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1.
The nutritional components and poisonous elements in flowers of Camellia chekiangoleosa, C. polydonta, C. semiserrata and C. azalea were studied. The results indicated that the soluble sugar content of the four Camellia flowers had no difference. The maximum protein content was 82.9 g·kg-1, detected in the flower of C. semiserrata. And the minimum protein content was 56.8 g·kg-1, found in C. azalea. Vitamin C and β-carotene contents in C. azalea and C. semiserrata were higher, and in C. polydonta and C. chekiangoleosa were lower. The total amino acid contents of the four Camellia were 68.41、67.26、50.77、66.87 g·kg-1 respectively, the essential amino acid contents were 33.86、32.70、27.21、33.79 g·kg-1 respectively, and the proportion of essential amino acid in total amino acid of the four Camellia were 49.50%, 48.62%, 53.59% and 50.53% respectively. The contents of Ca, Mn and Cu in C. chekiangoleosa were the highest. Zn and Se contents were the maximum and Ca was the minimum in C. polydonta. The contents of Fe and Se were the lowest in C. semiserrata. Fe content were the maximum and Mn, Zn and Cu the minimum in C. azalea. The trace element contents in the flower of the four Camellia species followed the order of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, but the content of Fe was higher than that of Mn in C. azalea. The contents of Pb, Cd, As and Hg of the four Camellia flower were all lower than the permissible amount. 相似文献
2.
Oil content from seed kernels of Xanthoceras sorbifolia from 13 areas in China was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine oil characteristics and biodiesel properties. The seeds had a high kernel percentage (53.67%± 7.51), oil content (52.21%± 4.01), and biodiesel yield (99.77%± 0.21). Among the fatty acids in the oil were high percentages of linoleic acid (41.66 ± 2.26)% and oleic acid (28.44%± 2.03). Most of the fuel properties complied well with the ASTM D6751-10, EN 14214-08, and GB/T 20828-2014 standards. The 13 sampling areas were grouped into four clusters based on different kernel percentage, oil content, biodiesel yield, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the quality of kernel oils from seeds from Ar Horqin Banner was the best, although kernel oils from seeds in all 13 areas were suitable for biodiesel production. This study provides a basis for selecting optimal sites to harvest seeds from X. sorbifolia. 相似文献
3.
The study aims at compare and analyze the variation pattern of the phenotype characters and starch content of Quercus mongolica seed of different provenances. The length, width, length/width ratio, single kernel weight of Q. mongolica seeds from 16 natural distribution regions in China were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences among seeds from different region in seed characters. The length and width of seeds ranged from 14.76 mm to 21.08 mm and from 11.87 mm to 15.31 mm, respectively. The length/width ratio of seeds ranged from 1.21 to 1.49. The single kernel weight ranged from 0.60 g to 1.78 g and the contents of starch ranged from 4.42 g·kg-1 to 5.48 g·kg-1. The length of seeds has a extremely significant positive correlation with the width and weight of seed, and the width of seed had a significant positive correlation with the weight of seed. The seed width has a significant positive correlation with contents of starch. The width of seeds had a significant negative correlation with altitude, and had a positive correlation with July’s mean temperature. The weight of seed had a significant positive correlation with July's mean temperature too. The correlation of the other phenotypic character and starch content of Q. mongolica seed to geographical climate factors was not significant. According to the results of cluster analysis, sixteen Q. mongolica provenances could be divided into three groups with big fruit and high starch content, middle fruit and starch content, small fruit and low starch content, in which the provenances from Dailing of Heilongjiang Province, Benxi of Liaoning Province and Dayangshu of Inner Mongolia were the superior provenances. 相似文献
4.
Azadirachta indica seed samples were collected from four different agro-ecological regions(AERs) viz.,AER-2,AER-4,AER-5A and AER-5B of Gujarat state,India during 2000 to 2002 with an aim to assess variability in azadirachtin,oil and fatty acids content of the seeds and assess correlation of these parameters with morphological characters.Azadirachtin,oil and fatty acids content indicated significant(p<0.01) variations between years and AERs in Gujarat.The azadirachtin ranged from 142 to 9 527 μg·g-1 seed kernel with an average of 2 426 μg·g-1 for the state.AER-5B recorded highest azadirachtin and oil content.Fatty acid composition was found to be affected by environmental factors particularly varying degree of annual rainfall and temperature during fruit ripening period.Conclusively trees growing in AER-5B performed better in term of azadirachtin,oil and stearic acid content.Tree girth at breast height showed no significant relation with these biochemicals. 相似文献
5.
