共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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渗透压调节与鱼类生命活动密切相关。近年来,广盐性鱼类复杂的渗透压调节机制逐渐成为国内外鱼类生理学研究热点之一。然而,国际上对硬骨鱼类盐度调控的相关研究更多的偏重于渗透压调节机理,研究层次虽广,但深度不够。暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu fasciatus)作为典型的广盐性鱼类,也是我国重要的养殖鱼类之一。本文从渗透压调节分子(离子转运体如Na~+,K~+-ATPase)、细胞(氯细胞)、组织器官(鳃、肾、肠)、系统的水平上总结了近年来有关暗纹东方鲀渗透压调节方面的研究成果,并在此基础上对下一步的重点研究方向进行了展望。本综述可为全面了解暗纹东方鲀渗透压调节的研究进展及对广盐性鱼类渗透压调节机制的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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为了研究盐度对瘤背石磺不同部位Na+/K+-ATP酶活性、围心腔液和腹腔液渗透压及离子含量(Na+、K+和Cl-)的影响,选取健康的瘤背石磺[湿重(10.24±2.16)g]600只,在不同盐度条件下(5、15、25、35和45)采用模拟生态环境的方式饲养30 d后测定各项指标.结果显示:(1)瘤背石磺腹腔液和围心腔液的盐度和渗透压均随着环境盐度的升高而增高,腹腔液的盐度和渗透压的变动幅度分别为25～ 43和514 ～ 796 mOsm/kg,其增高幅度均大于围心腔液(分别为23 ～ 28和502～ 726 mOsm/kg);(2)围心腔液中Na+、Cl-和K+含量随环境盐度的变化具有一致性,均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且各离子浓度均在盐度25时达到最大值,分别为295.50、322.50和5.15 mmol/L,但盐度对Na+和Cl-含量有显著影响,对K+含量无显著影响.(3)瘤背石磺不同部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性具有组织特异性,贲门胃、肠、表皮、肌肉和围心腔膜等部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性较高,同时,盐度激活不同部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性具有显著差异性,肌肉和贲门胃的Na +/K+-ATP酶在低盐度时活性较高,而肠、肾及围心腔膜等在高盐度时Na+/K+-ATP酶被激活,酶活性较高.研究表明:盐度能显著影响瘤背石磺腹腔液和围心腔液的渗透压和离子浓度以及各器官的Na+/K+-ATP酶活性,贲门胃、肠和肌肉等均是其离子转运和渗透调节的主要部位,具有较强的渗透压调节能力. 相似文献
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采用微型冰点渗透压仪、荧光定量PCR和酶活力测定的方法分析淡化对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)存活率、体内渗透压及Na~+/K~+-ATPase基因表达和酶活力的影响。结果表明,养殖水体盐度由12‰下降到0‰过程中,虾苗存活率和活力始终维持一个较高的水平。对虾体内渗透压随着水体盐度的降低而降低,但没有显著差异。渗透压调节关键基因Na~+/K~+-ATPase mRNA表达水平和酶活力在水体盐度12‰下降到9‰过程中显著升高,之后随着水体盐度的下降表达量显著降低,最后在6‰下降到0‰过程中趋于平缓。 相似文献
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以福瑞鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为材料,研究不同浓度氨氮(0、10、20和30 mg/L)处理对幼鱼鳃组织中抗氧化系统和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力的影响。结果显示,氨氮胁迫6 h诱导H_2O_2含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性迅速显著升高,并在胁迫24 h时达到最高水平。胁迫96 h后,各处理组H2O2含量、SOD活性和总抗氧化能力均低于对照组水平,MDA含量显著增加。氨氮胁迫后,Na~+/K~+-ATP酶基因转录水平和蛋白活性呈先降低后升高又降低的变化趋势,参与胁迫过程中渗透压的调控。研究结果表明,低浓度氨氮胁迫后,福瑞鲤鳃组织通过调节细胞抗氧化能力,提高Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性,有效改善鱼体的抗氨氮胁迫能力,但是高浓度氨氮胁迫对鳃组织造成氧化损伤。 相似文献
