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1.
目的：肯定多拉菌素驱杀猪体内线虫和体外血虱的效果及药物在猪体内的残效期，并为临床应用该药提供科学依据。方法：试验分两次进行，每次分5组(多拉菌素高中低剂量组，伊维菌素对照组及空白对照组)；试验一猪120头，依试验前后寄生虫(卵)罹惠数量进行比较确定多拉菌素驱杀猪体内线虫和体外血虱的效果；试验二猪80头，肯定多拉菌素驱杀猪体内线虫和体外血虱的效果。同时，依据猪再感染寄生虫的时间，确定药物在猪体内的残效期。结论：多拉菌素驱杀猪体内线虫和体外血虱效果确实可靠；其中高剂量组和中剂量组药效最为显著，驱杀猪体内线虫的药物残效期均为28天，驱杀猪体外血虱的药物残效期均在120天以上；据此，临床推荐剂量以中剂量组300μg／kg体重为宜。  相似文献   

2.
多拉菌素驱除猪体内线虫试验   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  
选取 8 0头仔猪进行驱除体内线虫试验 ,试验分 5组进行 (多拉菌素高、中、低剂量组、伊维菌素对照组及空白对照组 )。通过试验前后寄生虫感染情况的比较 ,表明多拉菌素驱除猪寄生线虫效果确实、可靠 ,其中高剂量组和中剂量组药物残效期达 2 8d。推荐使用中剂量即 3 0 0 μg/kg体重  相似文献   

3.
猪肌肉注射多拉菌素的药物动力学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
对多拉菌素在猪体内的肌肉注射药物动力学进行了研究。长白×杜洛克杂交猪5头,临床健康,体重36kg~50kg。以300μg/kg体重剂量通过肌肉注射给药,血浆样品经乙腈处理后过18C富集柱,用甲醇提取多拉菌素并进行衍生化反应,以反向HPLC测定血清中的药物浓度,药物动力学参数用MCPKP程序进行处理。结果表明,猪肌肉注射多拉菌素后,血浆药物浓度可测至25d,药物浓度-时间曲线符合二室开放模型。主要药物动力学参数为,t1/2α0.056d±0.022d,t1/2β3.20d±1.34d,AUC223.51μg/(L.d)±65.20μg/(L.d),CMAX28.99μg/L±10.69μg/L,Tp1.24d±0.87d。结果显示,多拉菌素在猪体内具有吸收分布迅速、体内分布容积大、消除缓慢和生物利用度相对较高的特点,并表现为显著的长效性。研究结果对认识多拉菌素在猪体内的动力学特征和指导临床用药具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
将自然感染猪蛔虫的15头猪,随机分为5组,即多拉菌素高、中、低剂量组,伊维菌素对照组和空白对照组。多拉菌素驱杀猪蛔虫效果明显,且具有吸收分布快、消除缓慢和生物利用度高的特点。多拉菌素驱杀猪蛔虫效果确实可靠,其中高剂量和中剂量组更为显著,临床推荐剂量以300μg／kg体重为宜。  相似文献   

5.
目的　肯定多拉菌素防治绵羊痒螨病的效果 ,为临床应用提供科学依据。方法　试验分 5组 (多拉菌素高、中、低剂量组、伊维菌素对照组及空白对照组 ) ,根据试验前后螨虫寄生数量和临床变化判定疗效。结论　多拉菌素防治绵羊痒螨病效果确实可靠 ,其中以高剂量组和中剂量组最为显著 ,推荐剂量为中剂量组即 2 0 0 μg/kg体重  相似文献   

6.
为了验证多拉菌素对鸡体内犬蛔虫幼虫的治疗效果,为临床用药提供相关数据,现建立犬蛔虫幼虫感染2日龄的小鸡动物模型,将多拉菌素分别按高(300μg/kg)中(200μg/kg)低(100μg/kg)剂量作用于受感染的小鸡,并设置对照组。在给药后第1、2、3、4、5、6天剖检、分离小鸡肝、肺、肌肉、肾、心、脑等组织,用胃蛋白酶消化其组织并镜检计算减虫率,用统计学的方法分析结果,对比疗效。试验结果表明,高剂量(300μg/kg)的多拉菌素减虫率为89.77%,中剂量组的减虫率为80.12%,低剂量组的减虫率为78.43%,高剂量(300μg/kg)的多拉菌素减虫效果显著,临床用药推荐以高剂量300μg/kg效果好。  相似文献   