《林业研究》2016,(2)
From four Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)orchards, 60 clones were selected and analyzed for the fatty acid and amino acid components of the seeds to reveal the variations and correlations of the seed characteristics among the clonal source orchards and clones. The nutritional components of the seeds of the P. koraiensis trees exhibited rich genetic variation; the variation coefficient of the fatty acids was 2.24–66.83 %, while the variation coefficient of the amino acids was 14.70–38.88 %. Relatively high genetic-improvement potential exists for the nutritional components of the seeds. The phenotypic differentiation of the fatty acid and amino acid components reveals that variation within the population(85.18 %) was the primary source for the variation of the fatty acid components; variation among the orchards(63.08 %) was the primary source of the variation of the amino acid components. Data drawn from various clonal source orchards all showed that the seed characteristics were highly controlled by heritability(h2[ 80 %), and the seed characteristics of the P. koraiensis trees exhibited a similar genetic gain trend. The principal components were analyzed to obtain the comprehensive principal component value for each clonal seed orchard. Twelve clones were selected based on a clonal selection rate of 20 %. Correlation and multiple stepwise-regression analyses were conducted, considering different location conditions, to reveal the stable correlations between the seed characteristics to facilitate improvements of the seed yield of P.koraiensis trees and the clonal selection. Species of real characteristics in P. koraiensis were controlled by higher heritability. Genetic gain was obtained by selecting of superior clones. 相似文献
6.
Tropical forests contain many tree species that have supplied edible fruits for centuries.These fruits have contributed to human diets due to their richness in nutrients,vitamins,minerals,antioxidants and their low antinutrients content.We investigated the antioxidant,nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garcinia kola and Chrysophyllum albidum fruit parts.The nutritional,anti-nutritional and antioxidant compositions differed depending on the fruit part.Irrespective of fruit part,moisture content was high(72–93 %).While the edible part(fruit pulp) of C.albidum proved a better source of protein(4),fibre(17 %) and fat(2 %),the seed kernel was a better source of ash(2 %) and carbohydrate(15 %).Carbohydrate(22 %),protein(2 %),fat(1 %) and fibre(3 %) were higher in G.kola seed kernel(edible part) than in the pulp and pod.Anti-nutrient content in G.kola and C.albidum fruits was low,indicating that their consumption would not pose nutritional or health problems.The antioxidant compositions(especially phenolic content(10–21 mg g-1) and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl–2 picrylhydrazyl)(26–55 %)) of C.albidum fruit pulp and G.kola seed kernel were high,implying that they could be good sources of natural antioxidants and could be used as supplements in food manufacturing. 相似文献
7.
Madhuca latifolia Macb.commonly known as Indian butter tree,is an open-pollinated plant.Improvement in seed and oil yields depends on the progress in the desired characters in the base material and the genetic variability available in the collected germplasm.We evaluated 23 genotypes of M.latifolia to understand genetic variability,character association and divergence in seed traits and oil content for use in breeding programs.Variation was recorded in seed length(27.3–38.6 mm),seed breadth(15.6–19.1 mm),two dimensional(2D) surface area(328.3–495.4 mm2),100 seed weight(216.8–285.3 g),acid value(13.4–25.8 mg KOH/g),iodine number(62.4–78.6) and oil content(37.8–51.0 %).High estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation,broad senseheritability and genetic gain were observed for seed oil content.Variability studies for seed traits revealed that genotype CPT-16 had the highest 100-seed weight(281.5 g) and oil content(51 %).Highly significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations were observed.The100-seed weight was positively and significantly correlated with oil content at both phenotypic(r = 0.57) and genotypic(r = 0.60) levels.Cluster analysis of the scores of the first three principle components(80.83 %) resulted in four clusters,consisting of 4,7,3 and 9 genotypes in the first,second,third and fourth clusters,respectively.Cluster 3was distinguished from others based on significantly higher means for most seed traits except seed breadth,acid value,iodine number and oil content.Cluster 1 appeared more divergent as it had significantly higher means for acid value and iodine number.A comparative assessment of means of the four clusters for 100-seed weight and oil content suggested that cluster 3 would be useful for higher 100-seed weight and oil content.Hence these genotypes,CPT-3,CPT-6 and CPT-15 in cluster 3 can be used for direct selection and utilization in breeding programs. 相似文献
8.
