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1.
分子标记技术在棉花品种鉴定上的研究进展 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
DNA指纹技术的发展大体分为三个阶段：第一代的分子标记是以Southern杂交为基础的RFLP,第二代分子标记是以PCR为基础的各种DNA指纹标记,第三代分子标记是以单核苷酸多态性为基础的SNP。本文概述了品种鉴定技术的研究与应用进展,重点介绍了用于棉花品种鉴定的四种主要的分子标记技术：RFLP、RAPD、AFLP和SSR,对每一种分子标记的技术原理、在棉花品种鉴定上的应用研究状况及存在的优缺点进行了具体阐述。通过比较分析,提出了SSR标记适用于棉花品种鉴定的独特优越性。并对基于SSR分子标记技术构建我国棉花品种DNA指纹库的重要意义与必要性进行了分析。 相似文献
2.
DNA分子标记技术的研究与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DNA分子标记是继传统的形态学标记、细胞学标记、生化标记之后发展起来的以DNA为基础的遗传标记技术,因其独有的技术特点,迅速在各领域得到广泛的应用与发展。本研究总结概括了基于m RNA的表达序列标签(ESTs)、差异显示逆转录PCR (DDRT-PCR)、特征性差异分析(RDA)、基因表达系列分析(SAGE);基于目的基因的保守DNA衍生多态性(CDDP)、目标起始密码子多态性(SCoT)、保守区域扩增多态性(Co-RAP)和基于反转录转座子的反转录转座子位点间扩增多态性(IRAP)、反转录转座子-微卫星扩增多态性(REMAP)等几种新型DNA分子标记技术的原理、特点、优缺点,以及常见DNA分子标记技术的特点比较及其应用,以期在其基础上推动分子标记技术进一步融合、创新与发展。 相似文献
3.
SSR分子标记在玉米种子纯度鉴定中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SSR是建立在PCR技术上的一种广泛应用的分子标记，具有含量丰富、多态性高、共显性等优点。本文简要介绍了SSR分子标记技术的原理和特点，重点介绍了SSR分子标记技术在玉米种子纯度鉴定上的研究进展，并就其在玉米种子纯度方面的应用潜力进行了探讨。 相似文献
4.
利用分子标记辅助选择技术创制抗稻瘟病水稻新恢复系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2015,(9)
为了选育出抗病的优良杂交水稻恢复系,本研究以含有抗稻瘟病基因Pi9的水稻材料75-1-127为供体,以杂交水稻强恢复系蜀恢527、明恢86、闽恢3301和X5为受体亲本,运用分子标记辅助选择技术与回交、复合杂交的选育方法,同时连续4年在稻瘟病重发区田间自然诱发鉴定,最终获得了6份含有抗稻瘟病基因Pi9的新株系,其中2份表现抗稻瘟病,4份表现中抗稻瘟病,而不含有Pi9基因的株系材料均表现中感病及以上。结果表明,在相同遗传背景下含有Pi9基因的株系的抗性水平明显优于不含有Pi9基因的株系。本研究利用分子标记辅助选择技术有效地培育了抗稻瘟病的水稻恢复系。 相似文献
5.
