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1.
1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮铜营养需要量的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究旨在通过研究饲粮铜添加水平对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育、抗氧化性能、肝脏和血清铜含量等的影响,以探讨1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡铜的营养需要量。选用1日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄羽肉公雏鸡1440只,根据体重随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡,组1(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(2.80 mg/kg铜),组2、3、4、5、6饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加4、8、16、32、64 mg/kg铜。试验期21 d。结果表明：本试验条件下,1)饲粮添加4和64 mg/kg铜显著提高试鸡平均日采食量( P<0.05),饲粮中铜添加水平对末重、平均日增重和料重比无显著影响( P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,8 mg/kg组法氏囊指数显著升高( P<0.05),而饲粮铜添加水平对胸腺和脾脏指数无显著影响( P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,8、16、32和64 mg/kg组血清和肝脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),各组间血清和肝脏丙二醛含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);添加16、32、64 mg/kg铜显著降低血清铜蓝蛋白活性(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,16、32和64 mg/kg组血清铜含量显著降低(P<0.05),铜添加水平对肝脏铜含量和肝脏金属硫蛋白含量影响不显著( P>0.05)。综合考虑各项指标,为获得较好生长性能和免疫器官发育、抗氧化性能,1~21日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡饲粮铜适宜添加水平为8 mg/kg,加上基础饲粮铜含量2.80 mg/kg,则该阶段黄羽肉鸡铜需要量为10.80 mg/kg;以血清CuZnSOD活性为依据,通过非线性回归分析估测得到1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡铜需要量为13.38 mg/kg。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮不同硒添加水平对1~21日龄岭南黄羽肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化性能的影响,以探讨快大型岭南黄羽肉仔鸡饲养前期的饲粮硒适宜供给量。选用1日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄羽肉公雏鸡1 200只,根据体重随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡,试验1组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(硒水平为0.039 mg/kg),试验2~5组饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加0.075、0.150、0.225和0.300 mg/kg硒,试验期21 d。结果表明:本试验条件下:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.300 mg/kg硒显著降低1~21日龄岭南黄羽肉仔鸡的末重(P0.05),显著提高料重比(P0.05),且0.300 mg/kg硒添加组的平均日增重显著低于其他各水平硒添加组(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.075和0.150 mg/kg硒显著提高21日龄岭南黄羽肉仔鸡的血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05),饲粮添加0.225和0.300 mg/kg硒显著降低血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。各水平硒添加组的红细胞GSH-Px活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.075、0.150和0.225mg/kg硒显著提高21日龄岭南黄羽肉仔鸡的肝脏GSH-Px活性(P0.05),0.075和0.150 mg/kg硒添加组的肝脏MDA含量显著低于对照组和0.300 mg/kg硒添加组(P0.05)。综合考虑,为获得较好生长性能和抗氧化性能,1~21日龄岭南黄羽肉仔鸡饲粮硒适宜添加水平为0.075 mg/kg,基础饲粮中硒水平为0.039 mg/kg,则1~21日龄岭南黄羽肉仔鸡饲粮硒适宜供给量为0.114 mg/kg;以肝脏MDA含量为依据,通过非线性回归分析估测得到1~21日龄岭南黄羽肉仔鸡饲粮硒适宜供给量为0.130 mg/kg。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清和肝脏维生素A含量及抗氧化能力的影响。选用22日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 440只,根据体重均衡原则随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只。各处理维生素A添加水平分别为0(对照组)、750、1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg。试鸡自由采食与饮水,饲养21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加维生素A显著提高试鸡42日龄体重和平均日增重(P<0.05),并显著降低料重比(P<0.05),添加维生素A 1 500、3 000 IU/kg显著提高试鸡平均日采食量(P<0.05)。2)随维生素A添加水平升高,试鸡血清、肝脏维生素A含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加维生素A 12 000 IU/kg组血清和肝脏维生素A含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),添加维生素A 3 000、6 000 IU/kg组血清维生素A含量显著高于除添加维生素A 12 000 IU/kg组外的其他各组(P<0.05),添加维生素A 6 000 IU/kg组肝脏维生素A含量显著高于除添加维生素A 12000 IU/kg组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮中添加维生素A 1 500、3 000、6 000 IU/kg可显著提高试鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力(P<0.05),添加维生素A可显著提高肝脏GSH-Px活力(P<0.05);添加维生素A 1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg可显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),添加维生素A 3 000 IU/kg可显著降低肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加维生素A 3 000～6 000 IU/kg能维持血清维生素A含量稳定,提高机体抗氧化能力,从而促进22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能、生殖器官发育以及血浆和肝脏生化指标的影响。