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为了解西江流域广西境内卷口鱼(Ptychidio jordani)种群遗传结构及分化程度,采用线粒体Cytb基因序列对西江流域广西境内6个江段的139尾野生卷口鱼的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果显示,线粒体Cytb基因长度为1 053 bp,碱基T、C、A、G的平均含量分别为29.1%、27.7%、29.3%、13.9%,其中A+T (58.4%)高于C+G(41.6%)。共定义20个单倍型,并聚为2个分支,未观察到明显的地理聚群。6个卷口鱼群体的平均单倍型多样性和平均核苷酸多样性分别为0.768 2、0.002 3,其中红水河群体(单倍型多样性h=0.748 7,核苷酸多样性π=0.003 3)遗传多样性最高,柳江群体(h=0.274 4,π=0.000 4)和左江群体(h=0.374 7,π=0.000 3)的遗传多样性相对较低。卷口鱼总体的遗传分化指数(F_(ST))为0.461 4 (P0.01),表现出较大的遗传分化。两两群体间遗传分化结果显示,左江和柳江种群之间的遗传分化程度最大,而柳江和西江之间最小。AMOVA分析表明西江流域的卷口鱼群体遗传变异一半来自群体内(53.86%),一半来自群体间(46.14%)。中性检验(Tajima's D=-1.082 8,P0.05;Fu's Fs=-6.572 5, 0.01P0.05)与碱基错配分布分析表明西江流域卷口鱼种群大约在0.07～0.187 Ma经历了种群扩张。综上,西江流域广西境内的卷口鱼柳江群体和左江群体遗传多样性较低,总群体分化程度较大,但仍属于一个种群,其中空间距离与地理阻隔对卷口鱼的遗传分化具有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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以洞庭湖和原种场长吻（Leiocassis longirostris）为研究对象,采用20个随机引物对10个野生个体进行了随机扩增多态性DNA（random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD）群体遗传多样性分析。共检测到103条带,每个引物产生的条带数在2～9之间,片段大小在0.2～3.0kb之间,多态座位比例为41.75%,2群体内个体间遗传相似系数和遗传距离分别是,洞庭湖个体间遗传相似性系数（S）0.8795～0.9833,遗传距离（D）0.0167～0.1205;原种场个体间S为0.8794～0.9892,D为0.0319～0.1108;比较2群体S为0.7983～0.9994,D为0.0167～0.3017;Nei遗传多样性指数（He）0.3269。结果表明,长吻群体内遗传多样性较为丰富。 相似文献
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以产于广东和广西两省海区的7个野生文蛤(Meretrixmeretrix)群体为实验对象,结合形态特征、生长性能分析与核基因DNA的RAPD标记,对其遗传多样性进行系统研究,结果表明,在贝壳形态方面,广西各群体的平均壳长、平均壳高、平均壳宽、壳重和总重都明显大于广东群体(P<0.01);在生长性能方面,广西群体的壳宽系数、壳重指数、肥满度指数也高于广东群体(P<0.01)。RAPD分析共筛选了120个随机引物,其中,61种引物呈阳性反应,至少10种引物的扩增带表现出丰富、稳定的多态性。本实验用10个随机引物扩增出78个位点;平均每个引物在每个个体扩增出3.32条带。其中,引物8747对汕尾群体无扩增带。各群体的多样性指数为0.2088～0.2594,多态位点比例为85.71%～94.74%。群体间的遗传距离为0.0271～0.2195,相对而言,地理位置相隔越远,遗传距离越大。 相似文献
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长江口刀鲚遗传多样性的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对长江口刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)30个个体的遗传多样性进行了检测,从40个随机引物中筛选出17个对每个刀鲚的DNA进行扩增,结果表明,17个引物共检测到148条清晰且重复性好的条带,分子量在200～2000bp之间,其中多态位点为86个,占58．11％;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0．1905,Nei基因多样性指数为0．2280;个体间最大遗传距离为0.212,最小遗传距离为0．092。通过与其他鱼类的遗传多样性的研究结果比较可初步判断,刀鲚群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。 相似文献
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巨魾野生群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
