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1.
脊尾白虾是我国重要的经济虾类,细胞周期蛋白C(CCNC)是细胞周期蛋白家族的一员,在细胞周期调控及转录调控等方面发挥着重要作用。为研究脊尾白虾CCNC(EcCCNC)基因在卵巢及幼体发育中的生物学功能,采用RACE技术克隆EcCCNC基因cDNA全长序列,实时荧光定量PCR技术研究EcCCNC基因在脊尾白虾不同组织、卵巢不同时期和幼体发育不同时期的相对表达量,并通过原核表达获得EcCCNC基因的体外重组蛋白。结果显示：EcCCNC基因cDNA全长1042 bp,包括82 bp的5′非编码区,156 bp的3′非编码区,804 bp的开放阅读框,编码267个氨基酸,预测蛋白质的分子质量为31.34 ku,理论等电点为5.50;聚类分析表明,脊尾白虾EcCCNC基因编码的氨基酸与凡纳滨对虾的聚为一支,氨基酸序列与凡纳滨对虾的相似性(92%)最高;EcCCNC基因在卵巢中特别是大生长期及溞状幼体Ⅱ期的相对表达量最高(P<0.05);EcCCNC基因的体外重组蛋白为45 ku,经WB验证含His标签。研究结果表明,EcCCNC基因在脊尾白虾卵巢及幼体发育过程中很可能扮演了十分重要的角色。... 相似文献
2.
为探究隐花色素基因(cryptochrome,cry)在甲壳类中的节律调节功能,本研究根据脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)转录组序列,利用RACE技术获得了脊尾白虾cry1基因cDNA序列全长并对其进行功能分析。脊尾白虾cry1基因全长2190bp,开放阅读框1845bp,5’端非编码区为241bp,3’端非编码区为104bp,共翻译出614个氨基酸,预测蛋白质的分子质量为70.5kDa,理论等电点为5.09。同源性分析显示,脊尾白虾cry1基因与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannameiS)的同源性最高,为71.6％。荧光定量分析结果表明,脊尾白虾cry1基因在眼柄、鳃、心脏、胃、肝胰腺、性腺、肌肉、肠道和腹索神经中均有表达,其中眼柄的表达量最高,性腺和心脏次之；不同时段的表达结果表明,其表达量在日节律(24h)中表现出先下降再上升的趋势。不同光色条件下RNA干扰(RNA interference,SRNAi)结果显示,注射后3~6h蓝光光照下脊尾白虾cry1基因的表达量显著高于白光光照,9~24h蓝色和白色光照下的表达量无显著差异,而RNA干扰组的表达量显著低于对照组,此结果显示cry1基因可能主要响应蓝光周期节律。目前对甲壳类生物钟的研究较少,该研究为深入探究甲壳类生物钟基因的调控机制提供帮助。 相似文献
3.
为构建日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)耐高温性状的评价体系,全面了解日本囊对虾的耐热性状,本研究首先采用耐热性(upper thermal tolerance,UTT)作为评定指标,开展不同规格日本囊对虾耐热性状的分析;进一步结合临界温度法(critical thermal methodology,CTM)将日本囊对虾与脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)进行了耐热性状的种间比较。结果显示:(1)不同大小的日本囊对虾个体之间耐热性(UTT)存在差异,其体重与耐热性之间呈负相关,相关系数为-0.142(P0.05),特别是日本囊对虾仔虾(0.01 g)耐热性显著高于较大规格(1~5 g)的日本囊对虾(P0.05);(2)受高温刺激,3种虾表现出不同的应激行为,凡纳滨对虾的开始死亡温度与死亡高峰温度最高,日本囊对虾次之,脊尾白虾最低;(3)3种虾的耐热性状存在明显差异,凡纳滨对虾的平均UTT值最高,日本囊对虾次之,脊尾白虾的最低(P0.01);(4)凡纳滨对虾的临界高温(critical thermal maximum,CTMax)最高,日本囊对虾次之,脊尾白虾最低(P0.05),即与UTT的比较结果一致。本研究为日本囊对虾耐高温品系选育提供了基础科学依据。 相似文献
4.
