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新城疫病毒能凝集多种禽类和哺乳类的红细胞,实验室中以鸡的最为常用。在血凝实验中习惯用新鲜红细胞,但其质脆易碎,不易保存,每次实验需临时制备。而醛化红细胞在4℃可贮存一年以上,此种细胞耐受溶解和破坏的能力甚强,反复冻融不会发生溶解。醛化细胞不妨碍对抗原或抗体的吸附,其血凝价一般与新鲜红细胞相似。我们用鸡、豚鼠、绵羊三种动物的醛化和新鲜红细胞分别做了新城疫病毒血凝试验的比较。 相似文献
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在血凝（HA）和血凝抑制（HI）试验中，传统的方法采用新鲜红细胞。由于新鲜红细胞容易破碎，保存时间短，每次试验需临时准备，使用很不方便。本文采用醛化红细胞进行鸽1型副粘病毒的HA和HI试验，并与新鲜红细胞进行对照，结果表明，两种红细胞在鸽1型副粘病毒的HA和HI试验中的结果基本一致，而使用醛化红细胞更为便利。现将结果报道如下。1材料与方法l．l鸽1型副粘病毒（鸽A／PMV－1）；鸽A”MV－IZH株由本室鉴定保存，在9－11日龄鸡胚培养后收获尿囊液无菌检查后置4C保存备用。用于HI试验的病毒经0．2％甲醛37C灭活24小时后置… 相似文献
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通过血凝抑制试验测定鸡产蛋下降综合症(EDS—76)的HI效价,是比较常用的方法。不过血凝(抑制)试验需用新鲜红细胞,虽然经过醛化的红细胞能保存一定的时间,但醛化过程比较复杂。本室进行了EDS—76 AGP与HI效价的比较试验。 相似文献
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在鸡新城疫HA和HI试验中使用醛化红细胞的试验观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长期以来,在鸡新城疫(ND)血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验中均使用新鲜鸡红细胞,由于这种新鲜红细胞保存时间短,使用之前临时采血洗涤,费时又不方便;同时因不同批次或不同鸡只个体红细胞的差异而影响检测结果。而醛化红细胞具有保存时间长(一年左右)、不溶血、不易破碎和使用方便等优点。笔者在鸡新城疫 HA 和 HI 试验中使用醛化红细胞替代新鲜红细胞进行了试验观察,获得满意的效果,现报告如下。 相似文献
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冻干醛化红细胞与新鲜人O型红细胞对“兔瘟”的诊断效果一致,两者呈显著正相关(r=0.9506)。冻干醛化红细胞4℃保存10个月,比在相同条件下保存的醛化红细胞悬液的HA效价高3个滴度。 相似文献
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在兔出血症的检测和免疫监测中,血凝／血凝抑制试验（HA／HI）是常规有效的检测方法。针对人“O”型新鲜红细胞存在质脆易碎、保存期短的缺点,从醛化人的“O”型红细胞制备方法的优化、工作浓度、保存时间三个方面进行研究,并用于兔出血症的HA／HI试验,同时以新鲜的人“O”型红细胞作为对照。结果表明：经戊二醛-甲醛二次醛化的红细胞的醛化效果与只用戊二醛醛化的红细胞效果差异不显著,均优于甲醛醛化效果,且经戊二醛-甲醛二次醛化或戊二醛醛化后的红细胞不溶血,性质不变,易保存;在兔出血症HA/HI试验中,经戊二醛醛化人“O”型红细胞的试验效果与新鲜红细胞差异不大,结果稳定性好。 相似文献
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用醛化鸡红细胞进行 EDS-76病毒的血凝(HA)及血凝抑制(HI)试验结果与用新鲜鸡红细胞检测的结果相同或低一个滴度,图象清晰、稳定、结果易于判定。醛化鸡红细胞具有保存期长、使用方便、无自凝性等优点. 相似文献
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醛化鸡红细胞应用于鸡新城疫的诊断和抗体检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将新鲜鸡红细胞经戊二醛处理后，制成醛化鸡红细胞。该醛化鸡红细胞具有特异性，不发生自凝，保存期可达半年以上，和阴性尿囊液不发生凝集，与新工细胞同时用于血球凝集和血球凝集抑制试验，对疑似鸡新城疫病料和待检测血清进行检测，结果在ＨＡ试验中，新鲜鸡红细胞比醛化鸡红细胞高１－３个滴度，而在ＨＩ试验中，两种红细胞所得结果基本一致，有的则醛化对外开放红细胞比新鲜鸡红细胞高１－２个滴度。由此说明，醛化鸡红细胞完全 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献