巨魾(Bagarius yarrelli)为云南特有的经济鱼类,利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对元江下游的河口巨野生群体进行了遗传多样性分析,在50条随机引物中筛选出19条多态性较好的引物,通过PCR扩增,19条引物在巨群体中共检测到67个位点,其中多态性位点66个,平均多态性位点比率为98.51%,个体间平均遗传相似系数为0.890 9,个体间平均遗传距离为0.117 6;群体Nei's基因多样性指数为0.291 6,Shannon信息指数为0.426 9,结果表明巨野生群体具有较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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青海湖裸鲤繁殖群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对青海湖裸鲤的3个洄游繁殖群体-黑马河(HM)、布哈河(BH)及沙柳河(SL)群体各30个个体的DNA多态性进行了分析。用13个引物在三个群体中共检测出85个位点,其中多态性位点68个。青海湖裸鲤群体总的DNA多态位点百分率为80．0％。数据分析结果显示：青海湖裸鲤3个群体总的Nei基因多样性为0．3395,Shannon遗传多样性信息指数为0．4861,存在着较为丰富的遗传多样性。青海湖裸鲤3个群体间平均遗传距离为0．0788,基因分化系数Gst为0．1070,表明3个繁殖群体间产生了一定程度的遗传分化,通过UPGMA方法进行聚类分析显示,HM群体和BH群体优先聚类,表示它们之间的基因交流程度要高于它们分别与SL群体之间的交流。 相似文献
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巨（Bagarius yarrelli）为云南特有的经济鱼类,利用随机扩增多态性 DNA（RAPD）技术对元江下游的河口巨野生群体进行了遗传多样性分析,在50条随机引物中筛选出19条多态性较好的引物,通过 PCR 扩增,19条引物在巨群体中共检测到67个位点,其中多态性位点66个,平均多态性位点比率为98．51％,个体间平均遗传相似系数为0．8909,个体间平均遗传距离为0．1176;群体 Nei′s 基因多样性指数为0．2916, Shannon 信息指数为0．4269,结果表明巨野生群体具有较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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为研究多鳞四指马鲅(Eleutheronema rhadinum)不同地理群体的遗传多样性,应用AFLP技术分析了江苏东南部近海海域(QD)、广东湛江近海海域(ZJ)、上海崇明长江口附近水域(CM)和海南琼海近海海域(QH)4个地理群体的遗传特征和群体分化。120 ind个体样品、8对引物组合共扩增246条带,多态性条带为128条,多态性比例为53.4%。群体ZJ扩增位点最多,多态性比例也最高,群体内的Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon’s信息指数变化趋势一致,均为CM相似文献
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《海洋渔业》2021,43(4)
为了解珠江水系北盘江光唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax lissolabiatus)种群遗传多样性的现状,采用8个引物组合对其30尾个体进行了全基因组DNA扩增片段长度多态性AFLP分析。每个引物组合扩增片段数在8～73之间,扩增片段长度为69～500 bp,基因型数为28～30。8个引物组合共计检测出扩增位点975个,平均每个引物组合扩增出121.88个位点;其中多态性位点897个,多态位点比例为92.00%。观测等位基因数(N_a)、有效等位基因数(N_e)、Nei遗传多样性指数(H)、Shannon信息指数(I)平均值分别为1.912 3、1.369 0、0.227 1和0.357 5。个体间遗传距离为0.214 7～0.410 9,平均为0.304 0。基于个体间遗传距离构建的UPGMA和NJ系统树具有相似的拓扑结构,均显示30尾光唇裂腹鱼聚为两支,可能分别来源于两个亚群体。北盘江光唇裂腹鱼种群遗传多样性丰富,但由于受水电站建坝、水质污染、过度捕捞等因素的影响,该种群的分布区已缩小,种群数量减少,种群遗传变异离散程度较低并存在着等位基因丢失的现象,应采取措施恢复北盘江光唇裂腹鱼的种群数量,保护其遗传多样性。 相似文献
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为研究西江流域广西境内卷口鱼(Ptychidio jordani)种群的遗传变异情况,自广西境内6个江段采集了139尾样本,采用PCR与DNA测序技术分析其线粒体D-loop序列的遗传多样性及群体历史动态;139条D-loop序列长度均为725 bp,碱基组成A+T (65.7%)远远高于C+G (34.3%),共检测到变异位点25个,转颠换比R值为11.5。139尾样本共定义23个单倍型。单倍型的NJ系统树以及网络结构图显示,23个单倍型间有2个明显分支,不同地理群体来源的单倍型混杂分布在2个分支中,未能观察到明显的地理聚群。6个群体遗传多样性较好,单倍型多样性Hd=0.71585~0.92063,核苷酸多样性Pi=0.00173~0.00668,遗传分化极其显著(遗传分化系数Fst=0.36737,P<0.001)。AMOVA分析表明,群体内变异占63.26%,群体间为36.74%。中性检验(Tajima’s D= –0.50322,P=0.34600;Fu’s Fs= –5.05210,P=0.08800)与核苷酸错配分布表明,西江流域卷口鱼种群近期内未经历过种群扩张。综上所述,西江流域广西境内的卷口鱼遗传多样性表现为高单倍型、低核苷酸多样性的特征,群体间不同程度的遗传分化表明水坝阻隔及捕捞因素可能促进其发生,而水利梯级开发可能是促进卷口鱼群体遗传分化的首要原因。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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