利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术克隆出凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)核自身抗原精子蛋白(NASP)基因,NASP基因c DNA全长2258 bp,其中包括92 bp 5′端非编码区,147 bp 3′端非编码区及2019 bp开放阅读区,编码673个氨基酸,预测分子量为74.18 k D。该序列已提交至Gen Bank,序列号为KT274811。在NCBI上进行序列比对后发现,其与斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)NASP序列相似性最高,为90%。采用荧光定量PCR方法测定了不同发育时期卵巢与肝胰腺中NASP m RNA相对表达水平,结果表明,NASP在卵巢中的表达量高于肝胰腺中的表达量,且在Ⅱ期表达量最高,Ⅲ期表达量最低。此外,通过构建系统进化树比较了凡纳滨对虾NASP与其他物种间的遗传距离。实验结果为进一步研究该基因在凡纳滨对虾卵巢发育中的作用提供了依据。 相似文献
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脊尾白虾热休克蛋白HSP70基因的克隆及其表达分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
克隆了脊尾白虾热休克蛋白基因全长cDNA,并进行了序列分析。该基因由2 250 bp的碱基组成,开放阅读框长1 959 bp,编码由652个氨基酸组成的蛋白,基因两翼分别存在83 bp(5′端)和208 bp(3′端)的非翻译区,将该基因命名为Ec-HSP70。与其它物种HSP70s氨基酸序列进行同源性比较发现,与甲壳动物的同源性都在90%以上,表明该蛋白属于热休克蛋白HSP70家族。聚类分析表明,脊尾白虾热休克蛋白氨基酸序列与中国明对虾和凡纳滨对虾紧密聚为一支,之后聚类顺序依次为斑节对虾、日本囊对虾、刀额新对虾等。通过荧光定量RT-PCR对该基因在肝胰腺、肌肉的表达分析表明,温度、pH和氨氮胁迫都可以引起该基因的高表达,而且肝胰腺中的高表达时间相对肌肉中出现的较早。试验结果表明,温度、pH和氨氮胁迫对脊尾白虾HSP70基因表达有一定的诱导效果,但胁迫的时间过长则抑制其表达,肝胰腺对胁迫比肌肉较敏感。 相似文献
6.
利用本实验室构建的脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)血细胞cDNA文库中脊尾白虾14-3-3巨球蛋白基因EST序列,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,克隆获得脊尾白虾14-3-3基因c DNA全长,命名为Ec14-3-3。该基因全长2905 bp,包含744 bp的开放阅读框,编码247个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,分子量为27.95 kD,理论等电点为4.65。同源性分析表明,脊尾白虾Ec14-3-3氨基酸序列与斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)14-3-3的同源性最高,达到98%。荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,Ec14-3-3基因在血细胞、卵巢、肝胰腺等组织中均有表达,其中血细胞中Ec14-3-3相对表达量最高。感染鳗弧菌和WSSV后6 h,脊尾白虾血细胞和肝胰腺中Ec14-3-3基因的表达量较对照组均显著增加(P0.05),且具有明显的时间差异性。本研究结果表明,Ec14-3-3基因在脊尾白虾免疫反应中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
7.
应用RACE技术克隆了脊尾白虾血蓝蛋白基因全长cDNA序列,并对该序列进行了分析.结果显示,该基因全长2 158 bp,开放式阅读框长1 992 bp,5’非编码区长26 bp,3’非编码区长140 bp,将该基因命名为EcHc.EcHc编码663个氨基酸,前15个氨基酸组成信号肽,推测成熟肽的分子量为75.05kDa.Blast比对结果显示,由脊尾白虾血蓝蛋白cDNA序列推导的氨基酸序列与日本沼虾、信号小龙虾血蓝蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性分别为86％、68％,由此推断该cDNA序列可能属于血蓝蛋白家族.利用Real-time PCR方法,分别研究了鳗孤菌和白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染脊尾白虾后,肝胰腺组织中EcHc基因在不同时间点的表达变化.实验结果表明,细菌或病毒感染后,EcHc基因在肝胰腺组织中的表达量显著增加,且均在感染后6h达到最高值,揭示脊尾白虾血蓝蛋白基因EcHc在脊尾白虾的免疫防御中具有重要作用. 相似文献
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脊尾白虾VgR基因克隆及其在卵巢发育过程中的表达分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解卵黄蛋白原受体(vitellogenin receptor,Vg R)在脊尾白虾卵巢发育中的作用,采用同源克隆和RACE技术,克隆了脊尾白虾Vg R基因全长c DNA序列,用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析了Vg R基因在雌虾不同组织、卵巢发育不同时期的表达特征。结果显示,脊尾白虾Vg R基因全长5892 bp,开放阅读框5661 bp,编码1886个氨基酸。脊尾白虾Vg R具有低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)家族典型结构特征,属于LDLR家族,进化上与日本沼虾等甲壳动物Vg R亲缘关系最近,然后与昆虫Vg R分支聚为一支,而与LDLR家族中其他成员亲缘关系较远。脊尾白虾Vg R在各组织中均有表达,但主要在卵巢内表达。随着卵巢的发育,卵巢Vg R表达量逐渐升高,在III期达到最大,与肝胰腺Vg表达量、血液Vg浓度变化趋势相一致;而在卵巢成熟时,卵巢Vg R表达量降到了最低,与肝胰腺Vg表达情况截然相反;排卵后的恢复期,血液中Vg浓度仍维持在较高水平,卵巢Vg R表达量又升至III期水平,同时卵巢Vg表达量也升至最高。由此可见,甲壳动物与昆虫Vg R起源于同一祖先,但在进化上已形成独立一支;脊尾白虾卵巢成熟前,卵巢主要通过Vg R介导作用摄取血液中Vg,以供卵巢快速成熟;卵巢成熟期,肝胰腺呈现补偿性合成Vg,以尽快恢复其营养储备功能;卵巢恢复期,卵巢通过Vg R介导摄入外源Vg和内源合成Vg两种途径,为卵巢二次发育提供营养物质。 相似文献
9.