An aqueous enzymatic extraction method was used to extract oil from oil-tea camellia seed (Camellia oleifera). The factors influencing the yield rate such as enzyme kind, addition methods, concentration of enzyme, enzymatic hydrolysis time and temperature, and ration of solid to liquid were investigated. The results are as following: The acid protease and cellulase have higher oil yield rate than the other treatments, but there is no significant difference between acid protease and cellulase (P<0.05). By directly adding acid protease to seed slurry of oil-tea camellia seed, more oil yield rate can be gotten than those treatments which added acid protease to ground slurry or filtered ground slurry. By single factor experiment, the optimum conditions of enzymolysis are: the concentration of acid protease, 0.1 % (w/w); the enzymolysis temperature and time, 55 ℃ and 3 h, respectively; and the ratio of solid to liquid, 1∶ 10. 相似文献
9.
Camellia oleifera is one of the important oil tree species in south China, and C. oleifera industry is quickly developed with the support of the national policies in recent years. The disorder of C. oleifera varieties is one of the key issues restricting the development of C. oleifera industry. Because of high polymorphism, good repeatability, less use of DNA and so on, SRAP as a new marker was used in identification of cultivars, analysis of genetic resources and genetic diversity in recent years. In this paper, the orthogonal design was used to optimize SRAP-PCR system for C. oleifera by 5 factors (Mg2+, dNTPs, primer, Taq polymerase, DNA template) and 4 levels, respectively. The data were analyzed by software SPSS V13.0. A suitable SRAP-PCR system (20 μL) was established as: 75 ng DNA template, 1.5 mmol·L-1 Mg2+, 0.15 mmol·L-1 dNTPs, 1U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.4 μmol·L-1 primer, 1×PCR buffer. The result of optimal SRAP-PCR system will provide a foundation for the identification of C. oleifera cultivars. 相似文献
10.
The physical and chemical properties of seed oil from 88 non-food biodiesel plants species with the oil content >30% in Xiangxi region were analyzed, evaluated and screened by measurement of acid value, iodine value, saponification value and the components of fatty acids. The results showed that within the 88 species, the acid value, iodine value, saponification value and linolenic acid in the oil ranged from 0.63-202.35 mg/g, 1.85%-288.26%, 70.72-576.16 mg/g and 0.02%-63.93 %, respectively. According to the evaluation standard in Xiangxi region, 14 species of 88 non-food biodiesel plants species were preliminarily screened. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) from 8 evaluation indexes, belonging to three classes, i.e., the specie natural property, seed oil physicochemical property and the oil composition content, these 11 non-grain biodiesel plants were evaluated and ranked as Lindera reflexa>Glochidion puberum>Carya hunanensis>Arctium lappa>Chimonanthus praecox>Sloanea sinensis>Corylus chinensis>Decaisnea insignis>Symplocos paniculata>Camellia cuspidata>Koelreuteria bipinnata. Combing the biological traits of these species, it was proposed that L. reflexa,C. hunanensis,A. lappa,C. praecox and S. paniculata were suitable for the biodiesel development in Xiangxi region, among which four species (L. reflexa and C. hunanensis) showed the largest potentiality. © 2018, Editorial Board of «Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products». All right reserved. 相似文献
11.
The methanol extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizome, given orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w., showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. Among the fractions, tested at 250 mg/kg, the petroleum ether fraction (PEF) and residual methanol fraction (RMF) were found to retain the activity, the latter being more active as compared to the control. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) did not show any antidiarrhoeal activity. 相似文献
12.
