共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
乳肉兼用水牛不同生长阶段绝食代谢的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用传统开路式牛用呼吸面具对12,18和24月龄乳肉兼用水牛绝食产热(FHP)进行研究。结果表明:12,18和24月龄乳肉兼用水牛FHP分别为334.03,328.55和306.01KJ/(kgW0.75·d);每天每头排出内源尿氮(EUN)分别为31.06,35.62和39.66g;单位代谢体重每天排出EUN分别为0.53,0.50和0.48g;蛋白分解产热占总产热量分别为17.99%,17.35%和17.98%;EUN与FHP比值分别为1.60,1.54和1.60mg/KJ。乳肉兼用生长水牛维持净能需要量:NEm=402.152KJ/(kgW0.75·d)。绝食代谢与体重指数关系为:FHP[KJ/(kgW0.75·d)]=877.864W0.57,(n=15,r=0.7075)。乳肉兼用生长水牛代谢体重为W0.57kg。 相似文献
4.
5.
选用12头体况良好、14～15月龄、体重(262±3.5)kg的健康母水牛,按随机区组的试验设计分为3组进行饲养试验、消化代谢试验和气体代谢试验,以获得14～15月龄母水牛能量需要量。3组试验日粮均由精料和粗料(象草和发酵菠萝皮)组成。3组日粮粗蛋白水平一致(11.10%),能量水平不同,产奶净能分别为6.28(第1组),6.14(第2组)和6.00 MJ/kg(第3组)。饲养试验包括15 d的预试期和30 d的正试期,在正试期的第24和28天分别进行为期7 d的消化代谢试验和3 d的气体代谢试验,饲养试验结束后,试牛断料不断水,从绝食的第4天起进行为期2 d的绝食代谢试验。结果表明:14～15月龄母水牛正常采食状态下水牛畜体产热(HP)为0.638 MJ/(W0.75.d),绝食状态下水牛畜体产热(FHP)为0.321 MJ/(W0.75.d),热增耗(HI)为0.317 MJ/(W0.75.d),能量消化率为66.49%,能量代谢率为54.23/%。14～15月龄母水牛用于维持的净能需要量为0.401 MJ/(W0.75.d),每增重1 kg所需要的净能为12.22 MJ。14～15月龄母水牛总净能需要量可以按以下公式计算:NE(MJ/d)=(0.401+0.184△W)W0.75;NE(MJ/d)=0.401 W0.75+12.22△W,式中△W为日增重(kg/d)。 相似文献
6.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(18)
为了测定特种野猪的基础氮代谢和内源氨基酸排出规律,得到维持粗蛋白质需要计算公式。试验选择体重接近45 kg的特种野猪6头,置于代谢笼中,单笼饲养,采用无氮饲粮法测定其代谢粪氮(MFN)、内源尿氮(EUN)、体表氮损失(SLN)及内源氨基酸损失规律。结果表明:特种野猪1 kg干物质采食量(DMI)的MFN损失为1.243 g,内源氨基酸排出量为6.076 g;每单位代谢体重的EUN损失为0.21 g/d,SLN为0.024 g/d。特种野猪的维持粗蛋白质需要量计算公式为:R=6.25×[(1.243×DMI)+(0.21×BW~(0.75))+(0.024×BW~(0.75))]/(BV×TD)。式中:R为维持粗蛋白质需要(g/d),DMI为每天DMI(kg/d),BW为动物的体重(kg)。BV为蛋白质生物学价值,取值0.55;TD为蛋白质真实消化率,取值0.80。 相似文献
7.
用前列腺素处理28只5.5月龄的青山羊母羊,使之同期发情,自然交配后分为自由和限制采食两组,进行饲养试验、屠宰试验、内源氮测定试验、消化代谢试验,以研究妊娠青山羊的蛋白质需要。试验结果表明,青山羊妊娠期前三个月,内源性尿氮(Endogenous urine nitrogen,EUN)为0.105 gN/kgW~(0.75)/d,代谢性粪氮(Metabolic fecal nitrogen,MFN)为0.159 gN/kgW~(0.75)/d;妊娠期最后两个月,EUN 为0.460 gN/kgW~(0.75)/d,MFN 为0.055 gN/kgW~(0.75)/d。胚胎、胎盘和胎水中蛋白质沉积量及沉积速度和胚胎、妊娠物增重及增重速度均符合指数曲线。妊娠青山羊的蛋白质需要 Y=0.63W~(0.75)+0.58X_1+0.72X_2,其中:Y—妊娠青山羊粗蛋白每日需要量(g):W~(0.75)—代谢体重(kg);X_1—母体本身增重(g);X_2—妊娠物增重(g)。 相似文献
8.