选择288只产蛋率和体重接近的45周龄岭南黄羽肉种母鸡,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10、20、30 mg/kg植物精油。试验期10周。结果显示:1)饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡的平均日产蛋重、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、合格蛋率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)对照组的蛋白高度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),对照组的哈氏单位显著低于10和20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的蛋壳厚度显著低于20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。3)对照组的受精蛋孵化率显著低于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。4)对照组的卵巢系数显著低于10和20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的输卵管重量和输卵管系数显著低于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。5)对照组的血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的肝脏甘油三酯含量显著高于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加植物精油不影响黄羽肉种鸡的产蛋性能,但能够改善蛋品质,提高受精蛋孵化率和生殖器官(输卵管和卵巢)系数,降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和肝脏甘油三酯含量。本试验条件下,产蛋期黄羽肉种鸡饲粮植物精油适宜添加水平为10~20 mg/kg。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究饲粮铜添加水平对5～8周龄泰和乌骨鸡生产性能及组织黑色素含量的影响。选用29日龄泰和乌骨鸡270只,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验鸡饲喂在基础饲粮(铜含量为4.77 mg/kg)中分别添加0、5、15、30、60、125 mg/kg铜的饲粮,饲养至56日龄。结果表明:饲粮添加适量铜可显著影响5～8周龄泰和乌骨鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比(P<0.05),且在30 mg/kg时生产性能达到最佳。饲粮添加适量铜可显著或极显著影响血清、肝脏、肾脏、皮肤及肌肉的黑色素含量及酪氨酸酶活性(P<0.05或P<0.01),并呈现出随饲粮铜添加水平的提高先升后降的趋势。当饲粮铜添加水平为30 mg/kg时,血清和组织酪氨酸酶活性及组织黑色素含量达到峰值。由此可知,玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加铜可提高生产性能和组织黑色素含量,其适宜添加水平为30 mg/kg。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平D-泛酸钙对1~70日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,以确定黄羽肉鸡饲粮中D-泛酸钙的适宜添加水平。试验选取960羽1日龄健康黄羽肉公鸡(梅黄1号),随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复20羽。6个组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、10、15、20、25和30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙。试验期70 d,分为前期(1~35日龄)和后期(36~70日龄)2个阶段。结果表明:1)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡1~35日龄平均日增重(ADG)、36~70日龄料重比(F/G)以及1~70日龄ADG和F/G均呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加20 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高1~70日龄ADG(P<0.05),饲粮中添加15~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低1~70日龄F/G(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡胸肌滴水损失呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加10~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低胸肌滴水损失(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡35和70日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15~25 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高血清T-AOC(P<0.05),饲粮中添加10~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低血清MDA含量(P<0.05)。4)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡35和70日龄血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15和20 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著提高血清IgG含量(P<0.05)。5)随着饲粮中D-泛酸钙添加水平的提高,肉鸡70日龄血清白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15~30 mg/kg的D-泛酸钙显著降低血清IL-6和TNF-α含量(P<0.05)。6)以生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能为评价指标,通过二次曲线回归分析,1~35日龄和36~70日龄肉鸡饲粮中D-泛酸钙的适宜添加水平分别为19.73~25.21 mg/kg和14.97~23.40 mg/kg。综上所述,饲粮中添加D-泛酸钙可提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能,经综合评价,推荐黄羽肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮中D-泛酸钙的添加水平为14.97~25.21 mg/kg。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究厚朴总酚对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响。试验选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡360只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮;抗生素组1～28日龄饲喂基础饲粮+20 mg/kg抗敌素和12 mg/kg黄霉素,29～56日龄饲喂基础饲粮+12 mg/kg黄霉素;厚朴总酚添加组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、150和250 mg/kg厚朴总酚的饲粮。