Menezes IA Marques MS Santos TC Dias KS Silva AB Mello IC Lisboa AC Alves PB Cavalcanti SC Marçal RM Antoniolli AR 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(3):192-195
The essential oil of the Hyptis fruticosa leaves was analyzed by GC/MS and evaluated for antinociceptive property as well as acute toxicity in mice. The essential oil, at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (s.c.), produced significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing, but did not manifest a significant effect in hot-plate test. There was no acute toxicity at doses up to 5 g/kg. Bicyclogermacrene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, and beta-caryophyllene were the major compounds detected in the essential oil. 相似文献
13.
The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Grindelia robusta aerial parts from central Italy was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and 45 components were identified. Borneol (15.2%), alpha pinene (10.3%), trans-pinocarveol (7.0%), bornyl acetate (4.5%), limonene (4.3%) were the main components. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH and 5-lipoxygenase tests. 相似文献
14.
The Celastrus oil, extracted from seeds of Celastrus paniculatus tested at 2 dose levels (1 and 1.5 g/kg), exhibited significant anxiolytic activity and did not produce tolerance. The non-sedative nature and reversal of buspirone induced behaviour (in open field exploration) point to the serotonergic mechanism underlying the anxiolysis, inspiring further research. 相似文献
15.
The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. alpha-Terpinyl acetate, sabinene, isobornyl acetate and limonene were found to be the major components. The oil showed relatively strong antibacterial activities against Gram (+) bacteria and some fungi. 相似文献
16.
The anti-diarrheal activity of methanol extract of dried bark and aerial parts of Litsea polyantha (MELP) has been evaluated in mice using different models (castor oil-induced diarrhea and propulsive gut motility in mice). MELP (50, 75, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P<0.01) reduced the onset of diarrhea, fecal excretion and also showed a significant (P<0.001) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in mice. The results of the study support the folklore use of the plant for diarrheal remedies. 相似文献
17.
Santos MR Carvalho AA Medeiros IA Alves PB Marchioro M Antoniolli AR 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(3):186-191
In non-anesthetized normotensive rats, Hyptis fruticosa essential oil (HFEO, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg; i.v.) induced hypotension associated with tachycardia. In intact and isolated rings of rat superior mesenteric artery (control), HFEO (1-1000 microg/ml, n=6, cumulatively) induced concentration-dependent relaxations of tonus induced by 10 microM phenylephrine (Phe) (pD(2)=2.6+/-0.27; E(max)=64+/-8.3%). In denuded endothelium pre-contracted rings with Phe or K(+)-depolarizing solution (80 mM), the concentration-response curves to HFEO were not shifted (pD(2)=2.3+/-0.25 and 2.3+/-0.28, respectively), but their maximal responses were significantly (P<0.05 vs control) increased (E(max)=122.3+/-18.2% and 92+/-3.6%, respectively). HFEO was also capable of antagonizing the concentration-response curves to CaCl(2) (3 microM-30 mM) in a dose-dependent manner. 相似文献
18.
The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from Solidago microglossa roots, essential oil from its aerial part and some isolated compounds was investigated. The oil exhibited concentration-dependent activity against all the tested bacteria and yeasts. 相似文献
19.
选择38个腾冲红花油茶优株,设置八成熟采果、近生理成熟采果与及时脱粒、堆沤12d后脱粒组合而成的4种果实采收脱粒处理,对其主要产量、品质指标进行测定和分析.结果表明:4种处理间产量、品质达极显著差异(P＜0.01);果实八成熟采收导致产量严重损失,其仁油率、籽油率、果油率分别降低11.9％、18.2％和31.7％,籽油酸价亦降低10.5％而利于储存;近生理成熟采收“堆沤”处理与及时脱粒比较,其仁油率降低4.5％,而籽油酸价则提高7.3％;因此,腾冲红花油茶果实宜在生理成熟时采收并及时脱粒.研究结果为确定腾冲红花油茶果实合适采收期和采后处理方式提供了技术依据. 相似文献
20.
Epoxysesquithujene, a new sesquiterpene epoxide has been characterized in the essential oil of Valeriana hardwickii var. hardwickii on the basis of chemical reactions and extensive NMR data. Fourteen other terpenoids have also been identified on the basis of GC-MS. 相似文献