本研究旨在通过试验手段研究生长母水牛能量需要量.试验选用12头体况良好,12～13月龄,体重相近[(209±20)kg]的健康生长母水牛,按随机区组的试验设计分为3组进行能量平衡试验,通过测定能量摄人量、消化率、产热量等研究其能量需要.3组试验日粮均由精料和粗料(象草和发酵菠萝皮)组成.3组精料粗蛋白质水平一致(17.5%),能量水平不同,产奶净能分别为6.71、6.40和6.07 MJ/kg.饲养试验包括15 d预试期和30 d正试期,在正试期第24和28天分别进行为期7 d的消化代谢试验和3 d的气体代谢试验.试验结果表明,本研究条件下,12～13月龄生长母水牛正常采食状态下产热量(HP)为0.551 MJ/(W0.75·d),能量消化率为66.49%,能量代谢率为50.34%.生长母水牛用于维持的净能需要量为0.401 MJ/(W0.75·d),每增重1 kg所需要的净能为19.00 MJ.12～13月龄生长母水牛净能总需要量可以按以下公式计算:NE(MJ/d)=(0.401+0.319△W)W0.75或NE(MJ/d)=0.401W0.75+19.00△W,式中△W为牛只日增重(kg/d). 相似文献
9.
利用"中型开放回流式呼吸测热装置",采用梯度饲养、消化代谢试验,结合生长代谢呼吸测热和绝食代谢呼吸测热试验,对育成期宁夏滩羊公羊的能量需要量和代谢规律进行了系统的研究.结果表明:①在(20±1)℃下滩羊公羊育成期绝食产热为203.49 kJ/(W0.75·d);同样温度环境条件下生长代谢畜体产热为369.53 kJ/(W0.75·d);能量平衡的结果表明,滩羊公羊在育成前期沉积蛋白质的能力高于后期,沉积体脂肪的能力后期高于前期.②通过绝食产热测得滩羊公羊育成期维持净能244.29 kJ/(W0.75·d),维持代谢能305.3 kJ/(W0.75·d),km=0.8.③热增耗HI=125.27 kJ/(W0.75·d).④滩羊公羊育成前期代谢能需要量MER=305.33 kJ/(W0.75·d)·d+618.4×△W0.136(△W,kg). 相似文献
10.
不同海拔高度下生长牦牛绝食代谢的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用闭路循环式呼吸面具,分别在海拔高度2261m和4272m处的暖季对绝食5—7天的生长阉牦牛绝食产热(FHP)进行测定,并在海拔高度3250m处的冬、暖两季,测定不同气温下试牛的FHP。用Brouwer(1965)的简化式计算产热量。结果表明:①在海拔2261m和4272m处,1、2、3岁牦牛的FHP(kJ/kgw~(0.75)·日)分别为351.544±25.744,305.344±20.920,298.583±17.910,和376.225±23.518,324.787±46.208,281.144±24.410。二者差异不显著(P>0.05),其方程为FHP(kJ/日)=920w~(0.52),n=25,r=0.8469。②环境气温显著影响FHP。当气温为8—15℃时,FHP相对恒定P>0.1);高于15℃时,每升高1℃,FHP(kJ/kgw~(0.52)·日)增加10.5(P<0.05);低于8℃时,每下降1℃,FHP减少14.6(P<0.05);低于-20℃时,每下降1℃,FHP增加18.4(P<0.05)。试验指出:①牦牛较低的FHP及它在不同海拔高度FHP的恒定性,是其适应青藏高原缺氧环境及冬春缺草环境的特点;它奇特的自我保护功能是适应严寒环境的特点,这些特点是长期自然选择的结果。②在高海拔地区世代生活的家畜,其代谢值低,而且在其适应的海拔高度范围内相对恒定;未获得遗传性适应的家畜,其代谢值随海拔高度的升高而升高。③生长牦牛代谢体重为w~(0.52)。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
18.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献