌里胡枝子具有最强的耐受北方寒冷干燥及家畜放牧利用的能力.白羊草在3个资源维上同其他种群的生态位重叠值都较高,表明其在群落中具有较强的占据资源优势能力.因此,在对退化白羊草灌丛草地植被恢复时,白羊草和达乌里胡枝子是首选草种. 相似文献
4.
白羊草灌丛草地种群生态位的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用以Shannon-Wieren指数为基础的生态位宽度计测公式和Pianka的生态位重叠计测公式,在土壤水分、土壤pH值、土壤全氮含量3个资源维上研究白羊草灌丛草地主要植物种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠关系。建群种白羊草的平均生态位最高,为0．905;达乌里胡枝子的生态位宽度仅次于白羊草。表明白羊草、达乌里胡枝子具有最强的耐受北方寒冷干燥及家畜放牧利用的能力。白羊草在3个资源维上同其他种群的生态住重叠值都较高,表明其在群落中具有较强的占据资源优势能力。因此,在对退化白羊草灌丛草地植被恢复时,白羊草和达乌里胡枝子是首选草种。 相似文献
5.
黄土丘陵区白羊草与达乌里胡枝子混播的光合生理日变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生态替代法,按照白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum,B)和达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica,D)行比设置了7种混播比例组合(即0∶10, 2∶8, 4∶6, 5∶5, 6∶4, 8∶2和10∶0),比较研究了白羊草在不同混播比例组合下的光合生理日变化特征。结果表明:不同混播比例组合下,白羊草光合速率日变化均呈双峰曲线,具有明显的光合"午休"现象,峰值分别出现在10:00和16:00左右,峰谷出现在12:00左右;除B4D6比例下白羊草蒸腾速率日变化呈双峰曲线外,其他比例下均呈单峰曲线;各混播比例组合下白羊草叶片水分利用效率日变化均呈双峰曲线,峰值和峰谷出现时间与光合速率一致。相比其他组合比例,白羊草在B8D2和B6D4比例下均具有较高的Pn日均值,较低的Tr日均值和较高的WUEL日均值,说明这2种组合比例有利于改善其光合作用,提高其叶片水分利用效率。 相似文献
6.
香豆素是草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)产生的主要化感物质,为筛选适宜补播草地早熟禾草地的种子材料,本试验采用不同浓度(0,20,40,60,80,100 μg·mL-1)的香豆素处理'晋农1号’达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica 'Jinnong No. 1’)、'太行’白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum 'Taihang’)、二月兰(Orychophragmus violaceus)和3个品种的草地早熟禾：'幸运星’(Poa pratensis 'Luckystar’)、'珠峰’(Poa pratensis 'Everest’)、'新歌莱德’(Poa pratensis 'Nuglade’)进行发芽试验,测定种子萌发、幼苗生长指标,计算综合化感效应指数。结果表明,达乌里胡枝子、白羊草分别在20 μg·mL-1和40 μg·mL-1香豆素处理下,种子萌发与幼苗生长受到化感促进作用最显著;随处理浓度升高,白羊草受化感抑制程度最轻,其次是达乌里胡枝子。结合天然草地中的共生情况,推测'晋农1号’达乌里胡枝子和'太行’白羊草适宜与草地早熟禾组合,在草地补播中发挥重要作用。本研究结果可为后续补播试验奠定基础。 相似文献
7.
为探究大气氮沉降对黄土丘陵区草地群落多样性及其优势种生长的影响,本研究以白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum, Bi)和达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica, Ld)为优势种的草地群落为研究对象,设置3个氮添加处理(N0,0 kg ·hm-2·a-1;N25,25 kg ·hm-2·a-1;N75,75 kg ·hm-2·a-1),测定并分析了白羊草和达乌里胡枝子的株高、盖度、地上生物量(Aboveground biomass,AGB),物种多样性和养分含量。结果表明：氮添加处理下,Bi和Ld群落的总AGB显著提高;Bi群落中,氮添加显著降低物种多样性指数,而显著提高白羊草的全氮含量和氮磷比;Ld群落中,氮添加显著增加物种多样性指数,而显著降低达乌里胡枝子的全氮含量和氮磷比;相关性分析表明,物种多样性与白羊草的盖度和生物量呈显著负相关关系,与达乌里胡枝子的高度、盖度和AGB呈显著正相关。综上,氮添加促进了白羊草生长但抑制达乌里胡枝子,其群落优势种的AGB对物种多样性影响更加重要。 相似文献
8.
白羊草灌丛草地优势种牧草营养物质及瘤胃降解动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对白羊草灌丛草地优势种牧草白羊草、达乌里胡枝子、尖叶铁扫帚、铁杆蒿和隐子草的营养动态进行了研究,结果表明:随着生育期的延续,牧草粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量逐渐降低,而酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维则呈相反的趋势;豆科牧草与铁杆蒿的粗蛋白质含量以现蕾期为转折点,禾本科牧草则以开花初期粗蛋白质含量较高.同时,对白羊草和达乌里胡枝子在绵羊瘤胃内的降解动态的研究表明:粗蛋白质含量高的其粗蛋白质降解率高,白羊草在开花期的粗蛋白质降解率高于抽穗期,但稍低于拔节期,达乌里胡枝子在现蕾期的粗蛋白质降解率高于分枝期;瘤胃降解率在前24h迅速上升,之后则较平缓;8月份白羊草处于开花期,为地上生物量的高峰期,对放牧极为有利. 相似文献
9.
10.
黄土丘陵区植被演替中不同草本植物间的化感效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解植被演替过程中不同植物间的化感作用,选取黄土丘陵区退耕地撂荒演替中不同阶段的优势物种茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaries)和铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum),分析它们对其他植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同部位水浸提液由于其化感物质及其释放方式的不同,化感作用存在明显差异。演替前期物种茵陈蒿水浸提液对铁杆蒿和白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)种子萌发有明显抑制作用,而对达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)和白羊草幼苗的生长总体表现为促进作用;茵陈蒿根际土和根系水浸提液促进铁杆蒿、白羊草和达乌里胡枝子根的生长,而地上部水浸提液可促进白羊草和胡枝子根的生长。演替后期物种铁杆蒿对茵陈蒿和白羊草种子萌发有较强的抑制作用;其根际土和根系水浸提液可促进茵陈蒿、白羊草和达乌里胡枝子幼苗的生长;地上部水浸提液抑制白羊草和达乌里胡枝子幼苗的生长。茵陈蒿和铁杆蒿对于自身种子萌发以及幼苗的生长具有一定的自毒作用,表现为茵陈蒿根系和地上部水浸提液强烈抑制自身种子萌发;高浓度的铁杆蒿根系和地上部水浸提液对自身的种子萌发以及根、芽的生长具有明显抑制作用。综上所述,茵陈蒿和铁杆蒿不同部位水浸提液对4种受体植物种子萌发表现出不同程度的抑制作用,对根和芽的生长呈现出由"高抑低促"的作用。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献