稻瘟病是对水稻生产具有严重威胁的真菌病害,选育并推广聚合多个抗稻瘟病基因的抗病品种是防控该病最为经济有效的途径。本研究以携带不同抗稻瘟病基因的‘吉粳105’(Pita)和‘T639’(Pi5)为亲本杂交衍生的后代群体为试材,利用分子标记辅助育种技术,筛选到3个聚合抗稻瘟病基因Pita和Pi5的后代。并以其中一个株系‘吉2011TK50’为试验材料,利用人工接种鉴定、显微观察及定量PCR等技术研究‘吉2011TK50’的抗病表型及抗性分子机制。结果表明,抗稻瘟病基因的聚合能够增强该品系对稻瘟病的抗性。显微观察和抗稻瘟病基因表达分析发现,基因聚合株系在接种稻瘟病菌后24 h PR基因表达量显著升高,被稻瘟病菌侵染的细胞开始出现过敏性死亡等抗病反应,抑制了稻瘟病菌的进一步侵染。研究结果证实聚合Pita和Pi5可提高水稻品种对抗稻瘟病的抗性,这可为抗病基因聚合育种提供参考。 相似文献
6.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(8):2638-2643
稻瘟病是水稻最严重的病害之一,利用抗病基因选育抗病品种可以安全有效地防治稻瘟病。分子标记辅助选择(marker-assisted selection, MAS)技术可实现快速精准地定向培育含抗稻瘟病基因的抗性品种,但针对不同遗传背景育种材料开发设计特异性的分子标记是MAS育种的重要基础。广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi2已被证明高抗多个国家和地区的稻瘟菌生理小种。本研究开发设计了1个新的广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi2的共显性特异分子标记Pi2CM1,可有效区分Pi2与其等位基因Pi9、Pigm,对22份核心育种材料表现出100%的多态性,为利用MAS技术定向培育含Pi2抗病新品种提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
7.
结缕草属植物杂交后代的SRAP分子标记鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
相关序列扩增多态性（sequence—related amplified polymorphism,SRAP）是基于PCR技术的一种新型分子标记技术。本文通过SRAP分子标记技术对结缕草属植物种间杂交的5个组合44份杂交后代进行了真假杂种的鉴定,拟为杂交后代的进一步研究奠定基础。首先通过5个杂交组合的亲本材料分别筛选10对SRAP引物组合,然后应用具有父本特征带的多态性引物组合对各个杂交组合亲本及其所有后代进行PCR扩增、电泳。结果表明,5个杂交组合的44个杂交后代中有39个后代具有父本特征带,被鉴定为真杂种,其余5个后代因不具有父本特征带,被鉴定为自交种。杂种真实性的鉴定结果为杂交后代的进一步研究及应用奠定了良好的基础,本研究结果也表明SRAP分子标记技术是比较稳定可靠的标记系统,可有效应用于结缕草属植物杂种真实性的鉴定和遗传分析。 相似文献
8.
AFLP,SSR在黄瓜黑星病抗感材料上的多态性比较 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
用AFLP和SSR 2种分子标记技术对黄瓜抗感黑星病材料Q6和Q12,及其F2极性集团和F2群体进行了分析,比较了它们的多态性。结果表明,AFLP和SSR 2种分子标记的多态性比率分别为36.5%,9.6%;阳性比率分别为22%,0。在F2群体中找到了1个AFLP标记E20/M64,与目的基因的遗传距离是4.83 cM;1个SSR标记CSWCT02B,与目的基因的遗传距离是28.7 cM。AFLP的多态性比率要比SSR的多态性比率高。分析探讨了2种分子标记技术的优缺点及其在目的基因连锁标记筛选、基因定位等研究中的应用。 相似文献
9.
利用分子标记辅助选择将抗稻瘟病基因Pi-9(t)渗入水稻恢复系泸恢17 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究采用杂交和分子标记辅助选择技术,将亲本材料P2的水稻广谱高抗稻瘟病基因Pi-9(t)导入杂交水稻恢复系泸恢17,再利用抗稻瘟病基因Pi-9(t)的特异分子标记pB8检测该目的基因,获得68份携有Pi-9(t)基因型的回交株系。基因型鉴定表明株系WR1023、WR1043、WR1056和WR1062为均含有Pi-9(t)基因纯合的回交后代株系。表型分析表明WR1023和WR1056株系农业性状已稳定,且其株叶型、抗稻瘟病及配合力较好,我们认为可以用作育种抗性亲本材料。 相似文献
10.
扩增片段长度多态性的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)是一种建立在PCR基础上的分子标记技术。近年来已广泛应用于遗传图谱构建、重要基因定位、遗传多样性分析、分子标记辅助育种及生物系统分类等方面的研究。本文对AFLP的原理、基本操作程序及其应用作了简要的描述。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献