7.
多拉菌素在猪体内的药代动力学   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
对多拉菌素在猪体内进行为期45d的药代动力学研究。长白×杜洛克杂交猪10头,临床健康,驱净寄生虫,体重36～50kg,以300μg/kg体重剂量分别通过静脉和肌肉注射给药。动物给药后在不同时间内分点经颈静脉采血。血浆样品用乙腈沉淀处理,上清液过C18富集柱,用甲醇提取多拉菌素并进行衍生化反应,以反向HPLC测定猪血清中的药物浓度。药代动力学参数用计算机程序MCPKP进行处理。结果表明,动物经静脉和肌肉注射给药后,血浆药物浓度分别可测至30d和25d,2种途径的药物浓度时间曲线均符合二室开放模型。主要药代动力学参数为:静脉注射T1/2α(1.092±0.66)d,T1/2β(6.11±2.73)d,AUC(274.19±119.89)μg/(L·d);肌肉注射T1/2α(0.056±0.022)d,T1/2β(3.20±1.34)d,AUC(223.51±65.20)μg/(L·d),CMAX(28.99±10.69)μg/L,Tp(1.24±0.87)d。多拉菌素肌肉注射的生物利用度为81.5%。结果显示多拉菌素在猪体内具有吸收分布较迅速、体内分布容积大、消除缓慢和生物利用度相对较高的特点,提示多拉菌素在猪体内作用的长效性主要由该化合物的自身特性所决定,而与给药途径和使用的溶剂关系不大,研究结果对指导临床正确用药具有重要意义。  相似文献   

8.
多拉菌素驱除绵羊消化道线虫试验   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
目的　肯定多拉菌素驱除绵羊消化道线虫的效果,为临床用药提供科学依据。方法　试验分5组(多拉菌素高、中、低剂量组,伊维菌素对照组及空白对照组)。依试验前后寄生虫罹患数量进行比较得出结论。结论　多拉菌素驱除绵羊消化道线虫效果确实可靠,其中高剂量组和中剂量组药物残效期达50天,推荐剂量为中剂量组为200μg/kg体重。  相似文献   

9.
比较不同来源的多拉菌素对猪消化道线虫和体表寄生虫的驱杀效果,为临床应用该药提供科学依据。将自然感染寄生虫的猪,随机分为高、中、低3个剂量的药物试验组和不给药物治疗对照组,健康无寄生虫感染的猪作为对照,根据试验前和试验后7、14、28、35 d猪寄生虫数量和临床变化判定疗效。结果显示,海正多拉与辉瑞通灭对猪的体表寄生虫及消化道线虫均有极好的驱杀作用,临床推荐剂量以中剂量组300μg/kg·BW肌肉注射为宜。  相似文献   

10.
应用多拉菌素注射剂和伊维菌素浇泼剂微量给药,对自然感染皮蝇幼虫的犊牦牛进行驱虫效力研究。结果:给药后28~34d剖检和翌年3、5月份两次摸背检查远期防治效果,多拉菌素注射剂5μg/kg剂量组驱净率分别为85.0%和92.1%,驱虫率分别为93.6%、93.7%;10、20μg/kg剂量组均为100.0%。伊维菌素浇泼剂12.5μg/kg。剂量组驱净率分别为85.0%和91.2%,驱虫率分别为93.3%和93.2%;25、50μg/kg剂量组均为100.0%。对照组牦牛皮蝇1期幼虫感染率85.0%,平均感染强度29.7条;背部皮下瘤疱和皮肤虫孔的平均感染率84.1%,瘤疱和虫孔总数205个。试验证明供试两种药物使用微量驱除牦牛皮蝇1期幼虫高效安全经济,多拉菌素的最佳剂量为10μg/kg,伊维菌素的最佳剂量为25μg/kg。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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