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从刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)低盐转录组数据库中选取与应激(热休克蛋白70基因)和离子传递(甘氨酸转运蛋白基因、锌转运蛋白基因、神经乙酰胆碱受体基因)相关的4个差异表达基因,利用qRT-PCR技术分析这4个基因在不同组织中的表达水平及低盐对其表达丰度的影响.结果表明甘氨酸转运蛋白基因在刺参呼吸树中表达水平最高,肠次之,体腔液表达较低;锌指蛋白基因和神经乙酰胆碱受体基因均在体腔液中表达最高,肠次之,在呼吸树中不表达;热休克蛋白70基因在体腔液中表达量最高,其次是呼吸树和肠组织.低盐胁迫下这4种基因的表达量均随着胁迫时间的延长呈波动性增减,其中甘氨酸转运蛋白在体腔液中的表达低于正常表达水平,在胁迫后3h时达到最低表达量.神经乙酰胆碱受体基因除在体腔液中48 h出现明显的上调外,在体腔液其他时间点和肠组织中处于下调表达状态.低盐胁迫下这4个基因表达丰度的变化,说明这些基因或作为功能蛋白直接参与机体的代谢调节,或作为调控蛋白调节胁迫功能蛋白的表达和活性来提高刺参对低盐胁迫的耐受能力.研究结果可为刺参盐度调节适应机制的研究奠定基础. 相似文献
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为了探索暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)响应盐度变化的渗透压调节机制,本研究将淡水养殖的幼鱼转移至盐度34的海水中进行盐度适应,检测了盐度适应不同时间(1、2、3、5、7、10和14 d)后,Na+和Cl–转运蛋白(NHE1)、Na+和葡萄糖转运蛋白(SLC5A1、SLC5A2)、Mg2+转运蛋白(SLC41A1、TRPM6、TRPM7)、Ca2+转运蛋白(Atp2b2)、SO42–转运蛋白(SLC13A1、SLC26A1)以及水通道蛋白(AQP1、AQP10)这11个渗透压调节相关基因在肾脏和肠道中的表达变化情况。研究结果显示,暗纹东方鲀适应盐度变化的14 d中,NHE1、SLC5A2、SLC41A1、SLC26A1、AQP15个基因的表达变化极其显著,在肾脏中的表达显著升高,最高表达水平可以达到淡水组的30～100倍;但在肠道中,除SLC26A1的表达仍呈上升趋势外,其他4个基因的表达均出现显著的下降,最低下降了4... 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼鳃Na+/HCO3-共转运子、碳酸酐酶基因表达的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了探讨盐碱胁迫条件下鱼类渗透生理调节机制,以尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为实验材料, PCR扩增得到了Na+/3HCO-共转运子(NBCe1)基因cDNA部分序列,比较了单盐(盐度10、盐度15)、单碱(1.5 g/L、3 g/L NaHCO3)、盐碱混合(盐度10,碱度1.5 g/L;盐度15,碱度3 g/L)胁迫后不同时间(0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h)血清渗透压、离子浓度(Na+、K+、Cl–、Ca2+)以及鳃碳酸酐酶(CA)活性、CA与NBCe1基因mRNA表达变化。结果显示,不同胁迫条件下,血清渗透压、离子浓度、鳃组织 CA 酶活、CA 与 NBCe1基因 mRNA 表达变化均与胁迫强度呈正相关。随时间推移,血清渗透压、离子浓度呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,单盐、盐碱混合组血清渗透压值较单碱组高。单盐、单碱、盐碱混合组中, NBCe1基因mRNA在鳃中均呈略微上调,但不显著(P>0.05)。单碱组和盐碱混合组鳃CA活性较单盐组高,低盐碱胁迫(盐度10,碱度1.5 g/L)下CA活性较晚达最高值;不同胁迫条件下, CA基因mRNA表达均表现上调,单碱、盐碱混合组更为显著(P<0.05),推测CA较NBCe1对体内3HCO-转运作用更为显著。研究结果为尼罗罗非鱼盐碱适应生理调节提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫下青海湖裸鲤鳃基因表达差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用抑制消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术,研究了青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocyprisprzewalskii)在高盐碱胁迫下转录水平上的基因表达差异,实验获得差异表达序列91条,其中成功注释60条。以同是鲤科鱼类的斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的基因ID作为参照,用DAVID软件对这些序列进行功能分类,结果从正向文库获得28条功能基因片段,反向文库获得14条。按功能将其分为10类,其中,催化活性、细胞、部分结合相关基因表达上调,结合、免疫相关基因表达下调。分析发现,高盐碱胁迫会改变鱼类的渗透压和酸碱平衡,对免疫系统产生一定的抑制作用,对此,鱼类通过增强离子调控、提高血清尿素氮浓度、合成应激蛋白等,来维持渗透压和酸碱平衡,缓解应激反应。 相似文献
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溶解于水中的各种盐类,主要通过水的渗透压影响鱼类的生活,它关系到鱼类的分布、洄游、生长、发育和繁殖等很多生命活动。随着全球气候不断恶化的影响,水域盐碱化面积在我国北方地区不断扩大,许多不耐盐碱的淡水生物逐渐消失,少数喜盐或耐盐碱种类也因水域盐碱含量的升高面临考验。如何提高鱼类的耐盐碱特性,增加盐碱水域养殖鱼类品种已成为鱼类育种研究的工作重点。针对催乳素在鱼类耐盐碱生理生化过程中发挥的重要作用,本文对鱼类催乳素基因的结构,催乳素的分布、功能及其在渗透压调节中的作用等研究进展进行了概述。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献