虾造血激素(astakine,AST)是节肢动物中具有促进造血组织细胞分化和增殖的一种细胞因子。在对白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染分子机制的研究中发现,WSSV的一个可能受体蛋白与AST存在特异性结合。为进一步了解WSSV感染与对虾细胞分化之间的关系,本研究应用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)结合cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,成功克隆了凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei造血激素基因(lvast)全长cDNA(GenBank登录号:HM594944),并对该基因进行了生物信息学分析。lvast全长共1846bp,含有1个372bp的开放阅读框,编码124个氨基酸,估算分子量为13.3kD。其编码的氨基酸序列包含一个前动力蛋白(Prokineticin)结构域。基因序列和氨基酸序列同源性比较表明,凡纳滨对虾造血激素(LvAST)与斑节对虾和软尾太平蝲蛄AST同源性较高,与脊椎动物的同源性较低。通过构建包含lvast基因ORF重组表达载体pBAD/gIIIA-lvast,本研究成功表达出与预期相符合的目的蛋白,为进一步研究LvAST的结构与功能提供了理论依据和实验基础。 相似文献
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6-磷酸海藻糖合成酶(Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, TPS)是海藻糖合成的关键酶,在生物体逆境胁迫应答中发挥着重要的作用。本研究以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高温胁迫转录组测序的Unigene序列为基础,采用直接PCR扩增的方法,获得了TPS部分cDNA (完整的ORF和部分UTR)序列(LvTPS)。序列分析结果显示,LvTPS序列包含1个2529 bp的开放阅读框,可编码842个氨基酸,分子量为95.4 kDa,等电点为6.17。LvTPS具有Glyco-transf-20和Trehalose PPase 2个功能结构域。多序列比对结果显示,LvTPS与中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)的相似性最高,为63.73%;系统进化树显示,凡纳滨对虾与中国对虾亲缘关系最近,并与蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)、脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)、克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkia)等无脊椎动物聚为一支,脊椎动物单独聚为一支。基因表达水平的定量分析结果显示,LvTPS在鳃、肝胰腺、眼柄、心脏、神经和肌肉6种组织中均表达。鳃和肌肉表达量基本相同,为最高;眼柄、心脏和神经表达量次之,显著低于鳃和肌肉中的表达量(P<0.05);肝胰腺中表达量为最低,显著低于其他5种组织中的表达量(P<0.05)。与26℃温度下的凡纳滨对虾相比,水温升至32℃时,眼柄和心脏中的LvTPS显著上调表达(P<0.05);水温升至38℃时,鳃、肝胰腺、眼柄和心脏中LvTPS显著上调表达(P<0.05)。其中,在肝胰腺中表达量变化较显著。之后,随着温度的下降,其表达量总体呈下调趋势。回温至32℃和26℃时,6种组织中LvTPS基因表达量与对照组均无显著性差异。在神经和肌肉中,不同温度胁迫下的LvTPS基因表达量没有显著变化。上述研究结果表明,LvTPS与凡纳滨对虾应对高温胁迫过程密切相关。本研究可为解析凡纳滨对虾应答高温胁迫机制提供一些基础数据。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献