试验期56 d。结果表明:1) 29～56日龄和1～56日龄,50 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡平均日采食量显著高于抗生素组(P0.05),黄羽肉鸡料重比随厚朴总酚添加水平的提高呈现二次变化(P0.05)。2) 56日龄时,50和150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌pH(45 min和24 h)与抗生素组相比显著提高(P0.05),且150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌肉色45 min红度值显著高于其他各组(P0.05),150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌滴水损失(24 h)和失水率显著低于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。3) 28日龄时,150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶活性与抗生素组差异不显著(P0.05),且血清SOD活性显著高于其他组(P0.05); 56日龄时,150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡肝脏丙二醛含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加厚朴总酚能提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能,改善肉品质,增强抗氧化功能,且以150 mg/kg的添加水平为佳。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素E水平对22～42日龄岭南黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选用1 440只22日龄岭南黄羽肉鸡公鸡,共设6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只鸡。试验采用玉米淀粉-豆粕型基础饲粮,各处理间除饲粮维生素E水平不同外,其他营养水平均一致。处理1(空白对照组,维生素E含量为3.59 mg/kg)为基础饲粮,处理2～6分别在基础饲粮中添加5、10、20、40、80 mg/kg维生素E。试验期21 d。试鸡地面平养,自由采食颗粒料和自由饮水。结果表明:饲粮中添加维生素E有降低试鸡饲料采食量的趋势(P=0.051),但对平均日增重、饲料增重比、胴体品质、脾脏指数、胸腺指数均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮添加80 mg/kg维生素E显著提高了法氏囊指数(P<0.05),添加10、20、40和80 mg/kg维生素E显著降低了血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量(P<0.05),添加5、10mg/kg维生素E使试鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别提高了16.93%和23.46%(P<0.05),添加20 mg/kg维生素E显著提高了血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P<0.05)。饲粮添加5、10、40、80 mg/kg维生素E显著提高了肝脏中α-生育酚含量(P<0.05),添加各水平维生素E均显著降低了肝脏中丙二醛含量(P<0.05),添加10、20 mg/kg维生素E显著提高了试鸡肌肉中T-SOD活性(P<0.05)。试验结果提示,仅考虑生长性能,玉米-豆粕型饲粮中不需添加维生素E;综合各抗氧化指标,经方差分析和多重比较得到22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮维生素E适宜水平为13.59～23.59 mg/kg;以血清TNF-α含量、T-SOD活性为评定指标,经回归分析得出饲粮维生素E适宜水平分别为59.88和46.64 mg/kg。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在考察叶酸添加水平对肉仔鸡血清中脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)含量以及肝脏中脂肪代谢相关基因表达和甲基化的影响。选择1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡300只,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸的试验饲粮。试验期为42 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加10 mg/kg叶酸显著降低了21日龄肉仔鸡血清中LPL活性(P<0.05);饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸极显著降低了42日龄肉仔鸡血清中LPL活性(P<0.01),极显著提高了21和42日龄肉仔鸡血清中PPARγ含量(P<0.01),极显著降低了21和42日龄肉仔鸡血清中FAS活性(P<0.01)。2)实时荧光定量PCR结果发现,饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸均未显著影响42日龄肉仔鸡肝脏中LPL和PPARγ基因的相对表达量(P>0.05),但均显著降低了FAS基因的相对表达量(P <0.05)。3)甲基化分析显示,饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸均未显著影响42日龄肉仔鸡肝脏中LPL和PPARγ基因的甲基化比率(P>0.05),但饲粮中添加5 mg/kg叶酸极显著提高了42日龄肉仔鸡肝脏中FAS基因的甲基化比率(P<0.01)。由此得出,饲粮中添加5和10 mg/kg叶酸极显著降低了42日龄肉仔鸡血清中LPL和FAS的活性,极显著增加了PPARγ的含量,显著降低了肝脏中FAS基因的表达;此外,饲粮中添加5 mg/kg叶酸还极显著提高了42日龄肉仔鸡肝脏中FAS基因的甲基化水平。  相似文献   

10.
试验旨在研究饲粮不同硒水平对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标的影响,探讨黄羽肉鸡饲养后期的硒需要量。选用43日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄肉公鸡1 200只,根据体重随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡,试验组1(对照组)为基础饲粮组(硒含量0.036 mg/kg),试验组2、3、4、5饲粮则在基础饲粮中分别添加0.075、0.150、0.225、0.300 mg/kg硒。试验期为21 d。结果显示:(1)0.150、0.225、0.300 mg/kg硒添加组血浆和红细胞GSH-Px活力显著高于对照组和0.075 mg/kg硒添加组(P0.05),0.150、0.225、0.300 mg/kg硒添加组血浆MDA含量显著低于其他各组(P0.05);(2)各硒添加组肝脏GSH-Px活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),而0.075 mg/kg硒添加组GSH-Px活力显著低于其他硒添加组(P0.05),0.225和0.300 mg/kg硒添加组肝脏MDA含量显著高于其他组(P0.05)。综合考虑:为获得较好抗氧化指标,43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮硒适宜添加水平为0.15 mg/kg,加上基础饲粮硒含量为0.036 mg/kg,则43~63日龄黄羽肉鸡硒需要量为0.186 mg/kg;以肝脏GSH-Px活性为依据,通过非线性回归分析估测得到43~63日龄黄羽肉鸡硒需要量为0.160 mg/kg。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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